国际实物配送outcome2.docx
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国际实物配送outcome2.docx
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国际实物配送outcome2
Technicalreport1---InternationalTransportModes
Table–Internationaltransportmodes
Mode
Totalmodecost
Costperpallet
Transittime
Modeadvantages
Modedisadvantages
Sea
£620
£24.8
7days
1.lowestexpenseoffreight.
2.largequantities.
3.longdistance
1.slowest
2.vulnerabletobadweather
3.lesspunctual
4.highrisk
Air
£1265
£253
4hours
1.improveefficiencyoperations
2.increasesecurity
3.useinformationtechnology
4.fasterspeed
1.hightotalcost
2.theweightlimit
3.nottoofarfromtheairport
Rail
£1275
£51
2days
1.largecapacity
2.relativelypunctual
3.economical
4.relativelyhighspeed
5.lesspronetointerruptionsbyproowether
1.confinedtorailroad
2.lessflexible
Directroad
£1350
£67.5
3days
1.betterforshort-shipped
2.flxibleandconvenient
1.smallcapacity
2.hightransportcost
3.highrateofgoodsdamage
4.disruptedbyweather
Multi-mode
£1185
£47.4
7daysand18hours
1.reducehandingofcargo
2.permitdoor-to-doorservice
3.reducetheriskofpilferagewithsubsequentsavingsoninsurancepremiums
4.quickertransittimes
5.enablethequotationofthroughratestothedistance
1.investmentcostarehigh
2.notallcargoissuitableforcontainersation
TheExplanationofData
Sea:
thetotalcostis£620,thisisbecauseoftheseatransportis40ftcontainercarrying25palletsandthepriceis£620percontainer. Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£620/25=£24.8.Thetransittimeis7daysinthebasicdata.
Air:
thetotalcostis£1265,thisisbecauseoftheairwillbebyairplanecargohold,atmaximumoffivepalletandthepriceis£1265per5pallets.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1265/5=£253.Thetransittimeis4hours.
Rail:
Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet.Thusthecostperpallet=£1275/25=£51.Thetransittimeis2days.thetotalmodecostis£1275,thisisduetothattherailtransportwillbeby40ftcontainercarrying25pallets,thusthepriceis£1275.
Directroad:
thetotalmodecostequalto£1350,thepriceis£1350perflatbedcontainerlorryandthedirectroadwillbebycurtainsiderigidlorrycarrying20pallets.Thusthetotalmodecostis£1350.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1350/20=£67.5,thetransmittimeis3days.
Multi-mode:
firstofall,thepriceis£125fromtheMilanGlassWorkstoGenoaCalata,addtheseamode£620andtherailcost£295,then,addtheroadformCoatbridgeRailporttoKirriemuirBottling,thecostis£145.ThusTotalmodecost=£125+£620+£295+£145=£1185.Totalpallet=25.Thetotalmodecost=£1185/25=£47.4.Thetime=6hours+7days+5hours+7hours=7daysand18hours.thetotalcostequalto£1185.
Technicalreport2---Consignmentdeliveryterms
Table-Incotermsandtheirdefinition
Initial
Incoterm
Description
EXW
ExWorks(namedplaceofdelivery)
Thebuyerisresponsibleforuploading.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.EXWmeansthatasellerhasthegoodsreadyforcollectionathispremisesonthedatagreetupon.Thebuyerpaysalltransportationcostsandalsobearstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Thesellerdoesn’tloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesn’tclearthemforexport.
FCA
FreeCarrier(namedplaceofdelivery)
Atradetermrequiringthesellertodelivergoodstoanamedairport,terminal,orotherplacewherethecarrieroperates.Costfortransportationandriskoflosstransfertothebuyerafterdelivertothecarrier.Thesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedthegoodsover,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplace.Whenusedintradeterms,theword“free”meansthesellerhasanobligationtodelivergoodstoanamedplacefortransfertocarrier.
CPT
CarriagePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)
Theriskofdamageorlosstothegoodsbeingtransportedistransferredfromthesellertothebuyerassoonasthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrier.Thesellerisresponsibleonlyforarrangingfreighttothedestination,andnotforinsuringthegoodsshipmentwhenitisbeingtransported.Ithasbeendesignedtosuittheneedsofmodembusiness.
CIP
CarriageandInsurancePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)
Itreferstothatthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrierorfirstcarrierandpayforthecarriageofgoodsuptothenamedplaceofdestination.Meanwhile,thesellermustobtaintheinsuranceforthegoodswhileittransit.Afterthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrier,theriskwilltransmittobuyer.
DAT
DeliveredatTerminal(namedplaceofdestination)
Itmeansthesellercoversallthecostsoftransportsuchastheexportfees,carriage,unloadingfrommaincarrieratdestinationportanddestinationportcharges.meanwhile,itmustassumesallriskuntildestinationportorterminal.TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreightinterchange.Importduty/taxes/customscostsaretobebornebyBuyer.Theriskistransmittobuyerwhenthebuyercontrolthegoods.
DAP
Deliveredatplace(namedplaceofdestination)
Referstothesellertoshipthegoodswithinthespecifieddestination,needtoprepareforunloadingwithoutunloadingthecompletedeliverytermreferringtothearrivalofvehiclesincludingships,includingdestinationport,thesellershallbearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsshippedtothespecifieddestinationandcharges(exceptimportcharges)thistermappliestoanymodeoftransportationandmilti-modetransportbysea.
DDP
DeliveredDutyPaid(namedplaceofdestination)
ItmeanstheSellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.Whenthesellercompletethedeliverinthenamedplaceofdestination,therisktransmittobuyer.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationsonthesellerandminimumobligationsonthebuyer
Explanation:
Incoterms2010 istheeighthsetofpre-definedinternationalcontracttermspublishedbythe InternationalChamberofCommerce.Itinclude11terms,suchastheEXW,FCA,FAS,FOB,CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP,DAP,DATandDDP.Thesetermsimprovetheefficiencyofinternationaltradeandsimplifytheprocessandstages.
Thepreviousversion,therulesaredividedintofourcategories,but11incoterms2010predefinedtermsbasedonthedeliverymethodonlycanbedividedintotwocategories.Therulesofalargergroupofseven(g7)canbeinformsThechoppedofThemethodoftransmission,andasmallgroupoffourappliesonlytoThesales,onlyinvolvesThetransportofwatercanverifyTheconditionofThegoodsTheloadedonboardTheship.Theythereforeisnot2forcontainertransportation.
Table–Allocationsofcostbuyer/selleraccordingtoIncoterms2010
Explanation:
EXWisexfactory(placeofdelivery).Wheretheword'sbiggestobligationtothebuyerandtheseller'sminimumobligations.Thebuyerwillpaythecostofmanyparts,suchastheexportdeclaration,transportation,portofexport,etc.
FCAisfreecarrier(designatedplaceofdelivery),thesellerisresponsiblefortheshipment,thecarrierofthebuyer,thebuyerisresponsibleforunloadingandloadingthegoodstothecarrier.Whenthegoodsdeliveredtothecarrier,theriskwilltransferthebuyer.
TheCPTiscarriagepaidto(destination)isresponsiblefortheoriginoftheshippercostincludestransportationexportcustomsclearanceandfreightnamedplace(usuallyadestinationportorairport).Theshipperisnotresponsiblefordeliverytothefinaldestination(usuallythebuyer'sfacilities),ortobuyinsurance.
CIPisthefreightandinsurancepaidto(designateddestination),thesellerisresponsibleformost,suchastheexportcustomsdeclarationform,loadingandunloadingchargesattheportofimportandexport.Insuranceistheresponsibilityoftheseller.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.
ThedeliveryDATisterminal(designateddestination),theselleristocoverallshippingcostssuchasexportcharges,transportation,unloadingfromthemaincarrierattheportofdestinationandthedestinationportcost.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.
Bounceis(specifythedestinationofdelivery),thesellerisresponsibleforarrangingtransportationanddeliveryofgoods,fromtraffictoolsreadyatdischarge,atthespecifiedplace.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.
DDPdeliverydutypaid(designateddestination),thesellerisresponsibleforthegoodssenttothedesignatedplaceinChinabuyers,thegoodstothedestinationandpayallfeesincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Wheretheword'slargestresponsibilityonthesellerandthebuyerminimumobligation.
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3.0Technicalreport3---Consolidationandgroupagearrangements
Chart–Consolidationandgroupagearrangements
Definitionof
Groupage
Tofillawholeboxofgoodsreceipts.Thiskindofgoodsusuallybythecarrier,respectively,inlandfreightandincontainerfreightstationorfreightstation,andthenwillbemorethantwoticketcargoinacontainer,alsowanttostandatthedestinationofinlandcontainerdepotordevanningdeliveryrespectively.Forthiskingofgoods,thecarriershouldaffordtoboxingandunboxingoperations,loadingdevanningfeest
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- 国际 实物 配送 outcome2