暑假作业7高三阅读训练下.docx
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暑假作业7高三阅读训练下.docx
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暑假作业7高三阅读训练下
高三阅读训练(下)
PassageFive
ArchimedeswasaGreekscientist.HelivesinSyracusenearly200yearsago.TheKingofthelandwantedtowearaGoldenCrown.Hegavesomegoldtoagoldsmithtomakeasuitablecrown.Afterfewdays,thegoldsmithbroughtthefinishedcrowntotheKing.Thecrownwasweighed.TheweightofthecrownwasequaltothegoldgiventothegoldsmithbytheKing.TheKinglookedatthecolorofthecrown.
Hehadasuspicion.Thegoldsmithcouldhavestolensomegoldfromthegoldgiventohim.TheKingwantedtofindoutthetruth.HeaskedhiscourtscientistArchimedestofindout.TheKingsaid,“Findouthowmuchgoldhadbeenstolen?
”
Howtofindoutthetruth?
Archimedesthoughtabouttheproblemdayandnight.Onedayhewasabouttohavehisbath,buthewasbusythinking.Hedidnotnoticethebathtub.Thewaterinthebathtubwasalreadyfulltothebrim.Heslidintothebathtub.Immediatelyalargequantityofwaterflowedoverthebrimofthebathtub.Henoticedthissuddenly.Hisbrainwaveworkedsuddenly.Hejumpedoutofthebathtub,shouting,“Eureka!
Eureka!
"EurekainGreekmeans“Ihavefoundit."
Differentmetalsofthesameweighthavedifferentvolumes.Objects,putinwater,willdisplacewater.Thedisplacedwaterwillbeequaltotheirvolume.
Forexample,anironcubeweighingakilogramwilldispersesomewater.Butanaluminumscubeofthesameweightwilldisplacemorewaterthantheironcube.
Archimedesknewallthesetheories.Usingthisasthebasicknowledge,Archimedesworkedoutaplantofindoutthepurityofthecrown.
Archimedestooktwobowls.Hefilledthemwithwatertothebrim.Thenheplacedeachbowlseparatelyinthemiddleofthelargevessels.Heplacedthecrowninonebowl.Wateroverflowed.Itcollectedatthebottomoftheoutervessel.Thenhetookacubeofpuregold.Thiscubeofgoldwasequalinweighttothecrown.Hekeptthisgoldcubeinthemiddleofthesecondbowl.Herealsowateroverflowed.Watergotcollectedatthebottom oftheouterbowl.
Archimedesthenmeasuredthequantityofwaterinthetwovessels.Hefoundoutthedifferenceinthewateroverflow.Thecrownhadsentoutmorewater.Thecubeofgoldhadsentoutlesswater.Butboththecrownandthegoldcubewereofthesameweight.So,theyshouldhavesentoutthesamequantityofwater.Therefore,thecrownhadsomeothermetalsmixedinit.Thesemetalstookupmorespaceinthewaterthanpuregold.
ArchimedesreportedthisfindingtotheKing.TheKingdemandedthetruthfromthegoldsmith.Thegoldsmiththenconfessed.Hehadstolensomegold.Hehadaddedsomeothermetals.
Question:
WhatdoesthestoryofArchimedestellus?
(理解主旨要义)
A.Itissciencethatcounts.
B.Thekingwasfoolish.
C.Thegoldsmithwasdishonest.
D.Someothermetalstookupmorespacethanpuregoldinthewater.
Key:
A
Tips:
本文描写了一个科技小故事,即阿基米德如何用科学的原理识别出国王那顶皇冠被金匠给掺入了其它金属。
这类推断主旨要义题,要学生排除以偏盖全的选项,即片面性的选项。
Passagesix
FoolishImitation
Longago,ahawklivedonthetopofahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasabanyantreeonwhichacrowusedtopercheveryday.Thecrowwasveryfoolish.Hewouldimitateeveryone.
Thehawkatopthehillwouldflydowneverydayinsearchoffood.Thecrowwatchedthehawkcirclingintheairforlonghoursandswoopingdownwhenhesawhisprey.Thehawkgiftedwitheyesthatcouldseelongdistanceswouldspothispreyfromthehilltopandthenflydowntopounceupontheprey.
Thecrowwatchedthehawkthinking,“Hunh!
Ifthehawkcandothat,Itoocan.Whatdoeshethink?
Oneday,IwillshowthehawkthatIcandothesamething.”
Afewdayslater,asthehawkwascirclingintheair,thecrowdecidedtodothesame.Suddenlyababyrabbitcameoutofthebushes.Thehawksawitandthecrowtoosawtherabbit.
Beforethecrowcouldmove,thehawkswoopeddown,caughtholdoftherabbitinhisstrongsharptalonsandflewaway.“Swoosh!
”wasallthecrowheardasthehawkdisappearedintheskywithhisprey.“Hmmph!
Thatisnogreatskill,”thoughtthecrow,angrily.
Nextmomenthespottedabigfatmousecomingoutofahole.Withoutwastingtime,thecrowswoopeddown.Likethehawkhetriedtocatchthemouseinhisclaws.
Butthemousesawthecrowandmovedaway,thecrowcrashedagainstthehill.“Eeeaaa!
”criedthecrowinpain.
Justthenthehawkcameflyingdown.“Ihope,nowyouknowitisnoteasytohuntanditisnoteasytoimitate,either,”saidthehawkandflewaway.
Thereafter,thecrowneverimitatedanyone initslife.Itlivedhappilywiththegod-givenabilities.
Question:
Whatdoyoulearnfromtheabovestory?
(做出推理和判断)
A.It’simportanttolivehappily.
B.Don’tblindlyimitateothers.
C.Practicemakesperfect.
D.Don’twastetime.
Key:
B
PassageSeven
LouisPasteur
Maryhadjustreturnedfromherschool.Shewasthirsty.“Mary,youcanhaveacupofmilk,”calledhermother.Marywentintothedinninghall.“Mummy,themilkisspoilt,”shecriedout.Hermothercamein.“Letmesee.Yes.Thismilkisspoilt,"hermothersaid.Shetookoutasachetfromthecupboard.“See,Mary,themilkinthesachetisalright,”shesaid.Marycouldnotunderstand.
Themilkgotfromthemilkvendorinthemorninggotspoilt.Butthesachetgotfromthesupermarketwasstillgood.Howisthat?
Sheaskedhermotherthereasonforthis.Hermotherexplained,“Thesachetmilkispasteurized.Themilkgotfromthemilkvendorisnotpasteurizedone.”
“Butwhatisthemeaningofpasteurized,”askedMary.“Pasteurizingisascientificmethod.Freshmilkisboiledtoahighdegree.Thenitiscooledrapidly.Inthisprocessthegermsinthemilkgetkilled.ThiswasfirstdonebyLouisPasteur.Hisnameisgiventothisprocess.”
WhoisLouisPasteur?
LouisPasteurwasachemist.Hewasbornin1822inatowninFrance.Hisparentswerenotrich.Buttheygavehimagoodeducation.Hesecuredadegreeinscience.HismarksinChemistrywerenothigh.ButhisinterestinChemistrymadehimcontinuehisstudiesinChemistry.
Hespentlotsoftimeinthelaboratory.Hewascontinuallylookingthroughamicroscopeatthegerms.Hisprofessormadeafunofhim.“Theyareuselesstoman.Youarewastingyourtime,”hesaid.ButPasteurreplied,“Sir,thegermscausesickness.Imustfindoutwhichgermscausewhichdisease?
”
“Wheredogermscomefrom?
”askedhisprofessor.
“Sir,thatImustfindout”repliedPasteur.
AndPasteurfoundoutafteralongandpatientwork.Thegermsarepresentinwater,earth,dustandevenintheairwebreathe.Thesegermsturnmilksour.Milkisacarrierofgerms.Thesegermscancausediseasesliketuberculosisandtyphoid.Hemademanyexperiments.Finallyhefoundoutthemethodtokillthegermsinthemilk.
Pasteurdidnotstopwithmilk.Hecontinuedhisresearch.Anthrax,diphtheriaandrabieswereterriblediseases.Pasteurfoundoutcertainvaccines.Thesevaccinescanpreventandcuretheseterriblediseases.
Onedayamotherbroughther son,Joseph,toPasteur.Josephhadbeenbittenbyamaddog.Hehadbeenfourteenwoundalloverhisbody.Thedoghadrabies.Everyonefeltsorryfortheboy.Theysaid,“Thechildissuretodie."EvenPasteurhadnohopes.Buthehaddecidedtosavetheboy.
Pasteurhadpreparedaserumfromarabbit.Therabbithaddiedofrabies.Heinjectedtheserumintotheboy’sbody,atfirstsmallquantities.Slowly,heincreasedthedosage.OntheninthdayJosephshowedimprovement.Hewasoutofdanger.Inthreemonthstime,Josephwalkedoutofthehospital.Hethenbecameaperfectlyhealthychild.Theyearwas1885.Manyhadbeenbittenbymaddogs.Butnoonehadescapeddeath.
Since1885,thousandsofliveshavebeensavedbyanti-rabiestreatment.TheworldhastothankLouisPasteur.LouisPasteurisconsideredtobethegreatestscientistofFrance,bythepeopleofFrance.
Question:
Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby___________.(理解文章的基本结构)
A.Topic—Argument
B.Opinion—discussion
C.Mainidea—Comparison
D.Examples—explanation
Key:
D
Tips:
文章的基本结构设问,最常见的提问方式是:
Howisthepassageorganized?
Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?
v从段落组织方式上讲:
常见的文章结构有三种:
总分式结构(总→分;总→分→总;分→总)、并列式结构等;
v从写作手法上
定义(definition)
分类说明(classification)
列举例证(listingexamples)
对比(makingcomparison,contrast),
过程,程序(process)
“引用”(quote,quotation)
v从体裁上来看
说明性体裁
Description.(描述)
Explanation(解释)
discussion(讨论)
议论性体裁
现象(phenomenon)→分析(analysis)→结论(conclusion),
或现象(phenomenon)→结论(conclusion)→分析(analysis)
观点论证类:
Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程
PassageEight
GoodandEvil
Hepushedhiswifetosavehimselffromasinkingcruiseship.Buttherealityispriceless.Acruiseshipmetwithanaccidentatsea.Ontheshipwascouplewho,afterhavingmadetheirwaytothelifeboat,theyrealizedthattherewasonlyspaceforoneleft.Atthismoment,themanpushedthewomanbehindhimandjumpedintothelifeboathimself.Theladystoodonthesinkingshipandshoutedonesentencetoherhusband.
Theteacherstoppedandasked,“Whatdoyouthinksheshouted?
"
Mostofthestudentsexcitedlyanswer,“Ihateyou.Iwasblind."
Nowtheteachernoticedaboysilentthroughout,shegothimtoanswerandhereplied,“TeacherIbelieve,shewouldhaveshouted,Takecareofourchild."
Theteacherwassurprised,asking,“Haveyouheardthisstorybefore?
"
Theboyshookhisheadandsaid,“But,thatiswhatmymomsaidtodadbeforeshediedtodisease."
Theteacherlamented,“Theanswerisright."
Thecruisesunk.Themanwenthomeandbroughtuptheirdaughtersingle-handedly.
Manyyearslaterafterth
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