化学专业英语复习汇编.docx
- 文档编号:26719972
- 上传时间:2023-06-22
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:1.90MB
化学专业英语复习汇编.docx
《化学专业英语复习汇编.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《化学专业英语复习汇编.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
化学专业英语复习汇编
REVIEW
I.Choosethebestanswer(20points,2pointsforeach)
1.Whatisaminobenzenemostcommonlyknownas?
(D)
A.quinolineB.tolueneC.IndoleD.aniline
2.SulfurintheformofSO2obtainedintheroastingof___B____oresisrecoveredandconvertedtosulfuricacid?
A.sulfateB.sulfideC.sulfaneD.sulfite
II.Nomenclature
PartA:
NamethefollowingcompoundsinEnglish(16points,2pointsforeach)
(1)一氧化碳
(2))氢氧化铜(3)氯化钠
PartB:
TranslatethefollowingcompoundsintoChinese.(14points,1pointforeach)
(1)silverfluoride
(2)mercurynitrateHg(NO3)2
(3)Nickelsulfate(4)potassiumhydroxide
III.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese(5%foreachanswer)
Pickthesizeofyourseparatory(分液漏斗)funnel.Youwillusuallyuse125or250-mL,largescalereactions(大型反应)(1–10g)canrequire500-mLor1-Lsizes.Rememberthatyoursep.funnelwillcontainthesolventandwashliquidwhichmustbethoroughly(彻底)mixed.
Ⅳ.Writeachemicalequationrepresentingeachofthefollowingreactionandcalculate(10%foralltheanswers)
Writeachemicalequationrepresentingeachofthefollowing:
(a)Solidaluminumsulfidereactswithliquidwatertogivesolidaluminumhydroxideandgaseoushydrogensulfide.
(b)Gaseousozonereactswithgaseousnitrogenmonoxidetoproducegaseousnitrogendioxideandgaseousoxygen.
(c)Gaseousnitrogenreactswithgaseoushydrogenat400℃and250atmpressureinthepresenceofFeOasacatalysttoyieldgaseousammonia.
Ⅴ.ReadtheAbstractandthenanswerthequestions:
(20%foralltheanswers)
Title:
ReductiveAdsorptionofGold(III)byCrosslinkedLignophenol
Author:
PARAJULID,INOUEK,KURIYAMAM,FUNAOKAM,MAKINOK*
Towhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed.E-mail:
km@
Abstract:
Theadsorptionbehaviorofacrosslinkedlignophenol(木质素酚)gelforvariousmetalionsfromchloridemediumwasinvestigated.Thegel(凝胶)wasfoundtobeonlyeffective(有效)fortheadsorption(吸附作用)ofAu(III)fromweaktostrongacidicmedium(酸性媒介).TheanalysisofXRD-specrumandSEM-imagesoftheadsorbentafteradsorptionrevealedtheformationofelementalgoldbythereductionoftheAu(III)ion.Sucharesultispromisingforthedevelopmentofarecoverysystemforgoldfromvariousindustrialwastes.
(1)Whatdothewords“Reductiveadsorption”(还原吸附),“adsorbent”(吸附剂)and“recovery”(回收)meaninthisabstract?
(6%fortheanswer)
(2)Whataretheapplicationsfortheadsorptionofacrosslinkedlignophenol(木质素酚)gelinthispaper?
(4%fortheanswer)
(3)Whatarethetwoanalyticalmethodsmentionedinthisabstract?
(6%fortheanswer)
(4)Whoarethefirstauthorandcorrespondingauthorinthispaperandhowcanyoucontactwiththem?
(4%fortheanswer)
SuffixPrefix
-ide-化-per-/hypo-高/次
-ite亚盐mono-(monocycle)一
-ate正盐di-(bicycle)二
-ous亚酸tri-(tricycle/triangle)三
-ic正酸tetra-(tetragon/quadrangle)四
penta-(pentagon)五
hexa-(hexagon)六
hepta-(heptagon)七
octa-(octopus/octagon)八
nona-(nonagon)九
deca-(decade/decagon)十
Mono=1Di=2Tri=3Tetra=4Penta=5
Hexa=6Hepta=7Octa=8Nona=9Deca=10
N2O5dinitrogenpentoxide
N2O4dinitrogentetroxide
N2O3dinitrogentrioxide
N2O2dinitrogendioxide
N2Odinitrogenoxide
NO2nitrogendioxide
NOnitrogenoxide
Exceptionsthatusetheideendings
hydroxide(OH-),cyanide(CN-),ammonium(NH4+)
NH4Iammoniumiodide(NH3H2Oammonia)
KCNpotassiumcyanide
Ca(OH)2calciumhydroxide
NaOHsodiumhydroxide
Fe(OH)2iron(II)hydroxide/ferroushydroxide
Fe(OH)3iron(III)hydroxide/ferrichydroxide
Cu(OH)2copper(II)hydroxide/cuprichydroxide
Cu(OH)copper(I)hydroxide/cuproushydroxide
FeSO3iron(II)/ferroussulfiteFe2(SO3)3iron(III)/ferricsulfite
FeSO4iron(II)/ferroussulfateFe2(SO4)3iron(III)/ferricsulfate
HClhydrochloricacidNaClOsodiumhypochlorite
HClOhypochlorousacidNaClO2sodiumchlorite
HClO2chlorousacidNaClO3sodiumchlorate
HClO3chloricacidNaClO4sodiumperchlorate
HClO4perchloricacid
potassiumbromatesodiumhydrogenphosphate,anhydrous(无水)
sodiumthiosulfateperchloricacid
ferrichydroxideammoniumparatungstate(偏钨酸铵)
rareearthoxalate(RE草酸)hydroiodicacid(氢碘酸HI)
divanadiumpentoxide(五氧化二磷)carbontetrafluoride
cuproussulfidetetraphosphorushexaoxide
sodiumtetraboratemercurouschloride
potassiumfluorosilicate(氟硅酸钾)hydrogenperoxide
calciumhypochloriteammoniumferricsulfate(硫酸铁铵)
mercuricsulfocyanidesodiumbicarbonate
Namethefollowingcompounds
hydrochloricacid(氢氯酸,盐酸,HCl)ferrousoxide
magnesiumchloridepotassiumpermanganate(高锰酸钾,KMnO4)
silversulfideammoniumnitritehydrogendioxidecalciumphosphate
lead(II)sufatesodiumbicarbonatechromiumhydroxidehypochlorousacid
isooctane异辛烷
CH3-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3
(2,2,4-trimethylpentane)
Cprimary(伯)Csecondary(仲)Ctertiary(叔)Cquarternary(季)
neobuane正丁烷
1Nomenclatureforunsaturatedhydrocarbons
C6H4(CH3)2dimethylbenzene/xylene(o-,m-,p-)
o-(ortho)邻1,2-dimethylbenzene/o-xylene
m-(meta)间1,3-dimethylbenzene/m-xylene
p-(para)对1,4-dimethylbenzene/p-xylene
Note:
C6H5-phenyl
C6H5CH2-benzyl
Givetheformulas(orchinesenames)ofthefollowingcompounds
(1)potassiumhydrogencarbonate
(2)cupricsulfide
(3)sodiumchlorous(亚氯酸钠)(4)periodicacid
(5)1,3-pentadiene(6)butylpentanoate
(7)methoxybenzene(8)propanal
(9)polytetrafluoroethylene
-graph描绘器,记录器
photograph,chromatograph,telegraph
-graphy
(1)图示法,画法,写法
chromatography,photography,calligraphy,telegraphy
(2)记,志
biography,geography,bibliography
-scope观察的仪器,…镜
microscope,specroscope(spectromicroscope),telescope
-scopy观察,检验
spectroscopy,microscopy,telescopy
-meter计量器,计,表
thermometer,spectrometer,gravimeter,colorimeter,telemeter
metry测量(学),度量(学)
thermometry,gravimetry,colorimetry,volumetry,iodimetry
titrimetricanalysis滴定分析instrumentalanalysis仪器分析
(1)AAS:
atomicabsorptionspectroscopy(原子吸收光谱法)
(2)AES:
atomicemissionspectroscopy(原子发射光谱法)
(3)AFS:
atomicfluorescencespectroscopy(原子荧光光谱法)
(4)FTIR:
Fourier-transforminfraredspectroscopy(红外光谱)
(5)NMR:
nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy(核磁共振光谱)
(6)GC:
gaschromatography(气相色谱法)
(7)HPLC:
high-performanceliquidchromatography(高效液相色谱法)
(8)ICP-MS:
inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectroscopy(电感耦合等离子体质谱)
(9)UV-VIS:
ultraviolet-visiblespectroscopy(紫外—可见光谱)
(10)TEM:
transmissionelectronmicroscopy(透射电子显微镜)
(11)SEM:
scanningelectronmicroscopy(扫描电子显微镜)
(12)XRD:
X-raydiffraction(X射线衍射)
Practice
(1)二氧化碳
(2)氢氧化铜(3)氯酸(4)高锰酸银(AgMnO4)
(5)二甲醚(6)乙酸(7)溴苯(8)甲酸甲酯
(1)carbondioxide
(2)copper(Ⅱ)hydroxide
(3)chloricacid(氯酸)(4)silverpermanganate
(5)dimethyl(methyl)ether(6)ethanoicacid
(7)bromobenzene(8)methylmethanoate(formate)
(1)ironoxide
(2)mercurynitrate
(3)Nickelsulfide(4)calciumphosphide
(5)zincoxide(6)magnesiumnitride
(7)hydrogenperoxide(8)ethylcyclohexane
(9)1,4-pentadiene(10)nitrobenzene
(11)1,2,3-propanetriol(12)4-hydroxydiphenylether
(13)o-dibromobenzene(14)3-ethyl-6-methyl-2,6-octadiene
(1)Fe2O3
(2)HgNO3
(3)NiS(4)Ca3P2
(5)ZnO(6)Mg3N2
(7)H2O2(8)乙基环己烷
(9)1,4-戊二烯(10)硝基苯
(11)甘油(12)4-羟基二苯醚
(13)邻二溴苯(14)6-甲基-3-乙基-2,6-辛二烯
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese(5%foreachanswer)
Unsaturatedunbranchedacyclichydrocarbonshavingonedoublebondarenamedbyreplacingtheending“ane”ofthenameofthecorrespondingsaturatedhydrocarbonwiththeending“ene”.Iftherearetwoormoredoublebonds,theendingwillbe“adiene”,“atriene”,etc.
含一个双键的不饱和直连脂肪烃命名时用“ene”作为结尾替代相应的饱和烃结尾字母“ane”,如有两个或多个双键,则以二烯“adiene”和三烯“atrience”结尾。
Growingandburningmanybiofuelsmayactuallyraiseratherthanlowergreenhousegasemissions,anewstudyledbyNobelprize-winningchemistPaulCrutzenhasshown.ThefindingscomeinthewakeofarecentOECDreport,whichwarnednationsnottorushheadlongintogrowingenergycropsbecausetheycausefoodshortagesanddamagebiodiversity.
生物燃料作物的持续扩种与推广使用事实上可能增加而不是减少了温室气体的排放,这一结论出自由诺贝尔奖获得者化学家PaulCrutzen主持的一项最新研究。
这是继经济合作与发展组织(OECD)最近发布的一份建议慎重发展生物燃料的报告后发表的又一份相关研究,OECD在那份报告中警告各国不要急于继续大力扶持生物燃料作物,因为它们这样做可能会引发粮食短缺,并破坏生物多样性。
Dalton’satomictheory,andthevariousempiricallawsthatithelpedtoexplain,setthestageforavigorousgrowthinchemicalexperimentationduringtheearlypartofthenineteenthcentury.Asthebodyofchemicalobservationsgrew,andthelistofknownelementsexpanded,attemptsweremadetofindregularitiesinchemicalbehavior.Theseeffortsculminatedinthedevelopmentoftheperiodictablein1869.
道尔顿的原子理论以及各种帮助我们解释实验现象的经验定律为19世纪早期急剧增长的化学实验奠定了基础。
随着化学观察内容的增长,已知元素名单的扩展,人们尝试着寻找这些化学行为的规律性。
这些努力积累成1869年周期表的形成。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 化学 专业 英语 复习 汇编