英语56.docx
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英语56.docx
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英语56
UnitFive
TheEndIsNotatHand
Theenvironmentalrhetoric*overblown*.
Theplanetwillsurvive
RobertJ.Samuelson
1.rhetoricn.speechorwritingthatsoundsfineandimportant,butisreallyinsincereorwithoutmeaning浮夸之言语或文章
2.overblownadj.usingtoomanywords夸张的
[1]Whoevercoinedthephrase"savetheplanet"isapublicrelationgenius.Itconveysthesenseofimpending*catastrophe*andhighpurposethathaswrappedenvironmentalisminanaura*ofmoralurgency.Italsotypifiesenvironmentalism'srhetoricalexcesses,which,inanyothercontext,wouldbeseenaswildexaggeration*orsimpledishonesty.
[2]Uptoapoint,ourenvironmentalawarenesshascheckedamindlessenthusiasmforunrestrainedeconomicgrowth.Wehavesensiblycurbed*someofgrowth'sharmfulsideeffects.Butenvironmentalismincreasinglyresemblesaholycrusade*addictedtohype*andignorantofhistory.Everyenvironmentalillisdepicted*asanonrushingcalamity*that—ifnotstoppedwillendlifeasweknowit.
[3]Takethelatestscare:
thegreenhouseeffect①.We'representedwiththehorrifyingspecter*ofaworldthatincinerates*itself.Actnow,orsizzle*later.Foodsupplieswillwither.Glaciers*willmelt.Coastalareaswillflood.Infact,theprobablelossesfromanygreenhousewarmingaremodest*:
1to2percentofoureconomy'soutputbytheyear2050,estimateseconomistWilliamCline①.Thelossseemsevensmallercomparedwiththeexpectedgrowthoftheeconomy(adoubling)overthesameperiod.
1.impendingadj.(ofsomethingunpleasant)abouttohappen行将发生的
2.catastrophe△n.disaster灾难
3.auran.aneffectorfeelingthatseemstosurroundandcomefromapersonorplace气氛
4.exaggeration△n.(anexampleof)sayingorbelievingmorethanthetruthaboutsomething夸张,夸大
5.curbv.control控制
6.crusaden.astruggleormovementforthedefenceoradvancementofanidea,principle,etc.为促进或维护理想、原则而进行的运动或斗争
7.hypen.somethingthatartificiallystimulatessales,interest,etc.suchasadvertisingorpromotion(刺激销售、兴趣等的)广告,宣传
8.depictv.describe描写
9.calamity△n.aterribleorverybadevent;seriousmisfortune灾难;极不幸的事
10.spectern.somethingthatisseeninthemindandcausesfear心中幻见而引起恐惧之事物
11.incineratev.destroybyburning焚化
12.sizzlev.makeahissingsoundasifwaterfallingonhotmetalorfoodcookinginhotfat发出咝咝声(如水落在灼热的金属上或食物煎炸时)
13.glaciern.massofice,formedbysonwonmountains,movingslowlyalongavalley冰河,冰川
14.modestadj.moderate,notlargeinsizeoramount适度的,适中的
[4]Noenvironmentalproblemthreatensthe"planet"orrateswiththedangerofanuclearwar.Nooilspillevercausedsufferingonaparwith*today'scivilwarinYugoslavia,whichisaminorepisode*inhumanmisery.WorldWarⅡleftmorethan35milliondead.Cambodia'scivilwarresultedin1millionto3milliondeaths.Thegreatscourges*ofhumanityremainwhattheyhavealwaysbeen:
war,naturaldisaster,oppressivegovernment,crushingpovertyandhate.Onanyscaleoftragedy,environmentaldistressisafeatherweight*.
1.onaparwithequalto等于
2.episode※n.oneseparateevent,esp.animportantorseriousone插曲;独立的一段事
3.scourgen.acauseofgreatpunishment,harmorsuffering导致严惩、灾害或痛苦的祸端,祸患
4.featherweightn.sb.orsth.ofverylittleimportance不重要的人或物
[5]Thisisnotanargumentforindifferenceorinaction.Itisanargumentforperspectiveandbalance.Youcanbelieve(asIdo)thatthepossibilityofgreenhousewarmingenhancesanalreadystrongcaseforanenergytax.Ataxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimports,cutthebudgetdeficit*andpromoteenergyefficientinvestmentsthatmakeeconomicsense.
[6]Butitdoesnotfollowthatanyonewhodisagreeswithmeisevilorevenwrong.Onthegreenhouseeffect,forinstance,there‘sample*scientificdoubtoverwhetherwarmingwilloccurand,ifso,howmuch.Moreover,thewarmingwouldoccuroverdecades.Peopleandbusinessescouldadjust.Totakeoneexample:
farmerscouldshifttomoreheat-resistantseeds.
1.deficitn.theamountbywhichmoneythatgoesoutismorethanmoneythatcomesin赤字
[7]Unfortunately,theimpulseofmanyenvironmentalistsistovilify*andsimplify.Criticsofenvironmentalrestrictionsareportrayed*asselfishandignorantcreeps*.Doomsdayscenarios*aredevelopedtoprovetheseriousnessofenvironmentaldangers.Cline‘srecentgreenhousestudyprojectedwarming250yearsintothefuture.Guesswhat,itincreasessharply.Thisisanabsurdexerciseakinto*predictinglifein1992atthetimeoftheFrenchandIndianWar(1754~1763).
1.vilifyv.speakevilof(sb.orsth.)withoutgoodcause,esp.inordertoinfluenceothersunfavourably辱骂,诽谤;把(人或事)说得一无是处
2.portrayv.describeinwordsinalifelikeway以文字生动描写
3.creepn.anunpleasantpersonwhotriestowinthefavourofapersonofhigherrank,esp.bypraisinginsincerely拍马屁者,献媚者
4.scenarion.awrittendescriptionoftheactiontotakeplaceinafilm,play,etc.剧本,剧情说明书
5.akintoofsimilarcharacter,like同性质的,类似的
[8]Therhetoricaloverkillisnotjustinnocentexcess.Itcloudsourunderstanding.Forstarters,itminimizesthegreatprogressthathasbeenmade,especiallyinindustrializedcountries.IntheUnitedStates,airandwaterpollutionhavedroppeddramatically*.Since1960,particulate*emissions(soot,cinders*)aredownby65percent.Leademissionshavefallenby97percentsince1970.Smoghasdeclinedinmostcities.
[9]What'salsolostistheawkwardnecessityforchoices.Yourenvironmentalbenefitmaybemyjob.Noteverybenefitisworthhavingatanycost.Economistsestimatethatenvironmentalregulationsdepresstheeconomy'soutputby2.6to5percent,orabout$150billionto$290billion.(Note:
thisislargerthantheestimatedimpactofglobalwarming.)Forthatcost,we'veloweredhealthrisksandimprovedoursurroundings.Butsomegainsaresmallcomparedwiththecosts.Andsomecostsareneedlesslyhighbecauseregulationsarerigid.
[10]Balance:
Theworstsinofenvironmentalexcessisitsbias*againsteconomicgrowth.Thecurefortheimmenseproblemsofpoorcountriesusuallylieswitheconomicgrowth.ArecentreportfromtheWorldBankestimatesthatmorethan1billionpeoplelackhealthywatersuppliesandsanitary*facilities.Theresultishundredsofmillionsofcasesofdiarrhea*annuallyandthedeathsof3millionchildren(2millionofwhichtheWorldBankjudgesavoidable).Onlybybecomingwealthiercancountriescorrecttheseconditions.
1.dramaticallyadv.withtheforceorvividnessofthedrama戏剧性的;显著地
2.particulateadj.ofminuteseparateparticles微粒的
3.cindersn.therefuseofburnedcoals煤渣
4.diarrhean.thetypeofillnessinwhichthebowelsareemptiedtoooftenandintooliquidaform腹泻
[11]Similarly,wealthiersocietieshaveboththedesireandtheincometocleantheirairandwater.Advancednationshaveurban-air-pollutionlevelsonlyasixththatofthepoorestcountries.Finally,economicgrowthtendstoreducehighbirthrates,aschildrensurvivelongerandwomenescapetraditionalroles.
[12]Yes,wehaveenvironmentalproblems.Reactors*intheformerSovietUnionposesafetyrisks.Economicgrowthandtheenvironmentcanbeatodds*.Growthgeneratescarbondioxideemissionsandcausesmorewaste.Buttheseproblemsarenot-asenvironmentalrhetoricimplies-themainobstaclestosustaineddevelopment.Thebiggesthurdleisinept*government.Ineptgovernmentfostered*unsafereactors.Ineptgovernmenthampers*foodproductioninpoorcountriesby,say,preventingfarmersfromearningadequatereturnsontheircrops.
1.reactor※n.反应堆
2.beatodds(with)bequarrellingordisagreeing(with)与…争吵,争论
3.ineptadj.totallyunabletodothings无能的,无用的
4.foster※v.carefor;helpthegrowthorthedevelopmentof照顾,抚育,培养
5.hamperv.causedifficultyinmovementoractivity阻碍
[13]Bynow,everyoneisanenvironmentalist.Butthelabelisincreasinglymeaningless,becausenotallenvironmentalproblemsareequallyseriousandeventheseriousonesneedtobebalancedagainstotherconcerns.Environmentalismshouldholdthehype.Itshouldinformusmoreandfrightenusless.
Ⅱ.Vocabulary
1.Hisbeautifulwritingisakintodrawing.
A.asB.fromC.aboveD.like
2.Hisknowledgeonthesubjectseemstobeonaparwithmyown.
A.differentfromB.thesameas
C.relatedtoD.inaccordancewith
3.TomandMaryweremarriedaweekaftertheymetandsoonfoundthemselvesatoddsaboutreligion.
A.indisagreementB.onstrike
C.inquestionD.onpurpose
4.Theinventorwasvilifiedinyesterday'snewspaper.
A.abusedB.slandered
C.praisedD.criticized
5.TheMississippifloodof1973wasamajorcatastropheinwhichagreatmanyliveswerelost.
A.casualtyB.disasterC.changeD.threat
6.Shealmostyieldedtoanunexpectedimpulsetodanceinthestreet.
A.urgentdesireB.suddenwish
C.goodideaD.fancythought
7.Mr.Greenposedasarichmanthoughheowedmorethanheowned.
A.workedB.lookedC.clothedD.Behaved
8.Theyfearedtheplagueandregardeditasadeadlyscourge.
A.punishmentB.IllnessC.troubleD.ailment
9.Somepeoplehaveabiasagainstforeigners.
A.prejudiceB.dislikeC.hatredD.favour
10.Yourstayabroadwillgiveyouampleopportunitiestolearnanewlanguage.
A.goodB.suitableC.properD.enough
11.Thedarkcloudssuggesta(n)______storm.
A.impendingB.surprisingC.fastD.unexpected
12.Sincetheclubowed$15andhadonly$10inthetreasury,therewasa______of$5.
A.sumB.deficitC.differenceD.surplus
13.Theoillamp______softlyonthetable.
A.glowedB.
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- 英语 56