古代中英婚俗的差异.docx
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古代中英婚俗的差异.docx
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古代中英婚俗的差异
毕业论文
题目:
古代中英婚俗的差异
Title:
DifferencesofWeddingCustomBetweenChinaandBritaininoldTimes
Acknowledgements
MydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttomysupervisorLuyimiao,forherconstantencouragementandguidance.Shehaswalkedmethroughallthestageofthewritingofthisthesis.Withoutherconsistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldn’thavereacheditspresentform.
Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoallotherteacherswhogavemelecturesduringthepastthreeacademicyears.Ihavebenefitedsomuchnotonlyfromtheircoursesandlecturesbutalsofromtheirconstantencouragement.
Iwouldalsoliketoextendmysincerethankstomyaffectionateparents,andtherestofmyfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughoutthedevelopmentofthispaper.Theirloveandsupportencouragemetopursueprogressallthetime.
Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.
Abstract
Datesbacktothetime,beforeTangDynasty,therearemanyproceduresinChineseweddingcustom.Thebookrecordsearliestweddingceremony,saysthatmarriageincludessixetiquettes,namely,proposing,askingthename,askingforfortune,sendingbetrothalpresentstothegirl’sfamily,discussingthedateofthemarriageandmeetingthebride.InBritishweddingcustombefore16th,therearefourprocedureswhichareproposal,changingsurnames,choosingthedayandholdingthewedding.Becauseofthedifferentculturaloriginsandmarriageconceptsandreligions,therearemanydifferencesexistinginthetwokindsofweddingcustoms.InChina,matchmakerfunctionsalmostallthetimeandyouthshavenorighttochoose.Theyouthshavetoobeysixstepstoformacompletelywedding-theproposal,thebetrothal,andpreparingfortheweddingday,dayofthewedding,dayafterthewedding,andthreedaysafterthewedding.Peoplegetmarriedinordertocontinuethemaleoffspring.Duringthemarriage,womendonotgetafootinglikemen.InBritain,bycontrast,theyouthhavelegalrighttochoosewhomtheywanttomarry.Weddingusuallyheldinchurchandthepriestfunctions.Theygetmarried,startcareerandproduceanheir.Britishweddingismuchsimplerandromantic.Nowadays,theworldisdevelopingglobally,itbecomespopulartocompromisethetwointerestingweddingcustoms.
KeyWords:
weddingcustom;ChineseandBritish;differences
摘要
唐朝前,中国的婚俗有着许多的仪式。
最早记载婚礼习俗的《仪礼》云:
“婚有六礼,纳彩、问名、 纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。
”而16世纪前的英国,婚俗中主要有4个程序,即求婚,改姓,选期和举行婚礼。
由于文化根源、婚姻观念以及宗教的不同在一定程度上导致了中英婚俗的不同。
在中国婚俗中,媒人起着决定性的作用,而作为婚姻当事人的青年男女却没有选择的自由和权力。
一个完整的婚礼男女必须遵守6步曲,即换庚谱,过大礼,迎亲,出门,过门以及三朝回门。
男女结婚的主要目的在于传宗接代。
而且男女在婚姻中的不平等现象也屡有出现。
在英国,青年男女有合法的权力去选择自己的夫婿或妻子并且婚后地位平等。
婚礼通常在教堂中由牧师主持来完成。
男女结婚,工作,接着育人。
相比之下,英国的婚礼比较简单而且浪漫。
现在,中英婚礼的融合现象普遍存在了。
关键词:
婚俗;中英;差异
Contents
Introduction…………………...……………………………………………...1
I.BackgroundofMarriage..………………...……………............................2
1.1BackgroundofChineseMarriage…….….…….………...……………...2
1.2BackgroundofBritishMarriage………...……….....................................2
II.ReasonsoftheDifferences……………...…………………...…………..3
2.1CulturalOrigins………………...…………………………...…………..3
2.2MarriageConcepts………….……………………………………...…...3
2.3Religions……………………………………….......................................4
III.ComparisonoftheMarriageCustom……………...............................5
3.1ChineseWeddingCustom…………………………...………...………5
3.2BritishWeddingCustom…………………………………………….....8
IV.DifferencesofWeddingCustom…..………………...............................10
4.1DifferentMarriageMatcher……………………...................................10
4.2DifferentDegreesofFreedomofFemales…………………...……......11
4.3DifferentPurposesofMarriage……………………………...…….…...12
4.4DifferentFormsofHoldingMarriage…………….……..…...………...12
4.5DifferentRightsofHusbandsandWives…...……..………......……...13
V.Suggestions…………….…………............................................................14
5.1CompromisethetwoWeddingCustoms…………………….…..…….14
5.2LeadEnglishLearnerstoContacttheCultureofBritishCustom……...14
Conclusion…………………………………….…………............................14
Bibliography………………………………………………………………1
Introduction
AsChinaspeedingupitsstepsinreformandopeningupandeconomicconstruction,moreBritishthingscomingintooureyesight.Underthissituation,theincreasingofcommunicationoffersusplentyofopportunitiestogetintouchwithBritish.InordertoassociatewithBritainwell,weshouldknowitscultureatfirst.
Weddingcustomcanreflectacountry’spoliticsandeconomyandculturewell.Itisanimportantpartofsociallife.Itisformedinalonghistoricalevolutionoftheweddingcustominanation.Itisanimportantactivityrunningthroughthewholeprocessofhumanlife.Weddingincludesnotonlymarriage,butalsotheperformancestageafterthefestivities.Thesecustoms,asasymbolofnationandculturaldevelopment,playsaveryessentialroleinethicstudiesandthehistoryofmankind.Knowingdifferentweddingcustomsnotonlycanletuslearnthedifferencesofthetwocountries,butalsopromotecommunicationandcooperationbetweenChinaandBritain.
Chinaisacountrywithanancientcivilizationandalonghistory,andmanycustoms.Amongsomanycustoms,weddingcustomistheparticularone.Itgoesthroughvariousandlongstageofdevelopmentfromancientsimpleweddingceremonytolatercomplexceremony,fromoldstyletomodernfreestyle.Britishcivilizationisthebaseofwesternculture.Britainplaysanimportantroleinwesternhistoryandwestculture,particularlyweddingcustom.InBritainpeopleholdtheirinimitablecustomfeaturesdifferingfromChinese.
Comparedwitheachother,therearemanydifferencesinmanyaspectssuchasrights,degreesoffreedomandformsofholdingwedding,andtheculture,marriageconceptsandreligionsresultinthedifferencesofweddingcustom.
I.BackgroundofMarriage
1.1BackgroundofChineseMarriage
PeopleinChineseancienttimesusuallyheldweddingindusk.Itwasn’texistinguntilZhouDynasty.ThereisalsoalegendthathappenedinHenanProvinceatancienttimes.Atthatperiod,almostallthepeopleandanimalswereswallowedbyaheavyflood,expectFuxiandNuwa.Toavoidhumanbeingsdyingout,theywereaskedtogetmarriedandmultiplythegenerations,soitwasthebeginningofmarriage.Peopleatthattimemadealivingbyfishingandhunting,theysentskinsaspresentswhenweddingswereheld.
Tocontrolthemarriage,thefamilyandthewholesociety,Chinesemarriageshouldcomplytheso-called“threelettersandsixetiquettes”.Thethreelettersarebetrothalletter,thegiftletterwithagiftlistandtheweddingletterusedonthedaythebridegroommeethisbrideatherhome.Thesixetiquettesinvolvednamely,proposing,askingthename,askingforfortune,sendingbetrothalpresentstothegirl’sfamily,discussingthedateofmarriageandmeetingthebride.Astimegoesby,althoughmanyweddingcustomsexperiencedvariouschanges,“sixetiquettes”asthebasicpatternhasnotchangemuch.Itisstillessentialandcoreinmarriagecustom.
1.2BackgroundofBritishMarriage
InBritain,marriagewasusuallyarrangedbyparentsorguardianandthistradition.Beforethemarriage,brideandbridegroomwerenotfamiliarwitheachother.Theirparentsarrangedtheirmarriagewhentheywerechildrenandthentheyplannedengagementandwedding.Whilethechildrendidn’tknoweachotheruntiltheymetatpartiesoronfestivals.Later,thewayofpulpingformarriagewasdestroyedbyajudgethatthemarriagewaseffectivewhentwochildrenhuggedandkissedeachotherandgaveandreceivepresentsasacoupleaftertheyweresevenyearsold.Later,theyoungelopedandheldtheirweddinginchurch.Soelopementandprivatemarriagebecamethebeginningoftheyoungresistingthepulpingformarriage.HoweversomeprovisionsoftheCivilMarriageActandHardwickActmadeitdifficultforBritishtogetmarried.
Traditionally,thebesttimeformarriagewasbeforeChristmaswhenpeoplegotharvest.ThereisaproverbinBritain,“MarryinSeptember’sshine,yourlivingwillberichandfine”.Itwassaidthatthebridecouldn’tusethenameofbridegroom,orshewouldloseherloverforever.Whentheweddingwasstarted,aweddingnoticewouldbepostedonthedoorofthechurch.Thenoticewasputuptoensuretherewerenogroundsforprohibitingthemarriage.Ifanyoneknewanyreasonsthatthetwocouldnotmarry,theyweretocomeforwardwiththereason.Ifthereasonwasavalidone,theweddingwouldbecanceled.
II.ReasonsoftheDifferences
2.1CulturalOrigins
TraditionalChinesemarriagewascharacterizedbyadistinctivepatriarchalclansystem.“Threeobedienceandfourvirtues”decidedthatwomenshouldbecomeanappendagetothemanandbesubordinatedtothefamilyinterest.Thethreeobediencewereobeyingherfatherbeforemarriage,herhusbandwhenmarried,andhersonsinwidowhoodandthefourvirtuesweremorality,properspeech,modestmanneranddiligentworkofwomeninancientChina.Girlsdidn’thavetherightstochoosetheirloversandthemarriagewasmostlyarrangedbymatchmaker.Itwasalsocharacterizedbystrongfeudalpoliticalcolor.Marriagesometimeswasakindofwaystoallyinpoliticalanditwasatypicalexampleinhistory.ThetraditionalmarriagecustomwasinfluenceddeeplybyConfucianism,whichadvocatedrespectingheavenandearth,andelders.
InBritish,theyoungcouldcontacteachotherandexpresslovefreely.Weddingwasarrangedbythefemale.Itwasinfluenceddeeplybyreligio
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