联考英语强化阅读教材.docx
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联考英语强化阅读教材.docx
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联考英语强化阅读教材
在职硕士全国联考阅读理解
主讲:
武峰
欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材
2002年
PartⅡ ReadingComprehension (70minutes,40points)
Directions:
Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachofthepassagesisfollowedby4questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWER$HEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
PassageOne
IntheUnitedStatesthewaypeoplespendtheirleisuretimeisanimportantpartoftheiridentity.Perhapseverybodydoesnearlythesamethingalldayintheofficeorthefactory,butleisuretimeiswhatmakespeopledistinctandrevealswhotheyare.Somepeoplelikerockmusic,forexample,andothersmaylikejazzorclassicalmusic.Somepeoplearerunnersorswimmers,andothersare“couch(睡椅)potatoes”who“surf”thetelevisionchannelswitharemotecontrol.Somegotomuseumswhileothersspendlonghoursatashoppingcenter.Thesekindsofchoicesarewaysthatpeopledefinethemselves.
Ithasn'talwaysbeenthisway.“Leisuretime”wasalmostunknownintheUnitedStatesintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies.Whenmostpeopleworkedonfarms,theworkdaywasfromsunrisetosunseteverydayexceptSunday,whichwasdevotedtochurch.Later,withtheriseoffactoriesandcitypopulations,peopleworkedequallylonghoursandhadonlySundayforrests.Somepeopledidmanyofthethingsthenthattheydonow-attendconcerts,haveparties,gotorestaurants,readnovels,orplaysports-buttoamuchlesserextent.
Slowly,throughoutthetwentiethcentury,leisuretimegrew.Technologymadefarmworklessburdensome,andchangesinlawsshortenedthefactoryworkdayandweek.Newinventionssuchasphonograph(留声机)andtheradiogavepeopleaccesstomusicandmassentertainmentonascaleunknownbefore.Peoplegraduallybecameconsumersofentertainment,andbusinessescompetedfiercelyfortheirdollars.
Formanypeopleleisuretimemeansgoingsomewhere-toamuseum,toaconcert,toarestaurant,ortoabaseballgame,forexample.Oritmeansdoingsomethingsuchasplayingvolleyball,backpacking,swimming,biking,orplayinginaparkwiththeirchildren.Forotherpeoplefreetimemeansstayinghomewithwonderfulsourcesofentertainment,suchasaVCR,stereo(立体声系统),orcableTVwithdozensofchannels.Otherspursuecreativeactivitiessuchascooking,gardening,andhomeimprovement.Thelateststay-at-homeactivityis“surfingthenet”-thatis,lookingforinformationandentertainmentontheInternet.
PeopleintheUnitedStatesarebasicallynotmuchdifferentfromothersinwhattheydointheirleisuretime.Therealdifferencemaylieintheenergy,time,money,andsheerenthusiasmthattheydevotetoit.
21.“Couchpotatoes”inparagraph1referstothosewho
A.controltheirviewingofTVprograms
B.arehappywatchingsituationcomedies
C.watchTVwhileeatingpotatochips
D.arecrazyaboutwatchingTVprograms
22.Accordingtothepassage,intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,someAmericans______
A.workedfromsunrisetosunsetsevendaysaweek
B.preferredworkinginfactoriestoworkingonfarms
C.hadmanyoftheleisuretimeactivitiesthatpeoplenowhave
D.foughtforshorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime
23.Apartfromtechnology,thegrowingleisuretimethroughoutthetwentiethcenturyisalsodueto
A.changesinlaws B.massentertainment
C.newtypesofconsumption D.competitivebusiness
24.Intermsofleisuretimeactivities,peopleintheUnitedStates________
A.enjoyalargervarietythanpeopleinothercountries
B.arenotmuchdifferentfrompeopleinothercountries
C.enjoymorestay-at-homeactivitiessuchas“surfingthenet”
D.arelessenergeticandenthusiasticthanothers
PassageTwo
Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)guardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.
Itisestimatedthatwithinthenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!
Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?
Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.Don'tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoidusingyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker(黑客)。
Inaddition,ifpossible,don'tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.
So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?
Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digitandpunctuation(标点)symbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?
Onesourcesays,“Amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”
Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?
Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornotbe”couldbecome“2B/not2B.”
Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High?
Bug”or“Song;Tree”。
Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinfor-mationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:
Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don'tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.
25.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.
B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.
C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.
D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.
26.Whyshouldn'tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?
A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.
B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.
C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.
D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.
27.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?
A.iaHgnahs B.19730508 C.2B/not2B D.Re-B,pl2
28.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?
A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.
B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.
C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.
D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.
PassageThree
Accordingtoaconcerned1997articleintheBostonGlobe,theUnitedStatesspentlessthanonepercentofitstransportationbudgetonfacilitiesforpedestrians(行人)。
Actually,I'msurpriseditwasthatmuch.Gotoalmostanysuburbdevelopedinthelast30years,andyouwillnotfindasidewalkanywhere.Oftenyouwon'tfindasinglepedestriancrossing.
IwasmadefullyawareofthisonesummerwhenweweredrivingacrossMaineandstoppedforcoffeeinoneofthoseendlesszonesofshoppingmalls(购物中心),motels,gasstationsandfast-foodplaces.Inoticedtherewasabookstoreacrossthestreet;soIdecidedtoforgetcoffeeandgotheretohavealook.
Althoughthebookshopwasnomorethan70or80feetaway,Idiscoveredthattherewasnowaytocrossoversixlanesofswiftlymovingtrafficonfootwithoutputtingmyselfindanger.Intheend,Ihadtogetinourcaranddrivecross.
Atthetime,itseemedridiculousandannoying,butafterwardIrealizedthatIwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohavethoughtofcrossingthestreetonfoot.
Thefactis,wenotonlydon'twalkanywhereanymoreinthiscountry,wewon'twalkanywhere,anddislikeanyonewhotriestomakeus,asthecityofLaconia,N.H.discovered.Intheearly1970s,Laconiaspentmillionsonacomprehensiveurbanrenewalproject,whichincludedbuildingapedestrianmalltomakeshoppingmorepleasant.Esthetically(美学上)itwasatriumph——urbanplannerscamefromallovertopraiseandtakephotos——butcommerciallyitwasadisaster.Forcedtowalkonewholeblockfromaparkinggarage,shoppersabandoneddowntownLaconiaforsuburbanmalls.
In1994Laconiadugupitsprettypavingblocks,tookawaytheflowersanddecorativetrees,andbroughtbackthecars.Nowpeoplecanparkrightinfrontofthestoresagain,anddowntownLaconiathrivesagain.
Andifthatisn'tsaid,Idon'tknowwhatis.
29.Inparagraph1,'Tmsurpriseditwasthatmuch“meanstheauthorsthinks_ _
A.thegovernmentspendstoomuchonfacilitiesforpedestrian
B.thegovernmentspeedsjustenoughonfacilitiesforpedestrian
C.theamountismorethanhehasexpected
D.theamountislessthanhewasexpected
30.InMainetheauthorhadtodrivetoabookstore70or80feetawaybecause_ _
A.itwaspracticallyimpossibleforhimtocrossthestreetonfoot
B.thestreetwasactuallytoobroadtocrossonfoot
C.itwasagainstthetrafficregulationstocrossthestreetonfoot
D.noonehaseverwalkedacrosssuchacrowdedstreet
31.Accordingtotheauthor,mostAmericans__
A.don'tcaremuchaboutthelackoffacilitiesforpedestrian
B.
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