最新希腊罗马神话期末考试.docx
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最新希腊罗马神话期末考试.docx
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最新希腊罗马神话期末考试
Section1:
TorF
Section2:
Choice
Section3:
Explainidioms
∙1.Pandora’sBox灾难之盒
含义:
toopenPandora'sboxmeanstocreateevilthatcannotbeundone.
来源:
Pandora'sboxinvolvesamythologicalstoryinwhichtheaboxwasgiventoahumanwhowaswarnednevertoopenthebox,buthiscuriositymadehimopenitresultinginadisaster.
∙2.TheHornofAmalthea丰饶角
含义:
Asymbolofabundanceandnourishment,commonlyalargehorn-shapedcontaineroverflowingwithproduce,flowers,nuts,otheredibles,orwealthinsomeform.
来源:
Oneday,asAmaltheaplayedwithlittleZeus,sheaccidentallybrokeoffherhorn.Tomakeupforitandasasignofgratitude,Zeusmadethebrokenhornalwaysbefullofwhateveritsownerdesired.
∙3.TheMidas/GoldenTouch点石成金
含义:
Abilitytoturneverythinghetouchedintogold.ifsomeonehastheMidastouch,everythingtheydoissuccessfulandmakesmoneyforthem
来源:
Midas’sjobknewnoboundsandassoonashegothome,heorderedtheservantstosetasplendidrepastonthetable.
∙4.AProcrusteanBed强迫一致
含义:
WhensomethingisProcrustean,differentlengthsorsizesorpropertiesarefittedtoanarbitrarystandard.
来源:
ProcrusteswasaroguesmithandbanditfromAtticawhophysicallyattackedpeoplebystretchingthemorcuttingofftheirlegs,soastoforcethemtofitthesizeofanironbed.
∙5.SowtheDragonTeeth挑起纠纷
含义:
Thedragon'steeth,onceplanted,wouldgrowintofullyarmedwarriors.
来源:
InGreekmyth,dragon’steethfeatureprominentlyinthelegendsofthePhoenicianprinceCadmusandJason'squestfortheGoldenFleece.
∙6.AppleofDiscord祸根
含义:
Aeuphemismforasmallmatterthatcouldleadtoabiggerdispute.
来源:
TheGreekgoddessofdiscord,Eris,becamedisgruntledaftershewasexcludedfromtheweddingofPeleusandThetis.Inretaliation,shetossedagoldenappleinscribedKallisti(‘forthemostbeautifulone'),intotheweddingparty.Threegoddessesclaimedtheapple:
Hera,Athena,andAphrodite.ParisofTroywasappointedtoselecttherecipient.HeawardedtheappletoAphrodite,thusindirectlycausingtheTrojanWar.
∙7.TheHeelofAchilles唯一的弱点
含义:
Adeadlyweaknessinspiteofoverallstrength,thatcanactuallyorpotentiallyleadstodownfall
来源:
Themythologicaloriginreferstoaphysicalvulnerability,metaphoricalreferencestootherattributesorqualitiesthatcanleadtodownfallarecommon.
ThetistreatedAchilleswithAmbrosia,makinghiminvulnerable.Thetisburnedawayhismortalityinthehousefireexceptontheheel,withwhichhewasheld.
ThetisdippedtheinfantAchillesintheriverStyx,holdingontohimbyhisheel.
∙8.Penelope’sWeb永远做不完的工作
含义:
Thetacticsofdelayingsthonpurpose;thetaskthatcanneverbefinished
来源:
PenelopeisthewifeofOdysseuswhowascalledtofightintheTrojanWar.Shewaitstwentyyearsforthefinalreturnofherhusband.Inordertoputoffremarriage,Shehasdevisedtrickstodelayhersuitors,oneofwhichistopretendtobeweavingaburialshroudforOdysseus'selderlyfatherLaertesandclaimingthatshewillchooseasuitorwhenshehasfinished.Everynightforthreeyears,sheundoespartoftheshroud,untilMelantho,oneoftwelveunfaithfulservingwomen,discoversherchicaneryandrevealsittothesuitors.
∙9.BetweenScyllaandCharybdis进退维谷
含义:
BeingbetweenScyllaandCharybdisisanidiomexpressesthemeaningof"havingtochoosebetweentwoevils".
来源:
Scyllawasrationalizedasarockshoal(describedasasix-headedseamonster)ontheItaliansideofthestraitandCharybdiswasawhirlpooloffthecoastofSicily.Theywereregardedasaseahazardlocatedcloseenoughtoeachotherthattheyposedaninescapablethreattopassingsailors;avoidingCharybdismeantpassingtooclosetoScyllaandviceversa.AccordingtoHomer,Odysseuswasforcedtochoosewhichmonstertoconfrontwhilepassingthroughthestrait;heoptedtopassbyScyllaandloseonlyafewsailors,ratherthanriskthelossofhisentireshipinthewhirlpool.
∙10.NecklaceofHarmonia不祥之物
含义:
NecklaceofHarmoniabroughtgreatmisfortunetoallofitswearersorowners.
来源:
Aphroditeboreadaughter,Harmonia,fromAres'seed.HarmoniamarriedCadmus,thefounderofThebes.Uponhearingoftheroyalengagement,HephaestuspresentedHarmoniawithanexquisitenecklaceasaweddinggift.ThenecklacewasmadebyHephaestus'ownhandandwascursedtobringdisastertoanywhoworeit.
∙13.ASisypheanTask
含义:
Endlesslylaboriousorfutile
来源:
Sisyphuswasfamedasthecraftiestofmen.HewascondemnedforevertorollahugestoneupahillinHadesonlytohaveitrolldownagainonnearingthetop.
∙15.GiveacaketoCerberus
含义:
bribe
来源:
CerberusisawatchdogatthegatesofTartarus.Hewouldletthesoulsinbutnotout.Howeverhecouldbebribedwithahoneycakeonoccasionorwithsweetmusic.
Section4:
ExplaininEnglishthemeaningoffollowingterms.15%(5)
∙1.Anthropomorphism神人同形同性
InGreekmyth,thegodsandgoddessesarenotonlypersonificationsoftheforcesoftheuniverse,theyareseenasbeingsmuchlikecommonmenandwomen.Thetermforthisis“Anthropomorphism”,meaning“intheformofahumanbeing.”
∙2.TheFiveAgesofMen五个时代
TheGoldenAge;theSilverAge;theBronzeAge;theHeroicAge;theIronAge
∙3.Tartarus地狱
Thedeeperregion,wheretheTitanshadbeenimprisoned(Tartarusitselfformedadismalpicture,ithadgatesofbronzeguardedbyCerberus,surroundedbyfire,encasedbytriplewall,andwithin,thewailingandcriesofthosebeingpunished.Itistheunderworldzoneofeternaltorment,wherethegreatestsinnershavebeenpunishedfortheirwrongdoing.)
∙4.TheElysianField天堂领域
TheparadisefortheGreeks
∙5.TheAsphodelField充满游魂的地方
Afieldinhabitedbywanderingsouls
∙6.Styx冥河
AriverinHadesacrosswhichCharonferriedthesoulsofthedead.
∙7.Hubris过分骄傲
Overbearingprideorpresumption.
∙8.Satyr森林之神,好色的人
SatyrsareatroopofmalecompanionsofPanandDionysus.Inmythstheyareoftenassociatedwithpipe-playing
∙9.Maenad酒神的女祭司,异常激动的女人
Oftenthemaenadswereportrayedasinspiredbyhimintoastateofecstaticfrenzy,throughacombinationofdancinganddrunkenintoxication.Inthisstate,theywouldloseallself-control.
∙10.Narcissism自恋
Narcissusisamanwhowasrenownedforhisbeauty.Hewasexceptionallyproud,inthathedisdainedthosewholovedhim.NemesissawthisandattractedNarcissustoapoolwherehesawhisownreflectioninthewaterandfellinlovewithit,notrealizingitwasmerelyanimage.Unabletoleavethebeautyofhisreflection,Narcissusdied.
∙11.Harpy鹰身女妖
Halfwoman,halfbird;viciouswingedmonster;oftendepictedasabirdwiththeheadofawoman
∙12.Xenia好客
XeniaistheGreekconceptofhospitality,orgenerosityandcourtesyshowntothosewhoarefarfromhome.
∙13.Dionysia酒神节
(inancientGreece)festivalsofthegodDionysus,anorgiasticfestivalinancientGreeceinhonorofDionysus
∙14.Aegis羊皮盾(宙斯及其女儿雅典娜所持的帝盾)
AshieldholdbyAthena.
Underone’saegismeansdoingsomethingundertheprotectionofapowerful,knowledgeable,orbenevolentsource.
15.Metamorphosis变形,变质
Apersonorthingdevelopsandchangesintosomethingcompletelydifferent.(变形acompletechangeofphysicalformorsubstanceespeciallyasbymagicorwitchcraft.)
∙16.Demigod半人半神
Alessimportantgod,especiallyonewhoishalfgodandhalfhuman.
∙17.Centaur人首马身的动物,半人马
Acreaturewiththehead,arms,andchestofaman,andthebodyandlegsofahorse.(Inclassicalmythology,acentaurisacreaturewiththehead,arms,andbodyofaman,andthebodyandlegsofahorse.)
∙18.TheDeucalionFlood
Aphrodite'smagicgirdlewasagoldengirdlethatcausedmenandgodstofallhopelesslyinlovewithher.(ZeusvisitedArcadiaandThessaly,anddislikedthedeadlywrongsofmen.Hedecidedtocleartheearthofthemall.WithouthesitationhereleasedtherainysouthwindandcalledupontheheartlessPoseidontohelp.Soonthewholeworldsankinavastocean,andtheentirehumanracedisappearedintheunheardofflood,allbuttwopoorThessalians.)
Section5:
Essayquestions15%(3)
∙Unit1:
Examplesofmythologicalaccountsexplainingtheexplainable.
UranuslayuponGaiaandmadelovetoherwithoutstop.(Theinterplaybetweenrainandsoilthatmakesplantscometolifeandgrow.)
HumanBeingsfashionedfromclay
GodsandheroesdescendingintotheUndergroundinthewestandemergingintheEast.(SunrisesintheEastandsetsintheWest.)
PersephonelivedthreemonthsintheUndergroundwithherhusbandandreturnedtolivewithhermotherDemeterfortherestofyear.(Thereturnofspringafterwinter.)
Eros,equippedwithhissharpandbluntarrows,bringsaboutmanytragediesofhumanlove.(Freud’stheoryaboutloveorsexasthemostfundamentaldrivefromhumans.)
∙Unit2:
Similaritiesbetween“thefirstwoman”intheGreek(Pandora)andChristiancreationmyth(Eve)
Evewastheinstigatoroftbewholeaffair,forthroughherbeautyandherwilessheseducedAdamtotasteoftheforbiddenfruit.
"Womanislikeanapple,lovelywithout,rottenwithin."
Evewasluredbythesnake.Pandorawasdrivenbyhercuriosity.Theirbehaviorscausedevilandplaguestohuman-beings.
∙Unit3:
ReasonsthatancientGreekstendtodepictZeusasapromiscuousman,anunfaithfulhusband?
Zeus’fatalWeaknesses:
anuncontrollablelustforsexualdrive
Thisshowstheanthropomorphism.Theancientemperorsusuallyhadmanylovers,sotheGreeksdepictZeusasapromiscuousman.ThisalsoshowstheancientGreeks’imaginationforaman.Reproductionisblessing.
∙Unit4:
SymbolicmeaningofOliveTreeintheGreekstoryandHolyBible
WhenPoseidona
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