英语专业本科毕业论文定稿.docx
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英语专业本科毕业论文定稿.docx
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英语专业本科毕业论文定稿
毕业论文
论《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》中的
哥特式情结
学校
专业
姓名
学号
班级
指导教师
院系
二○一一年二月
论《献给艾米丽的一支玫瑰花》中的
哥特式情结
摘要
美国作家威廉.福克纳的作品《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》被视为美国南方哥特式小说的杰作。
这部小说讲述了爱米丽小姐悲惨的一生,充满悬疑,耐人寻味。
这篇论文主要从几个角度讨论了《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》的哥特式风格。
这篇论文分为四部分,第一部分,对威廉.福克纳和他的短篇小说《献给艾米莉的玫瑰花》作了简要的介绍,并且指出了这篇论文的目的和意义。
第二部分主要介绍了哥特式文学的来源和哥特式特点在文学上的体现。
第三部分,也是这篇论文最重要部分,通过分析环境描写,主题,叙述方式还有人物描写来体现《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》中的哥特式特点或风格。
最后部分对这篇论文作了总结,它所得出的结论是《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》很多方面体现了哥特式特点,并且因为它的哥特式特点作者才成功地表达了他所想表达的主题。
关键词:
哥特情结;环境描写;主题;叙述方式;人物
StudyontheGothicComplexinARoseforEmily
Abstract
ARoseforEmilywrittenbyAmericanwriterWilliamFaulknerisregardedastherepresentativeworkofsoutherngothicfictionofAmerica.ThestorywritesMissEmily’stragiclifeandit’sfullofsuspenseandintenselyinteresting.
ThispaperdiscussestheGothiccharacteristicsofARoseforEmilyonseveralangles,anditisdividedintofourparts.
Inthefirstpart,itintroducestheWilliamFaulknerandhisARoseforEmilybrieflyandpointsouttheaimandthesignificanceofthestudy.
Inthesecondpartitintroducesthegothiccharacteristicsinliterature.Inthethirdpartwhichisthemostimportantpart,itpointsoutthattheauthorusesgothiccharacteristicsfromfouraspectsofthedescriptionofenvironment,thetheme,thenarrativeway,andthecharacter.Inthelastpart,itconcludesthattheauthorcombinesgothiccharacteristicswiththerealisticcontentsuccessfullyandexpresseshiscomplicatedfeelingpreciselybecauseofusinggothiccharacteristics.
Keywords:
gothiccomplex;environmentdescription;theme;narrativeway;character
Contents
StudyontheGothicComplexin
ARoseforEmily
1.Introduction
1.1AbriefintroductionofWilliamFaulknerandhisARoseforEmily
WilliamFaulknerisoneofthemostdistinguishwriterinAmericanliterature.HewasbornandlivedintheSouth,whichinfluencedhimgreatly,therefore,mostofhisworksdescribedthepeopleandtheirlivesintheSouth.AstheappearanceofFaulkner,theSouthappearedtheliterarygloriesof“theSouthRenaissance”,whicheverwascalled“theliterarydesert."(YuJianhua,TheSecondProsperousofAmericanLiterature,460).
Heinventedacountyandatowninhisimagination,andhewroteaboutthesocietyintheSouthbyinventingfamilieswhichrepresenteddifferentsocialforces:
theold,decayingupperclass;therising,ambitious,unscrupulousclassof“poorwhites”;andtheNegroeswholaboredforbothofthem.HismajorworksincludedSartoris,TheUnvanquished,TheSoundandtheFury,AsILayDying,TheTownandARoseforEmily(LaurenceB.Holland,TheNortonAnthologyofAmericanLiterary,534-537).
Publishedin1930,ARoseforEmilywasoneofthebestknownandthemostwidelyreadnovelamongWilliamFaulkner’sshortstories.ThestorytookplaceinamythicaltownthatWilliamFaulknercalledJefferson,Mississippi.ThestoryhappenedattheperiodofthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturieswhenthetownwaslearningtolivewithSouth’slossintheCivilWarandtheconsequentdismantlingoftheslavery-basedsocietythathadprecededit.BecauseofthelossintheCivilWar,peopleinthesouthledapoorlife.Especiallythewhitepeople,theirlifesuddenlybecomepoorbecausemostoftheslaveswenttothenorthtoworkforthenorthernindustry,sothewhitepeoplecouldn’tgetaccustomedtothelifechangeinashorttime,buttheystillpretendedtobenobleandkepttheirfamily’sdignity(HowardClincotton,AmericanHistory,30).
Thestorydescribedawhitewoman,Emily’stragiclifeundertheSouth’slossintheCivilWar.Emily’slifewasstronglydominatedbyherfather,andshehadnorighttodatewithmalesandchooseherlover.Afterherfather’sdeath,shecouldonlydatewithanorthernworker.Buttoherdisappointment,theworkerrefusedtomarryher,andtherefusaldrovehertokillhimbyusingpoison,andshelethisbodycompanyher.AfterEmily’sdeath,thetownpeoplediscoveredaskeletoninthehouse,andfoundoutthatthepoorEmilywasamurder,andpeoplewereshockedbythediscovery.
Thematically,thisshortstoryisnotassimpleasitseems.Theconflictsinthestorycanbeinterpretedondifferentlevels.Onthesuperficiallevel,itwasamurderstorywithgothiccharacteristics.Itdescribedaneccentricwomanwholivedinherolddecayingmysterioushousethatotherpeoplehadnotvisitedfordecades,and,ofcourse,adeadbodyinthehousefinallywasdiscoveredaftersomanyyears.Onanotherlevel,thestorycanbereadasaconflictbetweentheSouthandtheNorthwithEmilyrepresentingthedecliningSouthandHomerBarronrepresentingtheNorth.Onadeeperlevel,thestoryexplorestheinnerworldofahumanbeing,ortheinnerstruggleinthehumanheart.
1.2IntroductionoftheGothicCharacteristicsinLiterature
Theword“Goth”camefromthenameofaGermanictribe.Thegothicpeoplewerefamousfortheirbrutalanduncivilizedfeatures.TheyeverlivedinnorthEurope,theninvadedinRomeEmpirefromthethirdADcenturytothefifthADcentury,andsetmanykingdomsinItaly,Spain,southpartofFranceandNorthAfrica.Athousandyearslater,aftertheRomeEmpirediedout,ItalianVasari(1511--1574)usedthe"Goth"forthefirsttimetorefertoanarchitecturalstyleinmiddleage,whichwas"tallsharppointed,vaultedroofortower,narrowwindows,colorfulglass,darknesshouses,gloomyladders."(XiaoMinghan,CriticismofForeignLiterature,9)ThegothicarchitecturewasoriginatedinFrancein11thcentury,anditwaspopularinEuropefrom13thcenturyto15thcentury.Thiskindofarchitecturestylemostlyisseeninthechurch,andalsoincommonarchitecture.Thegothicarchitecturehasahighstatusinthehistoryofarchitecturebecauseofitsexcellentskillanditsachievementinthefieldofart.Thegothiccharacteristicsnotonlyappearinarchitecture,butalsoappearinmanyfieldssuchasliterature,movie,musicandclothing.
Theso-called“GothicRevival"appearedinaspectsofarchitectureandliteratureduringeighteenthcenturytonineteenthcentury,whichwasthegloomyanddepressedtoneinmiddleage.Meanwhile,someliteraryworksenjoyedthesametonewith"Gothicfiction"inthetime.TakeHoraceWalpoleforexample,his"TheCastleofOtranto"setanexampleforearlyclassicgothicfiction.Thebirthof"Gothicfiction”wasnotonlyrelatedwiththe"Gothicfeeling"ofthecemeterypoetryofEngland,butrelatedwiththe"Gothiccharacteristics",theaestheticstandardofEdmundBurke(1729-1797)aswell.
Thegothiccharacteristicsinliteraturearethatthestorymostlytakesplaceinadistantagesanddesolateplaces,thecharactersarelockedorimprisonedinnarrowspacesorinamysteriousgothicbuildingandsuspenseoftenmingleswithlove.Therearesomeusualwaysofsuspense,suchasmysteriousinheritance,secretantecedents,lostwill,thesecretoffamily,ancestralcurseandsoon.Andattheendofthestory,themysteryorthesuspenseissolved,theevildoerisdiscoveredandtheimpedimentofthelovebetweentheheroandtheheroineisbrushedaside.Comparedwithromanticfiction,thegothicfictionmostlydescribesadventurousstoryandtheimpedimentoflovemostlyiscausedbytheevildoer,whiletheromanticfictionmostlydescribesthefamily’striviality,andtheimpedimentoftheloveintheromanticfictionbetweencharactersiscausedbythem.Thethemeofthegothicstorymostlyrevealsthroughdeath,murder,violenceandhorriblescene.Inashort,thenovelswiththegothiccharacteristicsrevealamysterious,horrible,depressedandgloomyatmosphere.Sincethe18thcentury,thegothiccharacteristicshadbeenusedintheliteraryworkspopularly,andtherearemanyfamousnovelswiththegothiccharacteristics,suchasJaneEyre,WutheringHeights,NotreDamedeParis,ARoseforEmilyandsoon.ARoseforEmilyisespeciallythemostrepresentativeworkofgothicfiction.
2.LiteratureReview
AfterIlookupinCNKI,ChinaJournalNet,VIPinformationandotherjournalsIhavefoundtwoacademicjournalsthatareconsistentwithmythesis.Ifoundthreesimilarpapers,theyareZhangQi,Zhangxuezhu.ARoseforEmilyontheGothicFeatures【M】.LeshanTeachersCollege,2003,11,HuangFuYan,2011,roseashes,loveintoapoem-ontheGothicfeaturesofEmilyRose,"we"andYuhuanHuan,2009.8WilliamFaulknerdedicatedtoAmy•GothicRoseLiinthecomplex"JiannanLiterature",andtheirmainviewisthat"ARoseforEmily"isanoutstanding20thcenturyAmericannovelistWilliamFaulkner'sshortstories.AstrikingfeatureofthisnovelistheuseofGothicMarxism.ThisarticlewillfocusontheGothiccomplexin"ARoseforEmily"inordertohelpreadersbetterunderstandthismasterpiece.In"ARoseforEmily",Faulknerusesthegothicliteraryartisticexpression,makingtheircharacterization,descriptionofenvironment,atmosphere,settingandplotareallrenderedwithrichGothiccolors,throughthedescriptionofAiMillie'slifetragedytoexposethedarksideofSouthernsociety,accusedtheSouthPuritantraditionandpatriarchalsocietythepersecutionofwomen.
3.TheGothicCharacteristicsinARoseforEmily
SavoyEric(1970)mentioned:
“it’sverycontradictorythatakindofliterature,whichistwinedbytheimmortalhistoryandattractedbyqueergrief,cameintobeinginthecountrywhichbelievesinfreedomandpursuesthehappinessofindividual.”HesaidironicallytheexistenceofgothiccharacteristicsinAmericanliterature.Althoughthesocietyadvocatedpursuinghappinessandfreedom,theunfairnessanduglinessstillexistedandthenthegothicliteratureappeared.Faulkner,theauthorofthisnovellivedinaspecialen
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