高中英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析.docx

高中英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析.docx

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高中英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析

高中英语阅读理解

（一）解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?

Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?

You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."Iusedtoworkinschoolcateringandsawalotofmoneybeingthrownaway.Ithoughtthatwascriminal,soIdecidedtodosomethingaboutit,"saidItalianschoolchefTizianoVicentini.

   Now,Vicentinihasanamazingrangeofedibleplatesforschools.Theplatesaremadeoutofbreaddough,soyoucaneatthemafterwards."Thesedishescostafewpennieseachandareeithereatenbythekids,orgointorecyclingbinsforanimalfood,"explainedVicentini,50,ofMilan.Butnowothercompaniesaredevelopingedibleplates,too.TheEdible-PlateCompanyoffersedibleplates,bowls,traysandcups.Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.

   Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）.Theseplateswillalsohelpreducetheamountofplastic;wecreate.Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.Andmanyshopsareofferingbiodegradableplasticbagsandeco-safepackagingontheirproducts.Tohelpmatters,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization（theISO）hasalsodevelopedasystemtoevaluatethebiodegradabilityofproducts,withacertificationandlogoscheme,Meanwhile,howaboutaniceplateforlunch?

（1）Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofedibleplates?

A. Theyareexpensive.                                          B. Theycandegradenaturally.

C. Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.                 

D. Theyaremadefromnaturalplant.

（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A. TizianoisfromGermany.                                 B. Edibleplatesareonlyusedforschoolcatering.

C. Cornandpotatostarchcanbeusedtomakecutlery.         

D. TheEdiblePlateCompanydoesn'tproduceediblebowls.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?

A. Theairpollution.                                              

B. Theediblecutlery.

C. Thetoxicgasescausedbytheburningofplastic.         

D. Thedamagetotheenvironmentcausedbyplasticwaste.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A. Themeasurestostopthepollution.               

B. Thewaystoreducetheplasticwaste.

C. Howtomakeedibleplatesfromnaturalplants..         

D. Theplatesolutiontoeatingandenvironmentalproblem.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了饮食和环境的问题，并且提出了相应的解决方法。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.”可知，“昂贵”不是edibleplates的优势。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和马铃薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。

故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。

根据第三段中的“Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.”塑料垃圾对环境造成了很大的破坏，同时也给政府带来了数百万的垃圾管理。

塑料袋经常会出现在垃圾填埋场或街道上。

而燃烧的塑料垃圾会导致有毒气体污染空气。

作为对此的回应，世界各国政府正在出台严格的回收法规。

由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾对环境造成的破坏。

”故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?

Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?

You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."可知，本文讲述的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Theyhavebeatenusatchess,andnowcomputersaretakingastepintoaveryhumanterritory:

thereadingcomprehensiontest,whichschoolchildreneverywherearesuffering.

   Alibabasaiditsartificialresearchoutperformedmeremortals（凡人）inaglobalreadingtestthatseeksanswerstosuchpressingquestionsas"whatwasNikolaTesla'sethnicity?

"and"howbigistheAmazonrainforest?

"

   LuoSireferredtothemachines'victoryas"amilestone".Hesaidthetechnologyhasmanyuses,fromcustomerservicetomuseumtutorialstomedicalenquires-someofwhicharealreadybeinghandledbychatbots（聊天机器人）globally.

   Inthetest,companiessubjectedtheirartificialintelligencesystemstoqueriesfromtheStanfordQuestionAnsweringDataset,whichassessedreadingcomprehension.Thecomputers'answerswerecomparedagainstaveragehumanresponsesandranked.

   TyingintopplacewereMicrosoft,theUSsoftwaregiant,andAlibaba,theChinesetechgroupthatbeganwithecommerceand--likeitspeersathomeandabroad---isploughingmorefundsintoAI,muchofitviaitsresearcharm.

   WhileMicrosoftandAlibabawonbytheslimmestofmargins---ataccuracylevelsafewbasispointsabovehumans'82.3percentinprovidingexactmatchestoquestions--thetieprovidedafittingsymboloftheAIarmsracebetweentheUSandChina.

   Chinaaimstouseitsvasttroves（宝库）ofdata,collectedfromits1.4billionpopulationincluding730millionwhoareonline,anddeeppocketstoovertaketheUSincreatinga$150billionindustrythatisseenasthenextindustrialrevolution.AIisalreadybeingharnessedineverythingfromdriverlesscarstocustomisingnewsfeeds.

   WhileChina'sdriveisbeingspearheadedbygovernment,itiscultivatinghomegrowntechgiantsincludingBaidu,AlibabaandTencenttoleapaheadoftheUS.

   BaidumadeanearlybetonAI,andisleadingitsrivalsinautonomousdriving.Tencent,whichboastsjustshyof1billionmonthlyactiveusersonitssocialmediaWeChatapp,andAlibabahaveadoptedAIinoperationssuchascustomizingnewsandads,andareinvestinginnewfields.

（1）WhatdoesLuoSithinkofAl'sperformanceinreadingcomprehension?

A.Hefeelsfrightenedatit.

B.Hehassomedoubtsaboutit.

C.Hethinkshighlyofit.

D.Heconsidersitworthatry.

（2）HowdidthereadingtestcarryonforAl?

A.Byallowingthemtointeractwithhumans.

B.Byaskingthemtoanswerquestions.

C.Bygivingthemquestionstoanalyze.

D.Bymakingthemcompetewithchatbots.

（3）WhatdoesChinadependontoleadinAl?

A.Thenewindustrialrevolution.

B.Thehugemarketof$150billionindustryinvestment.

C.Massivedatafromits1.4billionpopulationandhugeamountsoftreasure.

D.ThecooperationbetweenChinesegovernmentandMicrosoft.

（4）InwhichfielddoesBaidudobetterthanitsrivals?

A.Themedicalenquires.

B.Thecustomerservice.

C.Customernewsfeeds.

D.Thedriverlesscars.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能的发展。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段“LuoSireferredtothemachines'victoryas‘amilestone’.Hesaidthetechnologyhasmanyuses,fromcustomerservicetomuseumtutorialstomedicalenquires-someofwhicharealreadybeinghandledbychatbots（聊天机器人） globally.”可知司罗把机器取得的这个胜利称为一个里程碑，称该技术有很多用途，从客户服务、博物馆讲解，到医疗查询，其中一些在全球范围已经由聊天机器人处理。

他对人工智能评价很高，所以选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段“Inthetest,companiessubjectedtheirartificialintelligencesystemstoqueriesfromtheStanfordQuestionAnsweringDataset,whichassessedreadingcomprehension.Thecomputers'answerswerecomparedagainstaveragehumanresponsesandranked.”可知通过问问题，回答问题来检测人工智能，所以选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第七段中的“Chinaaimstouseitsvasttroves（宝库）ofdata,collectedfromits1.4billionpopulationincluding730millionwhoareonline,anddeeppocketstoovertaketheUSincreatinga$150billionindustrythatisseenasthenextindustrialrevolution.”可知中国力求利用来自其14亿人口（其中有7.3亿上网）的海量数据和雄厚财力，在创建被视为下一场工业革命的1500亿美元产业方面超越美国。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“BaidumadeanearlybetonAI,andisleadingitsrivalsinautonomousdriving.”可知XX在无人驾驶汽车的 技术方面领先其他竞争对手，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Asthedaysgetshorterandthechillyweatherrollsin,weallwanttocurlupinablanketandhibernateuntilspringrollsaround.Butmakingtimetogetoutsideinthesun,evenwhenit'scoldout,couldhavebiggermoodbenefitsthanyoumightrealize.

   Whilethelinkbetweensunshineandmentalhealthisnothingnew,newresearchfromBrighamYoungUniversity（BYU）hasshownthattheassociationmaybeevenstrongerthanpreviouslyrealized.Itfindsthatsunlightexposureisbyfarthegreatestweather-relatedfactordeterminingmentalhealthoutcomes.Inotherwords:

moresunshine,morehappiness.

   Forthestudy,apsychologist,aphysicistandastatisticianfromBYUteameduptocomparedailyenvironmentaldatafromtheuniversity'sPhysicsandAstronomyWeatherStationwithemotionalhealthdataarchivedbydayfor16,452adulttherapypatientswhowerebeingtreatedattheBYUCounselingandPsychologicalServicesCenter.

   Exposuretosunlightisasignificantfactorinseasonalaffectivedisorder.Researchhasshownthatthebrainproducesmoreofthefeel-goodneurotransmitterserotoninonsunnydaysthanitdoesondarkerdays.What'smore,lackofsunlightislinkedwithlowervitaminDlevels,whichinturnhasbeencorrelatedwithdepressionandlowenergy.

   Ifyou'regettingenoughsun,youremotionsshouldremainrelativelystable,theresearchersfound.Butastheamountofsunlightinthedayisreduced,levelsofemotionalpaincansoar.Other