考研英语基础班词汇讲义李伟.docx
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考研英语基础班词汇讲义李伟.docx
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考研英语基础班词汇讲义李伟
2013届考研英语词汇基础讲义
EnglishVocabularyinComprehensionPeriod
1.考研英语词汇总述(怎么考)----------------------------------------------2
2.考研词汇说文解字(怎么学)----------------------------------------------3
3.考研词汇综合应用(怎么用)---------------------------------------------7
4.附录:
考研英语题源资料推荐--------------------------------------------13
重复是记忆之母,理解是记忆之父。
NETEM☆2013
李伟
1.考研英语词汇总述(怎么考)
1.1英语作为外语(EFL)词汇学习介绍
艾宾浩斯记忆与遗忘曲线
1.2词汇学习误区
※死记硬背;
※只记字面意思,忽视单词的其他意义;
※单一的记忆方法;
※词汇记忆缺少主次之分;
※词典工具书使用不当。
1.3考研词汇考查方式与学习策略
※二元单词学习法;
※语义场学习法;
※基于文本学习法;
※基于构词法学习法。
2.考研词汇说文解字(怎么学)
2.1精选词缀
第一辑:
表示否定
第二辑:
一正一邪
第三辑:
一前一后
第四辑:
上上下下
第五辑:
由远及近
第一辑表示否定
用法
前缀名称
单词举例
表
示
否
定
un-
unlock,unwilling
non-
non-stop,non-smoker
in-
inadequate,infamous
im-
immature,immortal
ir-
irregular,irrelevant
il-
illegal,illiterate
ig-
ignorant,ignoble
dis-
disable,disbelieve
di-
differ,divert
de-
defrost,denuclearization
mis-
misfortune,misunderstanding
mal-
malfunction,malnutrition
ab-
abnormal
a-
atypical,apolitical,amoral
anti-
antisocial
under-
under-nutrition
第二辑一正一邪
用法
前缀名称
单词举例
一
正
pro-
=
forward
progress
propose
一
邪
de-
=
down,downward
degrade
depreciate
degeneration
destruction
第三辑一前一后
用法
前缀名称
单词举例
一
前
pre-
=
before
preschool
prefer
precaution
一
后
re-
=
again,back
renew
revive
refresh
第四辑上上下下
用法
前缀名称
单词举例
上
上
over-
=above,across,beyond
overestimate
overburden
overcrowded
super-/sur-/sop-/sove-
=above,over
superstructure
superior
surplus
下
下
sub-
=under
subtitle
subway
under-
=under
underestimate
under-abundant
第五辑由远及近
用法
前缀名称
单词举例
由
远
及
近
tele-=faroff
television,telescope
inter-/enter-/intel-
=between,among
interfere,international
ex-/e-
=out(of)
exit,external,eject
com-/con-/co-/cor-/col-
=together
co-operation,coordinate
em-/en-
=in/into,make/give
enclose,enlarge,enrich
in-/im-
=in,into,on
include,indoor,intake
per-
=through,away
perpetual,
persist,perennial
2.2精选词根
第一辑:
千言万语
第二辑:
看书识字
第三辑:
自己动手
第四辑:
来来往往
第五辑:
明知故放
第六辑:
川流不息
第七辑:
手到擒来
第八辑:
其他词根
第一辑千言万语
1.claim,clam=cry,shout喊叫
【例词】exclaim:
呼喊,惊叫
2.dict=say言,说,也作dic
【例词】contradict:
反驳,同…相矛盾,与…相抵触
3.log=speak言,说;另注:
logu=speak
【例词】eloquent:
有口才的,雄辩的,有说服力的
第二辑看书识字
4.spect=look看;也作spic,spec
【例词】retrospect:
回顾,追溯
5.vis,vid=see看
【例词】invisible:
看不见的
6.gram=write,draw写,画,文字,图形,也作graph
【例词】telegram:
电报
7.liter=letter文字,字母
【例词】illiteracy:
不识字,文盲,未受教育,无知
第三辑自己动手
8.ag=do,act做,动
【例词】agent:
代理人
9.fact=do,make做;也作fac,fec
【例词】manufacture:
制造,加工
10.mob=move动
【例词】immobile:
不动的,固定的
11.oper=work工作
【例词】co-operate:
合作,协作
第四辑来来往往
12.ced=go行走,也作ceed,cess
【例词】intercession:
居间调停,调解,说情
13.cept=take拿,取
【例词】intercept:
截取,截击,拦截,截断
14.cur,curs,cour,cours=run跑
【例词】incursion:
进入,侵入,入侵,侵犯
15.fer=bring,carry带,拿
【例词】transfer:
转移,传递,转让
16.gress=go,walk行走
【例词】retrogress:
后退,退步,退化
17.it=go行走
【例词】exit:
出口,退出,太平门
18.port=carry拿,带,运
【例词】transportation:
运送,运输,客运,货运
19.ven=come来
【例词】intervene:
干预,干涉,介入
第五辑明知故放
20.cogn=know知道
【例词】cognition:
认识,认知
21.sci=know知
【例词】conscious:
有意识的,自觉的
22.pon=put放置
【例词】postpone:
退后,推迟,延期
23.pos=put放置
【例词】expose:
揭露,揭发,使…暴露
第六辑川流不息
24.flu=flow流
【例词】superfluous:
过剩的,多余的
25.fus=pour灌,流,倾泻
【例词】transfuse:
移注,灌输,输(血)
第七辑手到擒来
26.hibit=hold拿,持,握
【例词】exhibit:
展出,展览,陈列,展示
27.tain,ten,tin=hold握,持,守
【例词】maintain:
保持,保存,维持
第八辑其他词根
28.ann=year年,也作enn
【例词】anniversary:
周年纪念日,周年纪念
29.bell=war战争
【例词】rebel:
反叛,反抗
30.brev=short短
【例词】abbreviation:
缩写,缩短,节略,缩写词
31.clar=clear清楚,明白
【例词】clarify:
讲清楚,阐明,澄清
32.cord=heart心
【例词】discord:
不一致,不协调,不和
33.liber=free自由
【例词】liberate:
解放,使获自由,释放
34.miss=send投,送,发;也作mit,mis
【例词】transmit:
传送,播送,发送
35.nomin=name名
【例词】nominate:
提名,任命
36.tract=draw拉,抽,引
【例词】tractor:
拖拉机
37.vac=empty空,也作vacu
【例词】evacuate:
撤走,疏散,撤离
3.考研词汇综合应用—怎么用
【真题应用示范】
冷僻词汇
1.同位释义
Euthanasia,oftencalledmercykilling,hasnowbeeninpracticeinsomecountriesevenifitisstillacontroversy.
Obesity,orfatness,hasbecomeaglobalepidemicaffectingthelivesandhealthofmillionsofpeople.
About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.
2.逻辑释义
Onpassingthroughtheprism,therayoflightwastransformedintoarowofsevencolors:
red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,andviolet.
JanewastalkingwithothersallthetimewhileElizaremainedreticentallthetime.
Stonesareabetterconductorofheatthansoil.Orputitanotherway,soilisabetterinsulatorthanrock.
Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.
Sheisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye.
3.偏正释义
Theexplorersdecidedthatthiswasafossilofanextinctanimalthatoncelivedbutdoesnotexistnow.
4.近义释义
Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal(fatherly)wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe’sthekid’sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellout$30forpaternitytestingkit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.
…paternityandkinshiptesting…
…ancestrytesting…
…genetictesting…
…DNAtesting…
5.语音释义
外来词:
Hormone,Mahjong,koala,éclair,madam,delta,ElNino,
应用词汇
1.熟词僻义
Hotair.
Hotcell
Hotdebate
It’sveryhothere!
Iamhot!
Reasoningplaysadecisiveroleinthedebate.
Theexecutivesaregoingtosummerattheseasidenextweek.
Thisphenomenonclearlymirrorsaterriblesocialcrisis:
……
Thistrendechoedbythechartcanbeviewedasanoptimisticchangeinourdailylife.
Theseseeminglybrutalanimalswon’tattackunlesstheyarecornered.
Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.
2.热点词汇
【范例一】
Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.….Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.
Rodrigueznotesthat…,yet“someAmericans…tothenation’sassimilativepower.”
(2006年阅读第1篇)
21.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans________.
[A]identifying
[B]associating
[C]assimilating(C)
[D]monopolizing
【范例二】
Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.(2009年阅读第1篇)
21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing
[A].casual
[B].familiar
[C].mechanical
[D].changeable
【范例三】
Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.
Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:
Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.….(2008年阅读第3篇)
31.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto____.
[A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.
[B]showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..
[C]comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.
[D]assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.
【范例四】
Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthat…andtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.(2003年阅读第3篇)
51.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause________.
[A]costreductionisbasedoncompetition
[B]servicescallforcross-tradecoordination
[C]outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist(C)
[D]shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat
【范例五】
….Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.(2003年阅读第3篇)
53.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that________.
[A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad
[B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide
[C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief(C)
[D]agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness
【范例六】
In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw-havingextractedthemfromthemonthsofhisslaves.
That’sfardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks…….(2008年阅读第4篇)
36.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto____.
[A]showtheprimitivemedicalpract
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