八年级下学期英语知识点总结外研版.docx
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八年级下学期英语知识点总结外研版.docx
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八年级下学期英语知识点总结外研版
八年级下册
知识梳理
一、语法
1.动词时态
2.并列复合句
3.宾语从句
1、动词时态
否定句、一般疑问句的结构
一般现在时有be的变法
句中没有be的变法
现在完成时的句子结构
肯定句:
主语+have/has+V过去分词+其他.
一般过去式的句子结构:
一般疑问句回答:
Ishe...?
Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.Doyou...?
Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Does...she?
Yesshedoes.No,shedoesn’t.Didthey...?
Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.Haveyou...?
Yes,Ihave.No.Ihaven’t.Werethey...?
Yes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.Washe...?
Yes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.
Hasshe…?
Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.
2、并列复合句
并列复合句----是由并列词and,but,or等把两个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
并列复合句的构成:
简单句+并列连词+简单句。
并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。
(1)并列关系用and
(2)选择关系用or
(3)转折关系用but
3、宾语从句
1.引导词的选择陈述句充当宾语从句
一般疑问句充当宾语从句
thatif/whether
特殊疑问句充当宾语从句疑问代词或疑问副词
2.语序陈述句语序
主
句
一般现在时
从
句
按实际情况用相应时态
一般过去时
过去的某种时态
3.时态
4.当主句谓语动词为think,suppose,expect,believe等时,其后的宾语从句为否定句时,常将否定词not从从句中移到主句中,构成否定转移
5.如果从句说的是客观现象或真理,无论主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从句
e.g.
1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.
HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.
2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.
HesaysthatTomisagood
student.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
2.特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句
e.g.
1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?
”
HeaskedwhereIlived.
2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?
”he
asked.
Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从句
1.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?
”
Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.
2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?
”heasked.
Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgotovisittheGreatWall.
二、话题
1.人的相貌及性格
2.天气及季节
3.看病与健康
4.假期
简单句
并列句复合句
三、
选择问句
句特殊疑问句
子感叹句
一般疑问句否定句祈使句
简单句
并列句复合句选择问句
特殊疑问句
感叹句一般疑问句否定句祈使句
Thisisanorangebike.
HeknowsmeandIknowhim.WhenIwas5,Icouldswim.Didyoulivehereorthere?
Whatdidtheylearnjustnow?
Whataheavyrainitis!
DoesTomspeakFrench?
Idon’tunderstandit.Stand(Don’t)up.
四、句型(及交际用语)
1.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的:
Itis+adj.for/ofsb.+todosth.
2.提问看病的:
WhatcanIdoforyou?
CanIhelpyou?
What’swrong?
What’sthematter?
3.回答生病情况:
1)
Ihavegota
catchacold
headache.stomachache.toothache.
fever.
cough.cold.
2)就此病症提出合理建议
•Take/Havesome/thesemedicinethree
timesaday.
•Drinkmorewaterandstayinbedforafewdays.
•It’snothingserious.
•You’llbe/get/becomeOK/wellsoon/in
oneortwodays.
•Don’tbesotired.
4.提问某人的爱好:
What’syourhobby?
collectingfans/tickets.
collectingstamps/modelcars.
回答爱好:
Myhobbyis
writing.
playingbasketball.swimming.
running.
singing.
5.提问人的相貌:
Whatdoes...looklike?
6.提问人的性格:
Whatis...like?
7.到该做什么事的时候了。
It’stimetodosth.
It’stimeforsth.
8.提建议用语:
Whynotdosth...?
Whydon’tyoudosth...?
What/Howaboutsth./doingsth...?
It’sbesttodosth.
You’dbetterdosth.
Youshoulddosth.
五、词类
1.动词6.形容词、副词
2.系动词7.数词
3.代词8.频率副词
4.不定代词9.介词
5.连词10.疑问词
1.动词
(谓语)
HewatchesTV
everyday.
Heiswatching
TVnow.
HewatchedTV
amomentago.
动词
(非谓语)
Heenjoys
watchingTV.
Jimmakesmelaugh.
Iwantedtosee
itagain.
2.系动词(+形容词的动词)
lookbe
turngetsoundbecometastefeelsmell
1)Jim’sideasoundsnice.
2)Katelookstaller.
3)Ifeelnervousnow.
4)Beijingbecomesbigger.
5)Thedaysgetlong.
6)Thecaketastesdelicious.
3.不定代词
1.other,others,theother,theothers,
another,One...,theother...,anyother
2.one,ones,one’s
3.
something
somebody/someone
anything
anybody/anyone
everything
everybody/everyone
nothing
nobody/noone
5.连词
1.
and
7.
when
2.
but
8.
before
3.
or
9.
after
4.so10.as
5.though11.if
6.because
用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空
1.Jimoftenhelpsmewithmy
English
and
Ioftenhelphim
withhisChinese.
2.Because
thequestionisvery
difficult,fewofuscananswerit.
3.Mr.Blackisover70yearsold,
but
hestillworks8hoursaday.
用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空
4.Everyonemustbehere
before
6:
00tomorrow.
5.Though
_itisraining
heavily,thefarmersarestill
workinginthefield.
6.Icanhelpyou
time.
ifIhave
用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空
7.After
gettingup,Ialways
listentotheradioforawhile.
8.Wemustbequick,orwe
can’tfollowthem.
9.Tocatchtheearlybus,
soI
gotupveryearlythismorning.
用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空
10.
When
theteacher
camein,Iwasthinking
aboutthegame.
11.
Ifyouknowhim,why
notgoandmeetJim
insteadofme,Kate?
6.形容词、副词
在词尾处+ly
形容词与副词的转换
y结尾时,去y+ily
有的e结尾的单词,需去y
+ly,有的则直接+ly。
1.quick—quickly2.easy--easily
3.terrible-terribly4.true-truly
5.brave-bravely6.careful-carefully
形容词、副词的使用
修饰名词
形Theyarecleverboys.
词Ipreferlonghair.
修饰动词、形容词
副
词Itreallysoundsnice.
Theyworkveryhard.
7.数词
基数词变序数词
用来表达年、月、日
数用来表达时、分
词
百,千,万,的表达
几分之几
8.频率副词
•用Howoften对它们进行提问。
•他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。
•Ialwayshavemilkforbreakfast.
•Iusuallyhaveeggsforbreakfast.
•Ioftenhavenoodlesforit.
•Isometimeshavefruitsforit.
•Iseldomhavericeforit.
•Ineverhavemeatinthemorning.
9.on具体日子、节日、
与生日、星期几前
时in某年、某月前
间at某分,某时前
相
关for时间段前
的当“早上、下午、晚
上”被修饰时不用in
词而用on.
表示方位的介词:
ThePosition
某物/处在某处的东南西北。
north
northwest
west
northeast
east
southwest
south
southeast
in,to,on的区别
某处in
在某to
处之
外
on
某处与某
处相接壤
某处在某
处之内
with的多种用法
dosth.withsb./sth.agirlwithlonghair
aroomwithtwodoors
acitywithlargepopulation
bebusywithsth.bepopularwith...bewithastyleof...talkwithsb.
helpsb.withsth.
anactionmoviewithJackieChan
What’swrong/thematterwith...?
10.疑问词
六、易混淆的词、词组
1.
2.howtodowakeup
3.wakesb.up
therebe
4.have/has
join
5.takepartin...
易混淆的词、词组
intheeastof...
6.totheeastof...
other,others
trip
7.travel
theother,theothers
8.One...,theother...,anotheranyotherschools
anyotherschool
9.stoptodosth.10.
stopdoingsth.
alittle,little,abit,
aswellasexcept
besides
11.
abitof...afew,fewgetto...
12.
arrivein/at...
reach
13.toomuch
muchtoo
14.bycar
takeacar
15.
excited,interested,amazed
exciting,interesting,amazing
16.
It’stimeto....
It’stimefor....
like
17.
as
18.
noise,voice,sound
19.
hear,listen,listento
20.
say,tell,talk,speak
21.
read,watch,see,look,
look
at
八、易错的词
finish
enjoy
还有介词&busy
+doing
spendkeeppreferpractice
make
let+do
+doing
planorderdecidewantask
…
+todo
1.Withoutthinkingmore,helefthere.
2.Ican’tfinishwritingitinonlya
fewminutes.
3.Everyoneisbusygettingreadyfor
thefinalexams.
4.Motheralwaysspendsmuchtime
doingsuchfoolishthings.
5.Jimwasgoodatdancingwhenhewasyoung.
6.Let’spracticespeakingEnglish,OK?
九、不易用对的词
enough
(名词前)
enoughwaterenoughbooksenoughtimeenoughpeople
enough
(形容词、副词后)
tallenoughstrongenoughgoodenoughbigenough
十、形容词与不定代词的位置
somethingeasy,
hard,important...anythinguseful,
interesting,funny...
nothingdifficult,
cheap,amazing,exciting...
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
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