高考复习江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练三语篇解读.docx

高考复习江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练三语篇解读.docx

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高考复习江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练三语篇解读

真题演练（三）　[2015·江苏]

A

VisitorCode

•ArrivewithnothingthatcanharmNewZealand

Ifyouarearrivingfromoverseas，bringnofood，animalorplantmaterialintothecountry.IfindoubtdeclareittoCustoms.

•Protectplantsandanimals

Neverallowdogsorotherpetstorunfreelyinareasofnestingbirds，otherwildlife，orwheresignposted.

•Getridofrubbish

Alwaysgetridofyourrubbishproperlyandrecyclewaste（e.g.，glass，paper）wherepossible.

•Beconsideratewithotherwaste

Ifusingaportabletoiletalwaysthrowawayyourtoiletwasteataproperwastestation.Inthebackcountry，buryyourtoiletwasteinashallowholeawayfromwaterways.

•KeepNewZealand’swaterclean

Becausesoapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways，becarefulyourwashingwaterdoesn’tpollutethesea，lakesandrivers.

•Takecarewithfire

Alwaysobservedistrictfirebans.Becarefulifyousmokeorhaveanoutdoorfireorbarbecue—makesureashesarecoldbeforeleaving.

•Camporpicniccarefully

Whencampingorpicnicking，usefacilitiesprovided.

•Keeptothetrack

Keeptothetrack，whereoneexists，soyoulessenthechanceofdamagingfragileplants.

•Beconsiderate

Whendriving，minimizenoiseandobservenosmokingsigns.

语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文——游客行为规范。

文章主要列举了去新西兰旅游应该注意的事项。

56．AccordingtotheCode，visitorsshouldact.

A．withcareandrespect

B．withreliefandpleasure

C．withcautionandcalmness

D．withattentionandobservation

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

根据文章的内容可知，游客去新西兰时，要当心，不要带入有可能对新西兰产生破坏的物品，也要尊重自然、保护环境，文中的各个小标题均是对该内容的体现，因此选A。

57．WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?

A．Takeyourowncampingfacilities.

B．Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.

C．Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.

D．Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据文中Keeptothetrack部分中的内容可知，游客要沿着路径行走，减少破坏脆弱植物的几率，因此选C。

B

IntheUnitedStatesalone，over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste，theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.

Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved，therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries，inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.

Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial，upto100timesmore，thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone，andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals，thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging（包装）itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.

TheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction，distribution，anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance，buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.

Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（动机）forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts，wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?

Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why，theyask，shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap（气泡垫）thatencasedyourtelevision?

Fromthegovernments’pointofview，aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关的解决措施。

58．BymentioningtheSwissstudy，theauthorintendstotellusthat.

A．theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall

B．e-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof

C．naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetals

D．thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

该研究表明电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量很高，再根据全文作者的写作目的可知，作者意在说明电子垃圾值得被充分利用。

因此选B。

59．Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended.

A．fromproducerstogovernments

B．fromgovernmentstoproducers

C．fromindividualstodistributors

D．fromdistributorstogovernments

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段可知，对电子垃圾的管理应该回到生产者那里，即以前是政府和纳税人对电子垃圾负责，现在应该扩展到生产商那里。

因此选B。

60．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A．Theincreaseine-waste.

B．Thecreationofe-waste.

C．Theseriousnessofe-waste.

D．Themanagementofe-waste.

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。

文章前半部分指出了电子垃圾的数量在不断增加及其危害，后半部分提出了如何处理这些垃圾，由此可推知，如何处理电子垃圾是文章的主旨，因此选D。

C

Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso，itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.

Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample，peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness，toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences，andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds，peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers，youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.

Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice，someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately，theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor（e.g.，“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome”）toanexternalfactor（e.g.，“IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso”）．Whenthathappens，peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.

Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer，whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?

Toanswerthisquestion，researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance，onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou，itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”．

Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations，theyfoundapositivecorrelation（正相关）betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults，onceagain，leadtoconcreteadvice：

“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering，continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity...ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity.”

语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。

文章论述了为什么很多人从事志愿活动，以及是什么让他们将从事志愿活动的兴趣保持下去的。

61．Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof.

A．academicrequirementsB．socialexpectations

C．financialrewardsD．internalneeds

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

由第二段内容可知，人们从事志愿活动出于几个动机，如表达个人价值观、丰富个人经历、增强社会关系等，如果志愿工作的岗位不能满足这些需求，人们或许就不愿参加了。

由此可推知，人们从事志愿活动主要是出于个人的内在需求，故D项符合题意。

62．WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?

A．Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.

B．Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.

C．Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.

D．Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第四段最后一句“Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento‘trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience’．”可知，研究者指出，应该注意让志愿者对棘手的情形有所准备，给他们提供应对困难的策略。

故B项符合题意。

63．Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?

A．Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.

B．PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.

C．Roleidentityasavolunteer.

D．Practicaladvicefromresearchers.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

由最后一段第二句“Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.”可知，志愿者的角色认同感才是他们继续从事志愿活动的关键。

故C项符合题意。

64．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A．HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer

B．HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors

C．HowtoKeepVolunteers’Interest

D．HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities

答案　A

解析　标题归纳题。

文章先由“为什么人们会做志愿者”开始，然后结合两组调查研究说明了人们能长时间做志愿者工作的原因，其最终目的是为了使人们参与到志愿者工作当中去，故A项符合题意。

D

FreedomandResponsibility

Freedom’schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivi