英语课程标准英文版之欧阳科创编.docx
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英语课程标准英文版之欧阳科创编.docx
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英语课程标准英文版之欧阳科创编
NewEnglishCurriculumforChinesePrimarySchoolsandJunior/SeniorMiddleSchools
时间:
2021.02.05
创作:
欧阳科
ExperimentalVersiondraftedbytheEducationMinistryofthePRC
Noteonthistranslation
ThisEnglishversionofChina’snewcurriculumforEnglishisintendedforVSOvolunteerswhowouldliketofeelbetterinformedaboutadocumentthatiscentraltoourwork.However,itshouldinnowayberegardedasanofficialtranslation.Infact,itisneitherawordforwordtranslationnorasummary.Theappendixtotheoriginal,whichincludeslistsofspecificlanguageitemstobemastered,hasbeenomitted,ashavesomeleveldescriptorsandsamplelearningactivities.Despitetryingtomakeitmorereadable,thisversionreflectstherepetitivenatureoftheoriginal,withthesamekeywordscroppingupoverandoveragain.Volunteersshouldalsorefertothemoreofficial(butstillnotcompletelyofficial!
)translationofthenewEnglishcurriculumspecificallyforseniormiddleschoolsavailablefromtheProgrammeOffice.Anyfeedbackonthisversionwouldbewelcome.
TimMartin
ShaanxiInstituteofEducation,October2005
Part1:
Introduction
Withtheadventoftheinformationageandtheglobaleconomy,Englishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Englishisthedominantcarrierofinformationandthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.ManycountrieshavemadeEnglishacornerstoneofqualityeducationwhendevelopingstrategiesforbasiceducation.
SinceChina’sreformandopening,thescaleofitsEnglisheducationhascontinuallygrown,attendedbysignificantachievementsinteachingandlearning.However,Englisheducationinitscurrentformisfailingtomeettheneedsofcontemporarysocialandeconomicdevelopment.
ThecurrentroundofreformstotheEnglishcurriculumaimtoendthefollowingpractices:
●Over-emphasizingthetransmissionandexplanationofknowledgeaboutgrammarandvocabulary
●Neglectingtodevelopstudents’abilitytouselanguageforreal
Intheirplace,thereformsaimtoestablishacurriculumthat:
●Developsstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence
●Motivatesstudents,isrelevanttotheirlifeexperiencesandcognitivelevel
●Promotestask-basedteachingmethods
●Involvesstudentsinexperiential,practical,participatoryandcooperativelearning
●Developsstudents’positiveattitudes,thinkingskills,practicalabilities,culturalawarenessandautonomythroughthelanguagelearningprocess
1.TheNatureoftheNewCurriculum
ThenewEnglishcurriculumstrivestoaccomplishfarmorethanjusthelpstudentslearnEnglish.AtonelevellearningEnglishshouldinvolvehelpingstudentsto:
●Developacertainlevelofcomprehensivelanguagecompetenceandtheabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication
●Mastercertainbasiclanguageknowledge
●Masterlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskills
However,atanotherlevelthecurriculumshouldalsoservestudents’all-rounddevelopment,providingthemwithopportunitiesto:
●StrengthentheirinterestinstudyingEnglish
●Growinself-discipline,perseveranceandself-confidence
●Improvetheircooperative,investigativeandthinkingabilities
●Developtheirmemory,imaginationandcreativity
●Adoptgoodstudyhabitsandeffectivelearningstrategies
●Developasautonomousandlifelonglearners
●Buildmoralintegrityandahealthyoutlookonlife
●Establishbothnationalspiritandanawarenessofandrespectforculturaldifferences
●Broadentheirhorizonsandenrichtheirlifeexperience
●Takepartinculturallife
●Developasindividuals
2.BasicPrinciplesoftheNewCurriculum
Thecurriculumpromotesqualityeducation(asopposedtoexam-orientatededucation)andtheall-rounddevelopmentofthestudents
Topromotequalityeducationparticularattentionmustbepaidto:
●Valuingeachstudent’sfeelings
●Stimulatingstudents’interestinstudyingEnglish
●Helpingstudentsgainasenseofachievementandself-confidence
Thecurriculummustgobeyonddevelopingstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetencetoincludeareassuchas:
●Improvingstudents’abilitytocontributetoculturalandsociallife
●Developingstudents’practicalabilities
●Fosteringstudents’creativity
Thecurriculumobjectivesareholisticandflexible.
ThefundamentalaimofthenewEnglishcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thisaimisbrokendownintofivegeneralobjectives.Theseobjectivesarethendividedintonineabilitylevelswithdescriptorsprovidedforeachlevel.Thefivegeneralobjectivesare:
1.LanguageSkills
2.LanguageKnowledge
3.AttitudestoLearning
4.LearningStrategies
5.CulturalAwareness
Thisdesignallowsstudentstoprogresssystematicallythrougheachlevelwhilstmeetingthefullrangeofthecurriculum’sdemands.
Studentsareputatthecentreofthecurriculumandindividualdifferencesarerespected
Students’mustbeattheheartofthenewcurriculum.Forexample,theirdevelopmentalneedsmustbethecentralconsiderationwhendeveloping:
●Curriculumobjectives
●Theteachingandlearningprocess
●Theassessmentprocess
●Teachingandlearningresources
Whenimplementingthecurriculumeachstudentmustbeallowedtodevelopindividuallyundertheguidanceoftheteacher:
Thecurriculumpromotesactivity-basedmethods,experientialandparticipatorylearning
Thecurriculumpromotestask-basedlearningwhereby,undertheguidanceoftheteacher,thestudentsgainasenseofachievementbyreachingthegoalsofthetask.Taskcompletionwillinvolvethefollowingtypesoflearning:
●Sensory
●Experiential
●‘Handson’/practical
●Participatory
●Cooperative
Inordertoimprovetheirabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication,studentsshouldalsobeableto:
●Adjusttheirlearningstrategiesandcontroltheiremotions
●Formpositiveattitudestowardslearning
Thecurriculumrecognizestheimportantroleofformativeassessmentinpromotingstudent’development
Theassessmentsystemshouldcombineformativewithsummativeassessment.Thepurposesofassessmentshouldbeto:
●Promotestudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence
●Encourageandmotivatestudents
●Helpstudentsbecomemoreautonomouslearners
●Benefitstudents’healthypersonaldevelopment
●Giveteachersusefulfeedbackfromwhichtodevelopteachingandlearning
●InformtheongoingdevelopmentandperfectionoftheEnglishcurriculum
FormativeassessmentshouldbeanimportantpartoftheEnglishteachingandlearningprocesswithaparticularemphasison:
●Encouragingstudents’activeparticipationinlearning
●Improvingstudents’self-confidence
Summativeassessmentshouldfocuson:
●Testingstudents’integratedlanguageskills
●Testingstudents’abilitytouselanguage
Thecurriculumexpandstherangeoflearningresourcesandopportunitiesavailable
Thecurriculumshouldstrivetouseanddevelopresourceswhosecontentis:
●Realistic
●Closetothestudents’lives
●Contemporary
●Healthy
●Richandvaried
Activeuseshouldbemadeof:
●Audiovisualmaterial
●Printmedia
●TheInternet
Studentsshouldbeencouragedtotakeresponsibilityforfinding,usinganddevelopinglearningresourcesthemselves.
3.TheCurriculumDesign
Thecurriculumfollowstheinternationalpracticeofdividingthegeneralobjectivesintodifferentabilitylevels.Whendesigningtheseninelevelsconsiderationwasgiventothefollowing:
●Thenatureoflanguagedevelopment
●Thedifferentneedsofdifferentagegroups
●Theneedsofdifferentethnicgroupsandareas
●TheeconomicimbalancesthatexistinChina
Theaimistohavedesignedasystemthatisholisticandflexible.
Thecorrespondencebetweenthelevelsystemandthegradesystemisshowninthefollowingdiagram:
PrimarySchool
Worktowards:
Notes
Grade3
Level1
StudentsshouldstartstudyingEnglishinGrade3
Grade4
Level1
Grade5
Level2
Grade6
Level2
Therequiredstandardfortheendofprimaryschool
JuniorMiddleSchool
Worktowards:
Notes
Grade7(=Junior1)
Level3
Grade8(=Junior2)
Level4
Grade9(=Junior3)
Level5
Therequiredstandardfortheendofjuniormiddleschool
SeniorMiddleSchool
Worktowards:
Notes
Senior1
Level6
Senior2
Level7
Senior3
Level8
Therequiredstandardforseniormiddleschoolgraduation
Level9
Anextensionlevelforspecialistschoolsandablestudents
Diagram1:
TheLevelsandtheGrades
Part2:
IntroductiontoTheGeneralObjectives
Thefundamentalaimofthenewcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thiscomprehensivelanguagecompetenceisachievedthroughthefivegeneralobjectivesasshowninthefollowingdiagram:
Diagram2:
TheGeneralObjectives
Afurtherdiagramillustratesthemorecomprehensivenatureofthenewcurriculumcomparedtotheoldone:
ComprehensiveLanguageCompetence
Diagram3:
ComparisonoftheOldandNewCurriculums
●Languageskillsandknowledgeformthebasisofcomprehensivelanguagecompetence
●Thestudents’attitudestolearningstronglyinfluencetheirlearninganddevelopment
●Successfullearningstrategiesimprovetheeffectivenessofstudents’learning
●Culturalawarenessensuresstudentsuselanguageappropriately
Theoveralldescriptorsforcomprehensivelanguagecompetence(i.e.acombinationofallfivegeneralobjectives)forLevels1to9arepresentedbelow:
Level
Descriptors
1
StudentsarecuriousaboutEnglishandenjoylisteningtopeoplespeakingEnglish.Theycan:
●Playgames,doactionsandactivities(e.g.colouring,joininglines)accordingtosimpleinstructionsfromtheteacher
●Performsimpleroleplays
●SingsimpleEnglishsongs
●Saysimplerhymesandchants
●Understandsimplestoriesbywiththeaidofpictures
●Commu
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