《英语教学法教程》.docx
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《英语教学法教程》.docx
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《英语教学法教程》
一名合格的英语教师,不仅要具备扎实的语言基本功,掌握必要的语言基本知识和基本技能,具有较强的语言交际能力,而且还要掌握一定的教育基本理论和教学基本技能,既能够根据实际需要选择并运用恰当的教学方法和技巧,具备课堂管理的能力与评价的能力,同时具有驾驭教材的能力。
而这些能力的形成都基于我们对语言的认识和对语言学习过程的认识。
这些正是我们制作英语教学法网络课件的目的所在。
本网络课件以《英语教学法教程》(王蔷:
2000)为基本素材,又补充了新近的教学改革理念以及大量的语言教学材料供英语教师和师范类英语专业学生学习参考。
AnInstructiontoELTMethodology
I.TheConceptofMethodology
Question1:
WhatisMethodologyandwhat
aspectdoesitcover?
ItisacourseinEnglishLanguage
Teaching.
Itmayhelpyoutobecomeagoodlanguageteacher.
ItisaimedatintroducingsometeachingtheoriesandpracticalmethodstoEnglishteachers.
Itdealswithlanguageandlanguagelearningandteaching.
Itprovideswithknowledgeoflessonplanningandclassroommanagement.
Itfocusesontheteachingoflanguagecomponents;thatis,pronunciation,vocabularyandgrammar.
Italsofocusesontheteachingofthefourlanguageskills;thatis,listening,speaking,readingandwriting.
Itshowshowtheselanguagecomponentsandskillsaretaughtandpracticedinandoutoftheclassroom.
Itisaboutlanguageassessment
Itintroducestheusersofthebooktotheevaluation,selectionandadaptationoftextbooksandsoon.
Italsoshowshowteacherswillbeabletointegratetheseareas,languagecomponentsandtheteachingofthefourlanguageskills(orfive:
plustranslation).
Question2:
Whyareourchildren/peoplelearningEnglish?
Theyhavetopasstheexaminations.
Theycanhelpforeignvisitors.
It’snecessaryiftheywanttoenteruniversity.
Learningaforeignlanguageisanintellectualchallenge.
Theycanusecomputersmoreeasily.
Theyneedtokeepintouchwithwhatisgoingonintheirprofessionworldwide.
Englishwillbeveryimportanttogetajobintrade.
Englishwillbeusefulforthemtotravelabroad.
TheywillbeabletoreadandlistentoinEnglish.Thiscanimprovetheirknowledgeoftheworld.
Ofcourse,therearenorightorwronganswers.ButwhattheyaredoingintheEnglishclassisgainingskillsthatmighthelptheminlife.
Question3:
Howdo/didyoustudyEnglish?
Differentstudentsstudyindifferentways.
AllroadsleadtoRome/English.
Question4:
HowwasEnglishtaughtinthepast?
Thefollowingquestionsmayhelpyoutoanswertheformerquestion.
Whathappenedatthebeginningofeachlesson?
Howdidyouhavetoprepareforthelesson?
Howdidyoufeelduringyourlesson?
Whatstepdidtheteacherfollow?
Whatdidyou&theteacherdoinclass?
Howmuchhomeworkdidyouhave?
Whatdidyouenjoymostaboutyourclasses?
Hereissomethingthatyoushouldalwayskeepinmindasateacher:
Yourrelationshipwithyourstudentsandwiththesubjectyouareteachingwillalwayshaveanimportanteffectonthestudentslearning.
Question5
Whatislanguage?
Languageisameansofcommunicationwithotherpeople.
Question6:
Sowhatistheaimorpurposeoflanguageteaching?
Communication.
Question7:
Howmanylanguageteachingmethodsorapproachesdoyouknow?
thegrammar-translationmethod
thedirectmethod
theaudio-lingualmethod
thesituationallanguageteaching
thecognitiveapproach
thesilentway
thetotalphysicalresponsemethod
thecommunicativeapproach
thenaturalapproach
thefunctional-notionalmethod,etc.
II.CurrentTeachingMethodsandApproaches
IncurrentlanguageclassesinChina,itisverypopulartoapplythefollowingteachingmethods,whicharemorepopularandpractical:
1.Theobjectiveteachingmethod
It’s3keyelements:
TeachingObjectives,objectiveactivitiesandteachingevaluation.
2.Five-stepTeachingMethod
(1)Revision
(2)Presentation(3)Drill(4)Practice(5)Consolidation
Eachclasscontainsatleast3parts:
● Reviewlearnedlanguagematerials
● Teachnewlanguagecomponents:
phonetics,vocabularyand
grammar.
● Carryoutvariousformsof4skills’activities.
3.TheIntegralTeachingMethod
Itisquitesimilartothecommunicativeapproach,whichwillbediscussedindetailandfullyinUnit2.
Question8:
Whatisagoodlanguageteacher?
AgoodEnglishteachershouldhave(strong)ethicdevotion,(certaindesirable)personalstyleand(necessary)professionalqualities.
E.D.
P.S. P.Q.
Question9:
Howcanyoubecomeagoodlanguageteacher?
Languagetraining:
asoundcommandofEnglish
Learnfromothers’experience
Learnreceivedknowledge,suchaslanguagetheories,methodology,education,psychology,etc.
Learnfromone’sownexperience
Practicemakesperfect
Keeponreflectingonwork,etc.
III.TheEvaluationofaTeacherinSchool
● Moralcharacter
● Ability
● Workattendance
● Achievement
Andsomeothersocialelements:
AformulathatmaymakeaVIT(veryimportantteacher):
IQ+EQ=VIT/VIP
IV.FourBasicSkills/AbilitiesofaTeacher
1.Lessonplanning(Preparelessonscreativelyandimaginatively)
2.Lessonpresenting(Presentlessonspracticallyandtheoretically)
3.Lessonteaching(Teachlessonseffectivelyandefficiently)
4.Lessonassessing(Assesslessonsobjectivelyandimpartially)
Thatistosay,first,prepareyourlessonwell;second,makeclearaboutyourlessontoothers;third,carryoutyourlessonplanwellandfourthevaluateyourlessonappropriately.
V.Consideration
Whathaveyoulearnedinthislecture?
Whatcanbethemostusefultoyou?
Whatdoyouthinkyoucanapplytoyourteaching?
Howwillyouintendtodealwiththeproblemsifyouhaveanyinthiscourse?
Whatproblemsdoyouthinkyouwillmeetwithinyourteaching?
Andhowwillyoudealwiththem?
VI.Generalassignmentforthiscourse:
Beclearabouthowtoprepare,teach,presentandevaluatealesson,andprepareforthefinalexam.
Unit1LanguageandLearning
1.1Question1
Whatisthechallengethelanguage
teacherisconfrontedwith?
Learners:
Differentreasons/ways/understanding/
capabilities/Differentlanguagelevels
Thechallengethatthelanguageteacherisconfrontedwithishowteachingmethodologycancaterforlearnerswhohavemoredifferencesthancommonalities.
1.2Question2
Whatisthequestionthatallapproachesoflanguageteachingshouldanswer?
Thequestionis“Whatislanguage?
”
Question3
Whatarethethreedifferentviewsoflanguagethatlanguageteachingandlearningpracticehavebeeninfluencedby?
Theyarethestructuralview,thefunctionalviewandtheinteractionalview.
Question4
Howdoesthestructuralviewseelanguage?
Howdoesthefunctionalviewseelanguage?
Howdoestheinteractionalviewseelanguage?
Thestructuralviewseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems.Tolearnalanguagemeanstolearnthesestructuralitemssoastobeabletounderstandandproducelanguage.
Thefunctionalviewseeslanguageasalinguisticsystembutalsoasameansofdoingthings.Learnerslearn alanguageinordertobeabletodothingswithfunctionalactivities.
Theinteractionalviewconsiderslanguageasacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.Thelearnerhastostudythepatternsandrulesoflanguageabovethesentenceleveltolearnhowlanguageisusedindifferentspeechcontext.
1.3 Question5
Thelanguagelearningtheoryunderliesateachingapproachormethod.Thistheorycanbebroadlydividedintotwokinds:
WhatareProcess-orientedtheoriesconcernedwith?
→
Howthemindprocessesnewinformation.
WhatdoCondition-orientedtheoriesemphasize?
→
Thenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontextinwhichlanguagelearningtakesplace.
Question6
Whatisthebehavioristtheoryoflanguagelearning?
BehavioralpsychologistSkinner,basedonthetheoryofconditioning,suggestedlanguageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearnedinthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflearningisreferredtoasbehaviorism,whichhasthreemajorstages,“stimulus,response,andreinforcement(Harmer)”.Theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher(e.g.:
theaudio-lingualmethod.)
WhatistheCognitivetheoryoflanguagelearning?
Thetermcognitivismisoftenusedlooselytodescribemethodsinwhichstudentsareaskedtothinkratherthansimplyrepeat.ThekeypointofChomsky’stheoryisreflectedinhismostfamousquestion:
ifalllanguageislearnedbehavior,howcanachildproduceasentencethathasneverbeensaidbyothersbefore?
Solanguageisnotaformofbehavior,itisanintricaterule-basedsystemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthelearningofthissystem.
CanapersonwhoseEnglishisverygoodbecomeaqualifiedteacher?
1.4Question7
Howmanygroupsofelementscancontributetothequalitiesofagoodlanguageteacher?
And whatarethey?
3groups:
ethicdevotion,professionalqualitiesandpersonalstyles
(Moreadjectives:
E.DGroup:
co-operative,responsible,devotional,diligent,dood-conducting,faithful,honest,frank…
P.SGroup:
communicativesociable,imaginative,tidyandneat,active,good-tempered,friendly,graceful(handsome)...
P.QGroup:
knowledgeable,stimulating,inspiring,observant,skillful,equal,experienced…
1.5Question8
Howmanystagesdoesthedevelopmentofprofessionalcompetenceforalanguageinvolve?
Andwhatarethey?
3stages:
languagetraining↔others’experience/receivedknowledge/ownexperiencepractice↔reflection→professionalcompetence(goal)
Professionalcompetenceis“amovingtarget”,towardswhichprofessionalstravelalltheirprofessionallifebutwhichisneverfinallyattained.
Question9
Whatis“pseudopractice”?
Itisashortperiodoftimeassignedforstudentteacherstodoteachingpracticeaspartoftheireducation,usuallyunderthesupervisionoftheir
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