雅思阅读长难句的重点信息搜寻法.docx
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雅思阅读长难句的重点信息搜寻法.docx
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雅思阅读长难句的重点信息搜寻法
雅思阅读长难句的重点信息搜寻法
雅思阅读中的*以"篇幅长;单词多"著称,每篇*中都含有大量的长难句。
下面给大家带来了雅思阅读长难句的重点信息搜寻法,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧
雅思阅读长难句的重点信息搜寻法
1雅思阅读技巧--借用文中的"特殊符号"
雅思阅读中经常出现的特殊符号有破折号;引号;冒号;括号。
其中大多情况下两个破折号或两个逗号中间所夹杂的文字信息叫做"插入成分";插入成分就是解释说明前面的信息。
此外,冒号后面的内容也是起解释说明的作用。
如何利用这些特殊符号请看以下的例子:
雅思剑桥真题4(以下简称剑4)上72页C段第二小段第一句话为:
Sometimesitisslow:
vastbubblesofmagma-moltenrockfromthemantle-inchtowardsthesurface,coolingslowly,toshowthroughasgraniteextrusions(asonSkye,ortheGreatWhinSill,thelavadykesqueezedoutliketoothpastethatcarriespartofHadriansWallinnorthernEngland).很多学生一看到文中出现了magma;mantle以及granite等词就开始有些晕。
其实如果大家可以看到"itisslow"后面出现了特殊符号"冒号",那直接看冒号后面的信息就好了;而下文又出现了两个破折号解释前面。
如此一来,"vastbubblesofmagma"这4个词就成了这句话的重点内容了。
2雅思阅读技巧--连词来搜索关键信息
大家读到的阅读*中充满着大量的逻辑关系,比如递进关系,转折关系或比较关系。
其中大多数转折连词(but;however;nevertheless等)后面接续的都是重点,那么我们该如何利用这些连接词呢?
请看下面的一个例子:
剑9上97页A段第六行有一句话是这样的:
Museumsusedtolook-andsomestilldo-muchlikestorageroomsofobjectspackedtogetherinshowcases:
goodforscholarswhowantedtostudythesubtledifferencesindesign,butnotfortheordinaryvisitor,towhomitalllookedalike.这句话一共有42个单词,那么大的信息量到底哪些是重点呢?
借用上文说到的特殊符号冒号后面是关键信息这一说法,"showcases"后面出现了冒号,那么冒号前面的文字都可以不用看了。
如果再往下读,一个"but"转折连词就会出现在我们面前,而"towhomitalllookedalike"是一个非限定性定语从句,即使去掉,主句的意思和逻辑关系也不受影响。
这样一来,这句话最关键的信息就成了:
butnotfortheordinaryvisitor这6个单词了。
3雅思阅读技巧--使用宾语从句知识
如果一个句子中出现show;suggest;display;illustrate;indicate等意思为"表明"或"展示"的谓语动词的时候,它们后面都可以接宾语从句,而这些宾语从句大多数都比较重要。
如此一来,大家就不用太去纠结主句该怎么翻译了,而在考试的时候也没有那么多时间去逐字翻译。
例如:
剑桥雅思6的94页D段倒数第二句话:
InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwo-yearperiod,bullyingwashalved.这句话虽然有一堆逗号,但是大家可以一点点往后推:
跳过InNorway这两个词,再跳过after引导的状语从句,就会发现后面出现"…suggestthat…"宾语从句,即后面是重点信息。
"overatwo-yearperiod"这个时间段不是重点,因此也可以直接跳过,然后大家会发现这句话就只剩下了"bullyingwashalved"这3个词了。
雅思阅读全真模考题:
淡水危机
Crisis!
FreshWater
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestion1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassagebelow.
A
AsinNewDelhiandPhoenix,policymakersworldwidewieldgreatpoweroverhowwaterresourcesaremanaged.Wiseuseofsuchpowerwillbecomeincreasinglyimportantastheyearsgobybecausetheworldsdemandforfreshwateriscurrentlyovertakingitsreadysupplyinmanyplaces,andthissituationshowsnosignofabating.
B
Thattheproblemiswell-knownmakesitnolessdisturbing:
todayoneoutofsixpeople,morethanabillion,sufferinadequateaccesstosafefreshwater.By2025,accordingtodatareleasedbytheUnitedNations,thefreshwaterresourcesofmorethanhalfthecountriesacrosstheglobewillundergoeitherstress—forexample,whenpeopleincreasinglydemandmorewaterthanisavailableorsafeforuse—oroutrightshortages.Bymidcenturyasmuchasthreequartersoftheearthspopulationcouldfacescarcitiesoffreshwater.
C
Scientistsexpectwaterscarcitytobecomemorecommoninlargepartbecausetheworldspopulationisrisingandmanypeoplearegettingricher(thusexpandingdemand)andbecauseglobalclimatechangeisexacerbatingaridityandreducingsupplyinmanyregions.Whatismore,manywatersourcesarethreatenedbyfaultywastedisposal,releasesofindustrialpollutants,fertilizerrunoffandcoastalinfluxesofsaltwaterintoaquifersasgroundwaterisdepleted.
D
Becauselackofaccesstowatercanleadtostarvation,disease,politicalinstabilityandevenarmedconflict,failuretotakeactioncanhavebroadandgraveconsequences.Fortunately,toagreatextent,thetechnologiesandpolicytoolsrequiredtoconserveexistingfreshwaterandtosecuremoreofitareknownamongwhichseveralseemparticularlyeffective.Whatisneedednowisaction.Governmentsandauthoritiesateverylevelhavetoformulateandexecuteconcreteplansforimplementingthepolitical,economicandtechnologicalmeasuresthatcanensurewatersecuritynowandinthecomingdecades.
E
Theworldswaterproblemsrequires,asastart,anunderstandingofhowmuchfreshwatereachpersonrequires,alongwithknowledgeofthefactorsthatimpedesupplyandincreasedemandindifferentpartsoftheworld.MalinFalkenmarkoftheStockholmInternationalWaterInstituteandotherexpertsestimatethat,onaverage,eachpersonontheearthneedsaminimumof1,000cubicmeters(m3)ofwater.Theminimumwatereachpersonrequiresfordrinking,hygieneandgrowingfood.ThevolumeisequivalenttotwofifthsofanOlympic-sizeswimmingpool.
F
MuchoftheAmericasandnorthernEurasiaenjoyabundantwatersupplies.Butseveralregionsarebesetbygreaterorlesserdegreesof"physical"scarcity—wherebydemandexceedslocalavailability.Otherareas,amongthemCentralAfrica,partsoftheIndiansubcontinentandSoutheastAsia,contendwith"economic"waterscarcity,wherelackoftechnicaltraining,badgovernmentsorweakfinanceslimitaccesseventhoughsufficientsuppliesareavailable.
G
Morethanhalfoftheprecipitationthatfallsonlandisneveravailableforcaptureorstoragebecauseitevaporatesfromthegroundortranspiresfromplants;thisfractioniscalledgreenwater.Theremainderchannelsintoso-calledblue-watersources—rivers,lakes,wetlandsandaquifers—thatpeoplecantapdirectly.Farmirrigationfromthesefree-flowingbodiesisthebiggestsinglehumanuseoffreshwater.Citiesandindustriesconsumeonlytinyamountsoftotalfreshwaterresources,buttheintenselocaldemandtheycreateoftendrainsthesurroundingsofreadysupplies.
H
LotsofWater,butnotalwayswhereitisneededonehundredandtenthousandcubickilometersofprecipitation,nearly10timesthevolumeofLakeSuperior,fallsfromtheskyontotheearthslandsurfaceeveryyear.Thishugequantitywouldbeenoughtoeasilyfulfilltherequirementsofeveryoneontheplanetifthewaterarrivedwhereandwhenpeopleneededit.Butmuchofitcannotbecaptured(top),andtherestisdistributedunevenly(bottom).Greenwater(61.1%oftotalprecipitation.:
absorbedbysoilandplants,thenreleasedbackintotheair;unavailableforwithdrawal.Bluewater(38.8%oftotalprecipitation.:
collectedinrivers,lakes,wetlandsandgroundwater;availableforwithdrawalbeforeitevaporatesorreachestheocean.Thesefiguresmaynotaddupto100%becauseofrounding.Only1.5%isdirectlyusedbypeople.
I
Watersrunawayintremendouswildfiresinrecentyears.Theeconomicactorshadalltakentheirsharereasonablyenough;theyjustdidnotconsidertheneedsofthenaturalenvironment,whichsufferedgreatlywhenitsinadequatesupplywasreducedtocriticallevelsbydrought.ThemembersoftheMurray-DarlingBasinCommissionarenowfranticallytryingtoextricatethemselvesfromthedisastrousresultsoftheirmisallocationofthetotalwaterresource.Giventhedifficultiesofsensiblyapportioningthewatersupplywithinasinglenation,imaginethecomplexitiesofdoingsoforinternationalriverbasinssuchasthatoftheJordanRiver,whichbordersonLebanon,Syria,Israel,thePalestinianareasandJordan,allofwhichhaveclaimstotheshared,butlimited,supplyinanextremelyparchedregion.Thestruggleforfreshwaterhascontributedtocivilandmilitarydisputesinthearea.Onlycontinuingnegotiationsandcompromisehavekeptthistensesituationundercontrol.
Questions1-5
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?
Inboxes1-5onyouranswersheet,write
TRUEifthestatementistrue
FALSEifthestatementisfalse
NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage
1.Theprospectfortheneedforthefreshwaterworldwideisobscure.
2.Tosomeextent,thechallengeforthefreshwaterisalleviatedbythecommonrecognition.
3.Researchersarriveatthewatercrisisbasedonpersuasiveconsiderationofseveralfactors.
4.Thefactthatpeopledonotactuallycherishtheusageofwateralsocontributestothewaterscarcity.
5.Controversycantbeavoidedforadjacentnationsoverthewaterresource.
Questions6-10
ThereadingPassagehaselevenparagraphsA-I
Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?
WritethecorrectletterA-I,inboxes6-10onyouranswersheet
NByoumayuseanylettermorethanonce
6.theunevendistributionofwateraroundtheworld
7.otherfactorsregardingnaturebotheringpeoplewhomakethepolicies
8.jointeffortsneededtocarryoutthedetailedsolutionscombinedwithvariousaspects
9.noalways-in-timematchavailablebetweentherequirementsandtheactualrainfall
10.thelowerlimitoftheamountoffreshwaterforapersontosurvive
Questions11-13
Summary
CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage,usingNoMorethanThreewordsfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes11-13onyouranswersheet.
Manysevereproblemslikestarvationandmilitaryactionsetc.resultfromtheshortageofwaterwhichsometimesforsomeareasseems11becauseofunavailabilitybutotherregionssufferotherkindofscarcityforinsufficientsupport.12oftherainfallcantbeachievedbecauseofevaporation.Someotherpartsformthe13whichcanbeusedimmediately.Watertoirrigatethefarmlandtakesaconsiderableamountalongwiththeuseforcitiesandindustriesandtheextendedneedfromthepeopleinvolved.
*题目:
Crisis!
FreshWater
篇章结构:
体裁:
论说文
主题:
淡水资源紧缺
结构:
A段:
提出问题,点明淡水资源供小于求的情况
B段:
数据预测未来缺水情形
C段:
导致缺水预期普遍化的几个因素
D段:
保护水资源需要采取的行动
E段:
了解水资源问题1首先要了解个人淡水需求量
F段:
了解水资源问题2其次要了解世界不同地方阻碍淡水供应因素(如:
物理缺水,经济缺水等,即缺水类型)
G段:
了解水资源问题3可利用降水量少,本地需求大
H段:
3降水量时空分布不均,可利用降水占比少
I段:
合理分配水资源的困难
试题解析:
Questions1-5:
l题目类型:
True/Fal
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