高中英语形容词副词.ppt
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高中英语形容词副词.ppt
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形容词和副词,adj&adv,考点:
一.基本用法二.原级、比较级、最高级1.as+原级+as2.比较级+than3.最高级用法三.表示倍数的句型结构四.词义辨析,概念,形容词用于修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。
副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间,地点,程度等概念。
它用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或句子。
形容词的用法及位置,形容词,形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。
通常可划分为:
性质形容词和叙述形容词。
1.直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,有级的变化,在句中做定语、表语、补语。
e.g.:
hot-hotter-hottest2.叙述形容词只能做表语,所以又叫表语形容词,没有级的变化.well/unwell/alike/alive/alone/asleep/awakee.g.Themanisill.e.g.Thegirlisafraid.,复合形容词,主要用作定语,一般不做表语。
1.数词+名词:
afive-yearplan,an800-meter-longtunnel2.形容词+形容词:
absent-mindedchild,open-mindedparents,awarm-heartedperson3.形容词/副词+现在分词:
along-standingfriendship,forward-lookingeducators,long-sufferingperson,agood-lookinggirl4.名词+过去分词:
aman-madelake5.副词+过去分词:
anewly-bulitlibrary,awell-knownwriter6.较多词构成:
aface-to-faceinterview,out-of-dateinformation,adown-to-earthplan,adj作定语,前置定语Adifficultsituation,anefficientapproach/way,livingthings2.后置定语:
1)修饰不定代词:
something,anything,nothing,everythingNothingserious,anythingspecial2)某些a-开首的形容词:
afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,ashamed,awake,awaree.g.Heistheonlymanalive.thingsalive,p.s.前置后置意义1)前后置意义不变(available,possible,imaginable)Heisthebestpersonavailable.Heisthebestavailableperson.2)前后置意义改变:
theresponsibleman可信赖的人themanresponsible应负责的人thepresentmember现在的成员thememberpresent在座的成员,adj作表语,1)be动词(am/is/are/was/were)之后.e.g.Theyarecapableofdoingthejob.Sheisbeautiful.2)系动词(类似于be动词)之后:
appear,seem,look,come,become,keep,prove,remain,run,fall,lay,smell,taste,sound,feel,go,get,grow,turn,cook,die,e.g.remaincalm,gohungry,fallasleep,cometrue,appeareffective,dieyoung,p.s.通常用作表语的形容词:
well,ill,content,fond,glad,likely,ready,sorry,sureHeislikelytoseemetoday.表语Theboyisill/sick.表语Thesickboyislyinginbed.定语illnews,illluck定语,adj作宾语补足语(宾补),Youkeeptheclassroomclean.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语(宾补)Leavemealone,please.谓语宾语宾语补足语(宾补),adj作状语,Shecamehomesick.主语谓语宾语状语Hewenttobed,coldandhungryandexhausted.主语谓语宾语状语,1)形容词表示类别和整体:
1.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,谓语动词用复数。
e.g.thedead,theliving,therich,thepoor,theblind,thehungry.e.g.Thepoorareloosinghope.2.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,谓语动词用复数。
e.g.TheBritish,theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese.e.g.TheEnglishhavewonderfulsenseofhumor.,常考点,2)多个形容词修饰名词的顺序,限定词-品质-(年龄,大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)-出处-材料性质-名词e.g.AvaluableoldbrownFrenchhomemadekitchentable练一练:
1.Tonyisgoingcampingwith_boys.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo,C,2.Onedaytheycrossedthe_bridgebehindthepalace.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold3.-HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?
-Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe_daysattheseaside.A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunnyC.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylastP.S.限定词-数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)-性状大小名词e.g.Thosethreebeautifullargesquares,A,B,副词的用法及位置,副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。
大多数的副词以形容词直接加-ly构成,quick/quickly以-able,-ible结尾的形容词去e加y,comfotable/comfortably以-y结尾的形容词把y变i加-ly,quick/quickly;dizzy/dizzily.,副词的位置1.时间副词和地点副词一般在句尾,两者同时出现时地点副词在时间副词前面。
e.g.Hetoldittomeatshoolyesterday.2.频度副词(always,seldom,often,never,rarely,usually等)通常放在实义动词之前,be动词、情态动词助动词之后。
e.g.Whyareyoualwayscomplainingaboutmycooking?
Iseldomgothere.,3.very:
可以修饰形容词,但是不能修饰动词。
IverylikeEnglish.(错)IlikeEnglishverymuch.(对)4.enough:
Idontknowhimwellenough.(修饰形容词放在后边)Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.(修饰名词均可)Thereisfoodenoughforeveryonetoeat.,adv.作定语,时间/地点副词放在名词或代词之后Allthecommodities(日用百货)herearemadeinShanghai.Itisquitefinetoday.,adv.作表语,on,in,up,down,out,off,back,upstairs,awaye.g.Sheisout.主语谓语表语,adv.作宾补,YesterdayIsawyououtwithyoursister.时间状语主语宾语宾语补足语,adv.作状语,Theboyswimswell.Theroomisquitesmallanddark.Heworkedouttheproblemveryeasily.Fortunately,hegotonthattrain.,P.S.辨析:
1.close/closelyClose近;closely仔细地Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.2.late/latelyLate晚;lately最近Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?
3.deep/deeplyDeep深,空间深度;deeply感情深度,深深地Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4.high/highlyhigh空间高度;highly程度,相当于muchTheplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyogyouropinion.,5,wide/widelywide表示空间宽度;widely“广泛地”“在许多地方”Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6,free/freelyfree免费;freely无限制地Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely.,1.Youcantsitonthisnewlyboughtchair_.A.comfortB.comfortableC.comfortablyD.withcomfortable2.Theappletastes_andsells_.A.well;wellB.good;goodC.good;wellD.well;good3.Youranswersounds_.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correcting,C,C,A,4.Therewasa_talkbetweenthetwoteamslastweek.A.friendB.friendshipC.friendlyD.warmly5.Atthemeeting,theykept_allthetime.A.silentB.silenceC.quietlyD.quite6.Theyalllooked_atthemasterandfeltquite_.A.sad;sadB.sadly;sadlyC.sad;sadlyD.sadly;sad,C,A,D,lively,lonely,deadly,silly,orderly,timely,costly,brotherly,7.Mum,IthinkIm_togetbacktoschool.-Notreally,mydear.Youdbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.A.sowellB.sogoodC.wellenoughD.goodenough,C,8.wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining_.A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavily,D,9.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes_.A.openB.tobeopenedC.toopenD.opening,A,10.(02北京)Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood_tohermother.A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing,A,11.(03北京,春)-Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.-Youcanneverbe_carefulinthestreet.A.MuchB.veryC.soD.too,D,12.(NMET00)Itsalwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,_ifyoudontspeakthelanguage.A.extremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially13.(01北京春)Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucando_thanwait.A.moreB.otherC.betterD.any,cannot(never)too怎么也不为过,D,B,otherthan除了,14.(NMET2004全国)Idontmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore._,Thewalkwilldomegood.A.SoonerorlaterB.StillC.IntimeD.Besides,D,15.(2004上海)Mostpeopleonthisislandarerecreationalfishers,and_,fishingformsanactualpartoftheirleisuretime.A.accidentallyB.purposefullyC.obviouslyD.formally,C,16.(NMET2004天津)MrSmithusedtosmoke_buthehasgivenitup.A.seriouslyB.heavilyC.badlyD.hardly,B,17.(2004湖南)Everyonewasontimeforthemeeting_Chris,whosusuallytenminuteslateforeverything.A.butB.onlyC.evenD.yet,A,18.(NMET2004广东)Itis_anywonderthathisfrienddoesntlikewatchingtelevisionmuch.A.noB.suchC.nearlyD.hardly,D,19.(NMET2004广东)Thegreatsuccessofthisprogrammehasbeen_duetothesupportgivenbythelocalbusinessmen.A.ratherB.veryC.quicklyD.largely,D,20.(NMET2003全国)Alienhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch,A,形容词、副词比较级的用法,1.构成形式(规则):
比较级:
-er/more两者间,两类间fast-fasterinteresting-moreinteresting最高级:
-est/most三者或三者以上fast-fastestinteresting-mostinteresting,2.注意不规则:
原级,1.肯定:
1)as(adv.)adj./adv.原级as(conj.)-形容词/副词e.g.Mr.SunspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.2)as+形容词+a+单数名词e.g.Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.名词as+many/much+名词e.g.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.2.否定:
notas/soadj./adv.原级ase.g.Thisbuildinglooksnotso/ashighasthatone.Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.,比较级,1.比较级+thane.g.YouaretallerthanI.ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.Lucyismorebeautifulthanothergirls.2.the+比较级,the+比较级e.g.Thefasteryouwalk,themoretiredyouwillbe.Theearlieryougetthere,thequickeryouwillfinishyourwork.betterandbetter;fasterandfaster3.修饰比较级even,much,still,abit,(quite)alittle,far,etc.very修饰原级,much修饰比较级h,still,abit,(quite)alittle,far,etc.en,much,still,abit,(quite)alittle,far,etc.,最高级,1.The+最高级+比较范围TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.2.修饰最高级:
byfar,far,much,mostly,almostThishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.P.S.1).very可以修饰最高级,但是位置与much不同Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.2).序数词通常只修饰最高级Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.,倍数,1)Ais倍数as+adj./adv.+asB2)Ais倍数+比较级+thanB3)Ais倍数+thesize/height/length/width.ofB4)倍数+what从句Aisais4timesaslargeasEurope.AisaisthreetimeslargerthanEurope.Aisais4timesthesizeofEurope.Theproductionnowisthreetimeswhatitwastenyearsago.,P.S.与more有关的词组1.themorethemore越就越Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.2.moreBthanAlessAthanB与其说A不如说BHeismorelazythanslowathiswork.=heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.3.morethan不只是,非常Sheismorethankindtousall.,4.nomorethan与一样多,不比多TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.Nolessthan与一样Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.5.notmorethan+数词;至多,不超过(客观说明数目)Theexperimentwasdonebynotmorethan5persons这个实验由不到5个人完成。
nomorethan+数词;不过,仅仅,有感情色彩,强调数量少Therearenomorethantenticketsleft.(票少)notmore.than.前者不如后者TomisnotmoredeligentthanJack.Tom不如Jack勤奋nomore.than.两者一样不TomisnomoredeligentthanJack.Tom和Jack都不勤奋,1.Shedoesntspeak_herfriends,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.A.aswellasB.asoftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodas2.Ofallthestorybooks,Ilikethisone_.Itsnotinterestingatall.A.verymuchB.thebestC.verylessD.theleast3.-Ifyoudontliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.-Ok,butdoyouhave_sizeinblue?
Thisoneisabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger4.Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas_choice.A.goodB.thebestC.betterD.thebetter,A,D,B,D,5.Manypeoplehavehelpedwithcannedfood,however,thefoodbankneeds_forthepoor.A.moreB.muchC.manyD.most6.Thisstorybookisnotinterestingatall.-Well,Illlendyou_one,Ok?
A.themostinterestingB.amostinterestingC.mostinterestingD.muchinteresting7.-Itssohottoday.-Itsurelyis.Its_yesterday.A.twodegreeshotterthanB.twodegreesashotasC.twodegreehottert
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