国际贸易实务英文版参考答案.docx
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国际贸易实务英文版参考答案.docx
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国际贸易实务英文版参考答案
国际贸易实务英文版参考答案
Chapter 1
I .YES,Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.
II. 流动性过剩 自给自足 经济资源 直接投资 国际收支 易货交易 出口退税 倾销
出口型经济增长 东道国 贸易差额
贸易顺差/贸易逆差 欧盟
国际收支顺差/国际收支逆差 有形贸易 无形贸易 货物贸易 服务贸易
excess liquidity self-sufficient
economic resources direct investment balance of payments barter
export tax rebate dumping
export-driven economic growth host country balance of trade
favorable/unfavorable balance of trade European Union
favorable/unfavorable balance of payments visible trade invisible trade trade in goods trade in services
III
The chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade balance. The U.S. has a negative trade balance with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996, totaling $ 39.5 billion at the end of the year. IV
1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.
2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods.
3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.
4. International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries. 5. FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.
6. Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety. V
1. International trade is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and/or services across national boundaries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.
2. In today's complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons. As to the economic reasons, no nation has all of the economic resources (land, labor and capital) that it needs to develop its economy and culture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs. As for the preference reasons, international trade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.
3. In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators, namely, balance of trade and balance of payments.
4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buying of permanent property and business in foreign nations. It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign company is trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that:
FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure, national supporting industry, key projects, etc.
Chapter 2 I
关税壁垒 非关税壁垒 从量税 配额
保护性关税 市场失灵 幼稚产业 许可证制度 财政关税 政府采购 贸易保护主义 从价税 最低限价 本地采购规则 增加内需
Domestic content Red-tape barriers Export subsidies Binding quota Absolute quotas VER
Tariff-rate quotas Zero quota
"Buy local" rules Tariff barriers non-tariff barriers specific duties quota
protective tariff market failure infant industry licensing system Revenue tariff
government procurement trade protectionism Ad Valorem Duties floor price
"buy local" rules
raise domestic demand 国内含量 进口环节壁垒 出口补贴 绑定配额 绝对配额 自愿出口限制 关税配额 零配额
本地采购原则
II
1. Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers. 保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制,以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
.
2. If the Russians release their stocks of fin into the world market, the price of the metal will sink through the floor.
一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中,那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。
3. Protective tariff means a duty or tax imposed on imported products for the purpose of making them more expensive in comparison to domestic producers, thereby giving the domestic products a price advantage.
保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税,旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵,从向使得本国商品具有价格优势。
4. Types of tariffs include ad valorem, specific, variable, or compound. In the United States, the imposition of tariffs is made on imported goods only. Tariffs raise the prices of imported goods, thus making them less competitive within the market of the importing country. After seven "Rounds” of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade trade negotiations that focused heavily on tariff reductions, tariffs are less important measures of protection than they used to be.
关税的种类包括从价税,从量税,可变税与复合税。
在美国,只对进口商品征税。
关税抬高了进口货物的价格,从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。
继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后,税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。
III
1. Tariff is a duty collected by customs of a government on imports and/or exports.
2. A revenue tariff can be some of the incomes of a government, but it must be taken under control.
3. To export goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping which might be fought against by government of the importing country.
4. A tariff may be assessed on a per unit basis, in which case it is known as a specific duty. It also may be assessed as a percentage of the value of the item, in which case it is known as an ad valorem duty.
5. Import tariffs primarily serve as a means of raising the price of the import goods so that competitively produced domestic goods will gain a relative price advantage.
Chapter 3 I
APEC Asia-pacific Economic Co-operation
FTAAP Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific EU European Union
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
MERCOSUR Mercado Comun Del Cono Sur / Southern Common Market ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations EFTA European Free Trade Area
AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area PTAs Preferential Trade agreements
II
Trade bloc 贸易集团
Trade block 贸易禁运/ 封锁
Open regionalism 开放式区域主义 Free trade area 自由贸易区 Customs union 关税联盟 Common market 共同市场 Economic union 经济联盟 Trade embargoes 贸易禁运 Boycotts 抵制
歧视性关税 discriminatory tariffs 经济制裁 economic sanction 贸易弹性 trade elasticity
双边贸易协定 bilateral trade agreement 最惠国 most favored nation
Chapter 4
I .GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade HOD Heads of Delegations
TRIPs Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services TRIMs Trade Related Investment Measures MFN Most Favored Nations
II. 施惠国 Patronage nations 受惠国 Favored nations 缔约国 Contracting Parties 市场准入 market access 透明度 transparency
紧急进口措施 Urgent Importing Measures 争端解决机制 dispute settlement mechanism 可持续发展 sustainable development 特许经营 franchise
III.1. Until now WTO has already had 150 members and its trade volume covers 90% of the total trade volume in the whole world.
2. Topmost of WTO is the Ministerial Conference which has to meet at least once every two years. Under the Ministerial Conference is the General Council that has to meet at Geneva regularly.
3. The WTO Secretariat, which offices only in Geneva, Swizerland, has around 550 regular stuff and is headed by a Director-General. Since decisions are made by Members only, the Secretariat has no decision-making powers as the other international institutions.
4. The Secretariat provides some form of legal assistance in the dispute settlement process and advises governments wishing to become Members of the WTO.
Chapter 5 I
FOB班轮条件 清关
FOB吊钩下交货 平舱 多式联运 船舷 内陆水运 理舱 卸货费 投保
CFR卸至岸上(含着陆费) 班轮 单据买卖
CFR舱底交货 CFR班轮条件 象征性交货
FOB liner term customs clearance FOB Under Tackle trim
multimodal transport shipboard
marine navigation on inland waterway stow
discharge expense cover insurance CFR Landed liner
documentary sales CFR Ex-ship's Hold CFR liner terms symbolic delivery
II
1. Under CFR, buyers should effect insurance.
2. Under CIF Ex-Ship's Hold, seller should pay the discharge charges.
3. Under CIF, the insured amount should be US $ 22 000 if the contracted price is US $20000. 4. Under CIP, seller has to procure insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.
5. The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export
6. The DEQ term requires the buyer to proceed with the customs clearance for imports and payment of all customs duty.
7. Under DDP, the seller must pay the costs of customs duties as well as all duties, taxes and other official charges payable upon exportation and importation of the goods.
8. Under DDU the seller must give the buyer instant notice of the shipping of the goods as well as any other notice required in order to allow she buyer to take measure. III
1. 该报价为FOB的价格并含5%的佣金。
2. 在CPT、CIP项下,“承运人”指在货物运输合同中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、内河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的人。
3. 在FCA项下,交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。
如果交货地基于卖方,卖
方有装载责任。
如果交货地在其它地方,卖方对卸载没有责任。
4. 在FOB项下,卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内,在指定的装运港,按照该港习惯方式,将货物交至买方指定的船只上。
买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。
Questions
│Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │ │N │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │ │N │N │N │N │N │Y │N │Y │N │N │N │ │N │N │N │N │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │ │N │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │ │N │N │N │N │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │Y │
V
A.1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. c; 5. c; 6. c; 7. d; 8. b; 9. d; l0.c B. 1. a; 2. ab; 3. abcdf; 4.
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