Unit 3 Science versus nature 导学案 11译林版必修5精品.docx
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Unit 3 Science versus nature 导学案 11译林版必修5精品.docx
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Unit3Scienceversusnature导学案11译林版必修5精品
Unit3Scienceversusnature导学案11
一、V-ed分词具有形容词和副词性质,在句中可充当定语、表语、宾语补语、状语。
1.作定语
过去分词作定语,表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态,但不及物动词构成的过去分词只表示完成,而不表示被动意义。
例如:
完成+被动:
apollutedriveralockedroomawell-educatedman
只有完成:
aretiredworkerafallenleafboiledwater
作定语的V-ed分词也有前置和后置两种情况。
单个过去分词作定语,常常位于被修饰的名词前;而过去分词短语作定语时,常常位于被修饰的名词后面,相当于一个定语从句。
Eg.1).Youshouldimproveyourspoken(speak)English.
2).What’sthelanguagespoken(speak)inthatarea?
=.What’sthelanguagewhich/thatisspoken(speak)inthatarea?
3).Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.
=Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhowastrappedinthefire.
4).Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
=Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
2.作表语
作表语的V-ed分词大多转化成为形容词,通常用于联系动词之后(例如be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become,get等),表示主语所处的状态
1).Edisonbecameinterested(interest)insciencewhenhewasveryyoung.
2).Shelooksveryexcited(excite)atthenews.
3).WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingergotcut(cut)unexpectedly.
3.作宾语补足语
如果宾语与后面作宾补的动词构成被动关系,则使用V-ed分词作宾补。
可以带V-ed分词作宾补的词有:
with,see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel,sense,find,leave,keep,get,have,make.
1).Ihadmymoneystolen(steal)onthebus.
2).AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood(understand).
3).Inthemorning,peoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged(change).
4.作状语
作状语的V-ed分词与主句之间常有逗号隔开,在句中可表示时间,原因,条件,让步,伴随等情况,并可转化为相应的状语从句。
作状语的V-ed和主句的主语常有被动关系。
1)时间状语
Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.
=Whentheearthisseenfromspace,itlooksblue.
Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.
=Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.
2)原因状语
Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
=Ashewasbornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
Becausetheyweremovedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.
=Movedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.
3)条件状语
Givenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.
=Ifwearegivenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.
Comparedwithotherprofessors,sheisanexcellentspeaker.
=.
4)让步状语
Laughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.
=Thoughhewaslaughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.
Eventhoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.
=Defeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.
5)伴随状语
Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.
=Theboysatatthetableandhewasburiedinhishomework.
Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.
=Thegirllayinbedandshewasloatinthought.
二、转化为形容词的V-ed
有一些过去分词已转化为形容词,失去被动意义,仅表状态。
如:
hidden,dressed,lost,seated,determined,absorbed,injured,based,surprised,satisfied,bored,tired…
e.gWhatmadeyousofrightened?
Thedog,boredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.
=Thedog,whichisboredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.
Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.
=Ashewasmuchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.
Seatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.
=Whilehewasseatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.
三、连词+V-ed
过去分词有时和连词(when,while,whenever,until,if,unless,once,though,
although,eventhough/if)一起用,相当于状语从句的紧缩式。
(注意:
before/after后不直接跟V-ed分词,而用before/after+beingdone,因为此时分词前的before/after是介词。
)
Ifaccepted(accept)forthispost,youwillbeinformedbyMay1st.
Unlesschanged(change),thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.
Iwillnotgiveupmyplaneveniftold(tell)to.
Thesemachinesmustbecheckedbeforebeingused(use).
四、tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone作定语的区别:
以上四种形式都表示被动,都可作定语。
tobedone表示即将被…;beingdone表示正在被…;done表示被做过了…;havingbeendone作非限制性定语,和被修饰词用逗号隔开,强调在谓语动词的动作之前完成。
Thequestiontobediscussed(discuss)tomorrowinvolvespollution.
Thequestiondiscussed(discuss)yesterdayinvolvespollution.
Thequestionbeingdiscussed(discuss)nowinvolvespollution.
Thequestion,havingbeendiscussed(discuss)foryears,involvespollution.
五、done,havingbeendone作状语的区别:
beingdone一般在句中不作状语,而用done代替之。
havingbeendone强调动作在谓语动作之前完成,或已经持续一段时间的动作,常用作时间和原因状语,done则不强调时间先后和持续一段时间。
Led(lead)bythelocalguide,wewentfurtherintotheforest.
Havingbeentaken(take)goodcareofforhalfayear,thepatientbecamefarbetter.
Havingbeentranslated(translate)intomanylanguages,thenoveliswell-knownthroughouttheworld.
二重点归纳
1.Noteverythingthatisbestfornatureisgoodforpeople.
句中that引导定语从句,修饰everything。
否定词not出现在含有all,both,everything,everyone以及every+名词的句中表示部分否定,not可位于这些词的前面,也可以位于他们后面。
e.g.Notbothofthemhavereadthisbook.=Bothofthemhaven’treadthisbook.
Allbamboodoesn’tgrowwell.=Notallbamboogrowswell.
Noteverythingthatisbestfornatureisgoodforpeople.
=Everythingthatisbestfornatureisnotgoodforpeople.
2.Wouldanyonesaythatdevelopmentshouldbestoppedinfavorofnature?
infavourof:
有利于,赞同(接名词、代词和动名词)
askafavourof请某人帮忙
dosb.afavour=doafavourforsb.帮某人一个忙
我们赞成这个建议。
Weareinfavorofthissuggestion.
我和朋友谈过,他完全赞同放弃这个计划。
Italkedtomyfriendaboutit,andheisallinfavorofgivinguptheplan.
3.Shouldtheybeblamedfordestroyinghundredsofthousandsofacresofrainforestifitmeansabetterincomefortheirpeople?
blamev.&n.
blame…for…因为某事责备某人blamesth.on把某事归咎于某人
sb.betoblame(forsth.)=sb.shouldbeblamed(forsth.)某人因受责备
Sheblamedhisfailureonhercarelessness.
Shedidn’tblameanyoneforthemistake.
A.Whois________thefire?
A.toblameforstartingB.toblametostart
C.tobeblamedforstartingD.tobeblamedtostart
4.Nowhereisthistruerthanwithgeneticallymodifiedfood.
本句为倒装句,nowhere…truer…是比较级的形式,表示最高级的意义。
我们班没有人比他学习更用功。
Nooneinmyclassworksharderthanhim.
当时我找不到一个可以帮助我的人。
NowherecouldIfindapersontohelpmeatthattime.
5.Researchhasbeenlimitedtoincreasingproductionprofits,ratherthanmakingsure—thatGMfoodsaresafe.
belimitedto+n/doing局限于
Schooleducationshouldnotbelimitedtogaining(gain)knowledgeonly.
limitn.限度;限制
theagelimit年龄限制thespeedlimit速度限制
gobeyond/overthelimit超过限度withinthelimitsof在。
。
。
范围内
巩固练习
(一)单词拼写
1.Ithoughtthatthewhole_______(概念)ofcloningwasnotmoral.
2.Therearemany_______(现实生活中的)problemswiththematter.
3.Hediedasa________(结果)ofthetrafficaccident.
4.Exposedto________(辐射)formanyyears,MadamCuriediedofadiseasewhichisrelatedtoit.
5.The________(原先的)ownerofthehousehasmovedout.
6.Accordingtothesurvey________(实施)lastweek,morethanhalfcollegestudentsadmittedhavingconsumedalcoholicdrinks.
7.Iamafraidthattheboygot________(害怕的)whenhearingthesuddenloudthunder.
8.However,manypoorernationsmust________(集中注意力于)ontheeverydayneedsoftheirpeople.
9.IfwefurtherdamagetheEarth,itmaycausea______(灾难).
10.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,new_______(隧道,航道)arebeingbuilt.
(二)单项填空
1.Theoldcoupledecidedto______aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreeoftheirown.
A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt
2.Doingmorningexercises_______ourhealthandwe_________it.
A.benefitsto;benefitB.benefits;benefitfrom
C.benefitsfrom;benefitD.benefits;arebenefitedby
3.Withdrinkandfood______,theprisonerhadtowalkoutofthecavewherehewashiding.
A.runoutB.runningoutC.useupD.usingup
4.Heisconsidering_______hisjob,youshouldn’tconsiderhim__________.
A.tochange;tobemadB.changing;tobemad
C.changes;madD.havingchanging;mad
5.__________modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalways
beindemand.
A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.If
6.Youshouldaskyourteachertomake_______yourcomposition,thenyoucanreviseit.
A.commentonB.commentsaboutC.commentsuponC.commentupon,
7.Thescientist__________theexperimentwithgrowingpears,whichwasverysuccessful.
A.madeB.conductedC.inventedD.discovered
8.Whentheheadmasterspokeouthisplan,the______ofthestudentsintheclass________againstit.
A.majority;wereB.most;wereC.most;didD.majority;did
9.Everything_______intoconsideration,weoughttohaveanotherchance.
A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking
10.Thinkofthebodylikeaschool.Atthetopoftheschool______theheadmaster________asthebrain.
A.is;knownB.is;knowingC.are;knownD.are;knowing
(三)根据方框内所给短语的适当形式完成句子
A
pushaheadwith,pointout,onthewaytodoingsth,toywith,
forsale,ingeneral,asawhole,incompleteagreementwith,
1.I’mwell_________completingthereport.
2.Hewasalwaysverykeento__________mymistakes.
3.Thehouse_________belongstoMr.Smith.
4.___________,youalwayshavebetterideasthanme.
5.Itishardto______________suchanunhappypolicy.
6.Shejust___________herfood,asshewasn’treallyhungry.
7.Onthisone,Ifindmyself__________________manyofthepresident'sownparty.
8.Economicgrowthfor2008__________islikelytoexceed6%
B
turnout,hesitatetodosth,beconcernedabout,meetone’sneeds
atafastpace,useup,haveeffectson,afterall
1.Itis________thecustomers’________thathasmadechainstoressopopularinbigcitiesinChina.
2.Itisnecessaryforthegovernmentto________thegrowthoftheyoungergeneration.
3.Don’tgetdiscouragedbysetbacks,wearenewtothework________.
4.Themancallinghimselfamanagertobeamurderer.
5.Weareatyourservice.Don’t________turntousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.
6.—Tom,wouldyoupleaselendmesomepaper?
—Sorry,mine________.
7.Indoingso,
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