元旦由来英文.docx
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元旦由来英文.docx
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元旦由来英文
元旦由来英文
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Yuandanisthefirstdayofthelunarcalendar.Itisthedaywhentheearthhascircledthesunforoneroundandisbeginninganothercircling.Itrepresentsanewbeginningwhenpeoplesendofftheolddaysandwelcomethenewones.Asthefirstdayoftheyear,Yuandanhasbeenconsideredtobethemostimportantfestivalsincetheancienttimes.
Customs
1.Kaisui(beginningoftheyear)
AccordingtotheChinesetraditionalcustom,startingfromhaishi(9p.m.to11p.m.)ofthelasteveningofthetwelfthlunarmonth,eachfamilymustprepareofferingstodeitiesatthealtar.Atthesametime,theytoopreparefoodfortheNewYearday:
Thewholefamilywillthenstayawaketogethertoattendtotheyear(calledshousui).Afterhaishi,zishi(11p.m.to1a.m.)willcome,andthisisthearrivalofNewYear(Yuandan).Atthismoment,peoplebeginthecelebrationwithfireworks.Vegetarianandsweetfoodswillthenbeplacedarethealtarforofferings,andincensebeburnedtowelcomethedeities.Intheancienttimes,itwasbelievedthathaishiconnectedthetwoyearsandthuswascalledkaisui.
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Atthesamenight,somefamilieswillfollowtheinstructioninTongshuandplacepreparingaltarinthedirectionofthe"fortunedeity"duringthe"fortunetime"toreceivethedeity.Ifthedirectionofthe"fortunedeity"isatthe"illposition",peoplewillchoosetoreceive"happydeity"or"nobledeity"instead.
2.ThereisanapparentdifferenceinthecustomoffoodtakingonYuandanbetweentheChineseinthenorthernandsouthernregions.
ThenorthernChinesehasthehabitoftakingjiaozi(dumplingmadeofflourwithvegetableandmeatwrappedinside).Somepeoplemayputasweetoracoininsidejiaozi,hopingtohaveasweetyearaftertastingthesweetandawealthyyearaftertastingthecoin.ontheotherhand,thesouthernChinesehavethetabooforkillingonYuandan.Therefore,theydonottakemeatinteemorningofYuandan,soastoavoidbloodshedormutualslaughter.Inordertoevademisfortune,theyhavethefirstmealofthisdaywithoutmeat.Instead,theytakevegetarianfoodforthesakeofvirtue.
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3.WhatisspecialduringtheNewYearisthatparentsorelderswilldistributeredpackets(angpaooryasuiqian)tothechildren.
Peopleintheancienttimesweremoreparticularingivingawaytheredpackets:
thedistributiontookplaceontheeveofNewYearsothatthekidscouldsuppressthepastyearandentertheNewYear.Yasuihasthemeaningofovercomingtheunpredictablefuture.Representingthewishesforthehealthypsychologicalgrowthofthechildren,yasuiqiansymbolisestheelders'hopetoseetheirchildrenovercomealltheunpredictableelementsbroughtbythe"year".
4.ThereisanextraordinarynumberoftaboosonYuandan.
Eachplacehasitsowncustomsoftaboo.Here,wewillmentiononlyafewcommontaboosinFujianProvince,GuangdongProvinceandSoutheastAsia:
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Inthepast,peoplecommonlybelievedthatfortunewashiddeninthehouse.So,wsweepingoffloormustbedoneinthedirectionmovinginwards,andtherewasnoclearanceofrubbishatnight.ParticularlyontheNewTearday,inordertokeepfortunefromflowingout,therewasnosweeping.Somefamilieskeptthistaboountilthefifthoreventhefifteenthday.Ifanythingwasbroken,thepieceswerewrappedupinordernottoletthefortuneslipawayandweredisposedonlythefifthday.
Yuandan(inmoreseriousfamilies,theperiodextendsfromthe1sttothe15thday)marksthenewbeginning.InthehopethatNewYearbringsgoodbeginning,peopleshouldutterneitherunkindwordsnorvulgarlanguage.Makingnoises,fighting,quarrelingandespeciallyweepingareavoidedtodetermisfortune.Thereareeventaboosoftakingmedicineandhavingsneeze,foritisbelievedthattheycanleadtosicknessthroughouttheyear.Taboosofthepastalsoconcernedtheuseofknifeandthebreakingofthings.Ifathingwasbroken,theword"break"oranyotherwordimportingsimilarmeaningwasnotused.Instead,wordslike"failingtothefloorandblossominglikeflowers"whichdeliveredpleasantsenseswereusedtosuggestgoodconnections.
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OnYuandan,neitherlendingandnorgivingofmoneytoothersisdonesothattherewillbenoout-flowingofmoneyduringtheyear.Thereisalsothesayingthatifamalesleepsintheafternoon,hiscareerwillbreakdown,andifafemalehasanafternoonnap,thekitchenwillcollapse.
5.Ancientrite:
Inthepast,therewasaritecalledhezheng(propergreeting)duringNewYear.
WhenapersonpaidaNewYearvisittofriendsorrelatives,hetookalongapieceofpaperorcardonwhichthenameofthehostwaswrittenwitChinesebrush.Thereceiverofthisgreetingcardwouldnormallypasteitonthewallofhismainhalltoshowhisrespecttoandappreciationforthevisitor.Thequantityofgreetingcardreceivedreflectedtheperson'spublicrelationshipwithothers,whilethenamesandstatusofthepeoplewhogavethegreetingcardsindicatedthehost'sboundaryofsocialnetworkandstandardofliving.Nowadays,becauseofeasycommunication,convenienttransportationsystemandwidersocialnetwork,whenpeoplesendtheirgreetingstheytendtofollowtheWesternstyle.Thegreetingisnowdonebymailandevenbyemail.Today,hezhengisdonebysimplybringingalongredpacketsandfoodpresentswhenmakingavisit.
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Tobeinlinewiththecustomoftogivingawaymoneyonthefirstday,familiesinsomeplacesdonotpayNewYearcalltoothers.Instead,thewholefamilysimplygoesouttoenjoythemselvesorstayedathomeforfamilyhappiness.
6.Inthepast,therewasasuperstitionthatwhenapersonlefthishouseintheNewYear,hemusttakethecorrectfirststep.
Aparticularpersonwouldlookforthefortunatedirectioninaccordancewiththeday,monthandyearofthisbirthbasingontheexplanationofChinesecalendar.OnYuanDan,whenapersonsteppedoutofhishouse,hemustgointhefortunatedirectionandavoidtheunfortunatedirection.EvenpeopleoflessparticularityalsoconsultedChinesecalendartofindoutwherethefortunatedirectionsandfiercedeitieswerebeforethefirststepoutoftheirhouses.
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Meaning
Fromtheabovementionedcustoms,wecanseethatthereareespeciallymanytaboosduringChineseNewYear.
OnYuanDaninparticular,therearemoretaboosonspeechandbehaviourthanthoseonotherordinarydays.Similarly,therearemoreactivitiesinpursuitofgoodcausethanusual.Onprobingtheactivitiesandtaboos,wehavenodifficultytounderstandthatthethemebehindisalwaysrelatedtofortune,wealthandgoodness,andthatpeopleusuallyconcernthemselveswithagoodbeginningfortheyear.
Sometaboosmaylooksuperstitiousonthesurface,buttheydoproduceefficacy.Ifwepractisethemcircumspectively,theywillyieldpracticalresults.Forexample,theprohibitionofbadwords,quarrel,weepingandcrying,togetherwiththeemphasisonthinkingpositivelyevenwhenthingsarebroken,providesomenormativerulesforpeopletofollow.Thisgivespeopletheopportunitytomendtheirways,todevelopgoodattitudes,andtoformahabitofthinkingpositivelyandlookingatthegoodsideofthings.Theprohibitionofsweepinganddisposingtherubbishinthefirstfivedaysforcespeopletoarrangetheirthingsandclearawaytherubbishproperlyattheendofeachyear,sothatnounwantedthingswillbecarriedforwardtothenewyear.Atthesametime,thetabooalsocompelspeopletolearntobethrifty.Thisisbecausetopreventaccumulatedthingsfrombecomingrubbish,peoplemustbecarefulintheuseofanypaperorotherthings,andthusavoidwasteofthings.
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Theavoidanceofmedicineandsneezeonthefirstdaylookslikeajokeandisabsurdasfarasthepatientisconcerned.However,becauseofthetaboos,peoplewillbeconsciousenoughtotakeseriouscareoftheirhealthduringthewindyandsnowingseason.Thus,theywillavoidfallingsickintheNewYearandwastingawaythepreciousspringhours.
Nowadays,peoplehaveabandonedthecustomofbringingalonggreetingcardswhentheygoforNewYearhousevisits.However,ChineseMalaysiansstillmaintainthehabitofsendingNewYeargreetingcardsbypostbeforetheNewYear.
Thereareevennon-ChinesesendingNewYeargreetingcaredinEnglishorMalaylanguagestotheirChinesefriends.Moreover,theChineseliketousecolourfulNewYearcaredtodecoratetheirhouses,soastostrengthentheNewYearatmosphere.Liketheancientdays'greetingcardsforhezhengwhichweredisplayedinthemainhall,thesemodernNewYearcardsalsoreflectthesocialpositionofthepersonswhoreceivethecards.Thus,intheway,theancientriteofhezhenghasdevelopedinMalaysiawithaMalaysiancolour.
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