高三英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修.docx
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高三英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修.docx
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高三英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修
2019-2020年高三英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(xx·广西重点高中二模)
Peoplelovecellphones,whichiswhyninetenAmericansownone.Butdoesheavyuseofcellphonesposeariskofcancer?
Thisquestionhascausedcontroversyformanyyears.Anewstudyinratsnowaugmentsthoseconcerns.Itsdatalinkedlongterm,intenseexposuretoradiationfromcellphoneswithanincreasedriskofcancerintheheartorbrain.Theresultshaveyettobeconfirmed,theauthorsnote.
Indeed,althoughtheratstudyfoundalinkbetweencellphoneradiationandcancer,itoffersnocluestowhysuchalinkmightexist,notesJonathanSamet.HeteachespreventativemedicineanddirectstheInstituteforGlobalHealthattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles.Still,hecallsthenewstudy'sfindings“significant”.Theycouldleadtostudiesresearchinghowcellphoneradiationmightcausecancer,hesays.
Phonesignalsarerelayedbetweencelltowersandcellphonesviaradiowaves.Thisradiofrequency—orRF—radiationisatypeknownasnonionizing(非电离的).UnlikeXrays,nonionizingradiationdoesnotdepositenoughenergyintocellstoreleaseelectronsfromatomsormolecules,producingions.Soittendstobefarlessharmfulthanionizingradiation,suchasXrays.Butthatdoesnotmeanradiowavesmightnotcauseharm.
Inverylargedoses(量)thisradiationwillheatthebodyandcausetissuedamage.Butit'snotyetknownwhatmuchlowerRFlevelsmightdo,suchasthosefromcellphoneuse.Fiveyearsago,theWorldHealthOrganization'sInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer,orIARC,concludedthatcellphoneuse“ispossiblycarcinogenic(致癌的)”.
Itsconclusionwasbasedonwhatlittleresearchdatawasavailableatthattime.ButnoticethatIARCwasnotcertain.Itsaidonlythatphoneusemight“possibly”causecancer.SoscientistsattheNationalToxicologyProgram,orNTP,investigatedfurther.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。
人们喜欢用手机,90%的美国人都有手机。
那么,过度使用手机是否会有患癌的风险呢?
一项新的研究给出了一些线索。
【难句分析】Indeed,althoughtheratstudyfoundalinkbetweencellphoneradiationandcancer,itoffersnocluestowhysuchalinkmightexist,notesJonathanSamet.
分析:
本句为复合句。
although引导让步状语从句。
whysuchalinkmightexist为why引导的宾语从句,作介词to的宾语。
译文:
JonathanSamet指出,事实上,尽管在老鼠身上进行的研究发现手机辐射和癌症之间有联系,但却没有提供线索表明这种联系为什么可能存在。
1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“augments”?
A.figuresoutB.putsout
C.referstoD.addsto
答案与解析:
D 考查词义猜测。
画线词前面提到过度使用手机是否有患癌的风险这一问题多年来引发的争议不断,再根据画线词后的“concerns”和“Itsdatalinkedlongterm,intenseexposuretoradiationfromcellphoneswithanincreasedriskofcancerintheheartorbrain”可知,现在一项在老鼠身上进行的新研究增加了那些忧虑。
故画线词与addsto意义相近。
2.InwhichaspectdoesJonathanSametthinkthenewstudyinratsissignificant?
A.Itassistshimwithhisteaching.
B.Itindicatesanewresearchdirection.
C.Itwarnspeopletomindcellphonesafety.
D.Itmakesabreakthroughincancerresearch.
答案与解析:
B 考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Theycouldleadtostudiesresearchinghowcellphoneradiationmightcausecancer,hesays”可知,这项研究会促使科学家去查明手机辐射可能是怎样致癌的,也就是说它为科学家提供了一个新的研究方向。
3.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?
A.Howphonesignalsaredelivered.
B.Howcellphonesproduceradiation.
C.Featuresofradiationfromcellphones.
D.Differencesbetweenionizingandnonionizingradiation.
答案与解析:
C 考查主旨要义。
根据第三段的内容尤其是“nonionizingradiationdoesnotdepositenoughenergyintocellstoreleaseelectronsfromatomsormolecules,producingions.Soittendstobefarlessharmfulthanionizingradiation...”可知,本段主要讲的是手机辐射的特点,它是非电离的,其危害性远低于电离辐射。
4.WhatmightbethethemeofNTPscientists'furtherresearch?
A.Whycellphoneusecausescancer.
B.Whethercellphoneusereallycausescancer.
C.Whathealtheffectscellphoneusehas.
D.Howmuchexposuretocellphoneradiationissafe.
答案与解析:
B 考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Itsaidonlythatphoneusemight‘possibly’causecancer.SoscientistsattheNationalToxicologyProgram,orNTP,investigatedfurther”可知,NTP的科学家进一步研究的主题可能是手机使用是否真的会导致癌症。
B
(xx·济南模拟)
AEuropeanUnionprogramislettingblindpeopleexperiencefamouspaintingsforthefirsttime.Itusesthreedimensional(3D)printingtorecreatefamouspaintingssotheycanbetouched.
OnepaintingprintedwiththenewtechnologyisGustavKlimt's“TheKiss”.ItisapopularattractionattheBelvedereMuseuminVienna,Austria.Thepaintingshowsamanandawomanstandinginafieldfilledwithflowers.Theyarewearinggoldrobesandhavetheirarmsaroundeachother.Themanleansdowntokissthewoman.
Klimtfinishedthepaintingin1908.Untilnow,peoplewhohadtroubleseeingcouldnotappreciatetheartwork.Butthankstothereproductiontheycantouchthepieceandfeeltheridgesanddepressions.AndreasReichingerstartedmaking3Dversionsofartworkinxx.Hesaidthisreproductionwashismostdifficultprojectbecausethecouple'srobesaresodetailed.
DominikaRaditschisablindmuseumvisitor.Shetouchedthereproduction.Asshemovedherhandsarounditshesaid,“Exactly,canyouseethese?
Therearesomanydetails.”Raditschsaidshecouldimaginewhattheoriginalpaintinglookslikewhenshetouchedthereproduction.“It'ssomehowround.Youcanfeelit.Youcanfeelit.Iteswithit.Andinmanyplacesit'ssosmooth.AndthenIthinktomyself:
itprobablyshinestoo!
”Raditschsaid.
TheBelvedereisnottheonlymuseumtohave3Dversionsofitsartwork.SomeofthepiecesatthePradoMuseum,inMadrid,Spainhavereproductionsthatcanbetouched.ButthepieceinViennahasonespecialpart:
itismadewithwidelyavailable3Dprintingtechnology.Thatmeansoneday,blindartfansanywhereintheworldcoulddownloadthesourcefilesandprintthereproductionsthemselves.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章讲述了欧盟的一个项目使用3D打印技术重现名画,让它们可以被视障人士触摸到。
5.Whatis“TheKiss”?
A.AEuropeanUnionproject.
B.Apopularpainting.
C.A3Dtechnology.
D.Afamousmuseum.
答案与解析:
B 考查细节理解。
从文章第二段的“OnepaintingprintedwiththenewtechnologyisGustavKlimt’s‘TheKiss’.Itisapopularattraction”可知,(吻)是一幅深受欢迎的画作。
故选B项。
6.WhydidReichingersaythisreproductionwasdifficulttofinish?
A.Thepaintingwasreproduceddetailedly.
B.Theoriginalartworkwasmadein1908.
C.Blindartfanscan'tdownloadthesource.
D.The3Dtechnologyisnotavailable.
答案与解析:
A 考查细节理解。
从文章第三段的最后一句“Hesaidthisreproductionwashismostdifficultprojectbecausethecouple'srobesaresodetailed”可知,AndreasReichinger说《吻》是最难完成的作品,因为那对恋人的长袍细节很多。
故选A项。
B项“原画作制作于1908年”和C项“视障的艺术粉丝们不能下载资源”与该题的要求不符;D项错在“notavailable”,与文章第三段中的“startedmaking3Dversionsofartworkin2010”不符。
7.HowdidRaditschfeelwhenshefirsttouchedthereproduction?
A.Awkward.B.Puzzled.
C.Excited.D.Nervous.
答案与解析:
C 考查推理判断。
从文章第四段中的“Youcanfeelit.Youcanfeelit”可以推测出Raditsch“激动的”心情。
故选C项。
8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.AEuropeanUnionProgramforMuseumVisitors
B.3DPrintingLetstheBlindExperienceFamous
Paintings
C.HowtoReproducetheWorldfamousPaintings
D.ASpecialMuseumforArtFansinVienna,
Austria
答案与解析:
D 考查标题判断。
从文章第一段的内容可以看出,用3D打印技术让视障人士体验名画是文章的中心,下文是围绕该话题展开介绍的。
故选B项。
A项错在“MuseumVisitors”太宽泛;C项“如何复制世界名画”只是文章的一部分,不全面;D项没有突出“3Dprinting”和“blindfans”,故排除。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(xx·长春七校第一次联考)
JakeOlsonlosthislefteyewhenhewaseightmonthsoldbecauseofaborncancer.__1__itwascontrolledthroughtreatments,itreappearedand__2__thelossofhisrighteye.Butafteryearsofcheeringforhisfavoritefootballteam,Jakehas__3__theimpossibledream.He'snowapartoftheteam,despitehistotal__4__,playingthegamenotbasedonsightbuton__5__.
Beinga__6__fanoftheUSCTrojans,oneofJake'slast__7__beforehelosthiseyewastowatchtheteamplayatNotreDame.Hisstronglikingforthesportdidn'tgo__8__—formerUSCcoachPetereachedtheboy,invitinghimtomeetthe__9__.
Inspiredbythoseplayers,Jakehopedtobe__10__inhisschool'sfootballteam.Atfirsthedidn'tthinkhewouldbeofanyreal__11__,butwhenheheardpeople'scheersforfootballplayers,hisloveforfootballstrengthened.SoJake__12__thecoach,askingtojointheteam.Thecoachtoldhimto__13__thenextseason.SoJakespenthistimepracticinghard.__14__,hebecameastarterontheteaminthenextseason.Havingmadehishighschoolfootballteam,itdidn'tseemtoo__15__todothesameincollege.CoachSteveagreedthatJake__16__therequirementsoftheteam.SoJake'sdreamcametrue.
__17__football,Jakeisalsoamotivationalspeaker.“IwentintofootballwiththethoughtthatIhadnothingto__18__,”Jakesaid,“Ireallyhadnofear.Goingthrough__19__inlifedoesmakeyoustronger.Life'sunfair,butit's__20__menottogiveupandkeepfighting.”
【文章大意】'本文是一篇记叙文。
JakeOlson双目失明,但这并没有阻止他对运动的热爱。
他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员,并且他还是一位励志演讲人。
1.A.UnlessB.Though
C.OnlyifD.Nowthat
答案与解析:
B 根据下文的“itwascontrolledthroughtreatments,itreappeared...”可知,此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗,癌症被控制住了,但是它还是复发了,并导致(ledto)JakeOlson失去了他的右眼。
主从句之间存在让步关系,故选Though。
2.A.backedoffB.heldback
C.brokedownD.ledto
答案与解析:
D 参见上题解析。
backoff“退缩,退却”;holdback“抑制,阻止”;breakdown“出故障,崩溃。
”
3.A.forgottenB.quitted
C.realizedD.ignored
答案与解析:
C 但是,在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后,Jake实现了(realized)那个不可能的梦。
下文中的“Jake'sdreamcametrue”亦是提示。
forget“忘记”;quit“放弃”;ignore“忽视”。
4.A.blindnessB.absence
C.deafnessD.innocence
答案与解析:
A 根据上文中的“losthislefteye”“thelossofhisrighteye”可知,此处指尽管Jake双目失明(blindness),但他现在成了球队的一员。
absence“缺席”;deafness“聋”。
5.A.abilityB.guess
C.feelD.imagination
答案与解析:
C 根据上文提到的Jake双目失明的内容可知,此处指的应是他打球靠的不是视力而是感觉(feel)。
ability“能力”;guess“猜测”;imagination“想象”。
6.A.responsibleB.faithful
C.carefulD.temporary
答案与解析:
B 根据语境及上文的“yearsofcheeringforhisfavoritefootballteam”可知,此处指作为USCTrojans球队的忠实粉丝,Jake在失去视力之前最后的愿望(wishes)之一是观看球队在NotreDame的比赛。
responsible“负责任的”;faithful“忠实的”;careful“细心的”;temporary“临时的”。
7.A.chancesB.p
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