最新阅读理解科普环保练习全集及解析.docx
- 文档编号:26665231
- 上传时间:2023-06-21
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:29
- 大小:57.17KB
最新阅读理解科普环保练习全集及解析.docx
《最新阅读理解科普环保练习全集及解析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《最新阅读理解科普环保练习全集及解析.docx(29页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
最新阅读理解科普环保练习全集及解析
最新阅读理解(科普环保)练习全集及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读理解
Researchershavefoundbeescandobasicmathematics,inadiscoverythatdeepensourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Recently,AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction(减法).
Solvingmathproblemsrequiresacomplexlevelofinvolvingthementalmanagementofnumbers,long-termrulesandshort-termworkingmemory.ThefindingthateventhetinybrainofahoneybeecangraspbasicmathematicaloperationshasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence,particularlyinimprovingrapidlearning.
RMIT'sProfessorAdrianDyersaidnumerical(数字的)operationslikeadditionandsubtractionarecomplexbecausetheyrequiretwolevelsofprocessing.“Youneedtobeabletoholdtherulesaroundaddingandsubtractinginyourlong-termmemory,whilementallyusingskillfullyasetofgivennumbersinyourshort-termmemory,”Dyersaid.“Ontopofthis,ourbeesalsousedtheirshort-termmemoriestosolvearithmeticproblems,astheylearnedtorecognizeplusorminusasabstractconcepts.”
Thefindingssuggestthatadvancednumericalcognition(认知)maybefoundmuchmorewidelyinnatureamongnon-humananimalsthanpreviouslysuspected.
“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”saidDyer.
Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.
Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(灵长目动物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.
(1)WhathavetheresearchersfromRMITUniversitydiscovered?
A. Therelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.
B. Long-termrulesandshorttermworkingmemory.
C. Beescanperformcomplexarithmeticoperations.
D. Beescandobasicmathematics.
(2)AccordingtoAdrianDyer,bees'numericalcognition________.
A. requiresadditionandsubtractiontwocomplexprocessing
B. hasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofAI
C. onlyinvolvestheirshort-termworkingmemory
D. callsforalotofmathsknowledge
(3)Whatdoesthefindingofthenewresearchsuggest?
A. Beescanrecogizetheexactnumber.
B. Arithmeticoperationsexistinhumanandbees.
C. Numericalcognitionhasbeenfoundinmanymorespecies.
D. Someprimates,birdsandevenspiderscanaddandsubstract.
(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. ADiscoveryAbouttheTinyBrainofBees
B. NewFindingsAboutBeesHavingNumericalCogintion
C. NumericalCognitionRequiresaComplexLevelofProcessing
D. TheRelationshipBetweenBrainSizeandBrainPower
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。
此前的研究表明,一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。
发表在《科学进展》(ScienceAdvances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction(减法).”澳大利亚证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。
”可知,RMIT大学的 研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑,那么在设计中,我们也可能有新的方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动,从而提高人工智能对新问题的快速学习,可知,AdrianDyer认为,蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异,并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。
但是数字认知,比如精确的数字和算术运算,需要更复杂的处理。
可知,新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。
故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段中的“Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(灵长目动物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.”此前的研究表明,一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。
发表在《科学进展》(ScienceAdvances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。
”故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.
Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.
Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.
Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.
"Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,"saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.
(1)WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?
A. Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.
B. Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.
C. TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.
D. Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.
(2)What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?
A. Lackingprotection.
B. Beingstuckbyplastics.
C. Beingcaughtbyhumans. D. Treatingplasticsasfood.
(3)WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?
A. Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.
B. Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.
C. It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.
D. Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.
(4)Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A. Abiologytextbook.
B. Atravelbrochure.
C. Anenvironmentalreport.
D. Alifestylemagazine.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater. ”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在,可知作者提到thePilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.”一些明显受到伤害,被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。
可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。
可知选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题,可推知选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知,本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。
是一篇环境保护类阅读,因此选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.
Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.
Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.
LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican-basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSzakytoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)that"removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough."Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle-usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.
Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.
JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon-profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat"GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability."ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.
Loopissettolaunchlaterthis
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 最新 阅读 理解 科普 环保 练习 全集 解析