职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案.docx
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职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案.docx
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职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案
2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(A级)试题
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?
A long
B everlasting
C temporary
D boring
2 Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.
A damaged
B shaken
C fallen
D jumped
3 Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.
A faithful
B royal
C sincere
D genuine
4 Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.
A simplicity
B attraction
C power
D rigor
5 Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.
A mist
B fog
C secret
D mystery
6 Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation,
A troubled
B annoyed
C threatened
D aroused
7 Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.
A borrowed
B purchased
C copied
D rewritten
8 Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch
A encouraged
B fastened
C raised
D initiated
9 Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney
A some
B little
C enough
D extra
10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.
A miracles
B patients
C illness
D recovery
11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.
A endless
B monotonous
C serious
D bitter
12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment
A old
B unforgettable
C unfair
D funny
13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.
A order
B follow
C prove
D handle
14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.
A empty
B hairless
C smooth
D bare
15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.
A expressions
B warnings
C advertisements
D instructions
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
Water-theIssueofThisCentury
Theworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.PopulationsaregrowingbiggerandThirstier(渴的),withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce(缺乏).Halftheworld'swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury,whileestimatessuggestthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.
TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'spopulation,concentratedinAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthAsia,willface'severewatershortages'by2025.Localwaterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.
Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld'speoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025,puttingevenmorepressureonstretchedcoastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries(渔业)areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits,andhalftheworld'scoralreefs(珊瑚礁)mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoralreefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities,theBanksays.
Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedactiontosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.
Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly,andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsislikelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.
Athirdoftheworld'spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatareexperiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthenext30yearsunlessinstitutions(制度)changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationofwater.
Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents(征兆)aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountryinEastAsia,Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater,afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by2020.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertstoexceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'stotaluseappearsstilltobereasonable,ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.
WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan,andwillexceedtheminIndiaby2020.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwaterresources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers(蓄水层)-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.
16 Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
17 Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
18 Mostoftheworld'spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
19 Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
20 SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
21 TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwatersupplies.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
22 Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段1选择个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)willsoonbeextinct(灭绝).Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat(栖息地)destructioncontinues,thenwithin20years,therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy(悲剧).Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications(含意)forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.
2 In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes(基因组)matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse,usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact,chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority(优先).Butthereisanother,moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.
3 Thechimpanzees'trumpcard(王牌)comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians(兽医)oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.
4 Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.
5 Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing(找到)theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This,theyhope,willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration(改变)ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.
23 Paragraph1 .
24 Paragraph2 .
25 Paragraph3 .
26 Paragraph4 .
A Geneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsand"humans
B ReasonsforHIVresistance
C Implicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans
D EffectiveAIDStreatment
E Geneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans
F Chimps'resistancetoHIV
27 Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect
28 Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand
29 Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting
30 Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto
A healthierlifestyle
B somehumandiseasetreatments
C somediseases
D humansurvival
E humangenomes
F keyareas
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
YouthEmancipationinSpain
TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.
Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.
Tocoax(劝诱)youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"YouthEmancipation(解放)"programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.
Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious(不稳定的)labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.
Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists(社会学家).FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:
KeyforUnderstanding".
"Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"saidMinguez.
InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews(外侄/侄子)alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.
Parents'toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.
"Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.
Mothers'willingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchores(家务)worsenstheproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest,28,hasag
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