浅议汉字与英文间的中西文化差异.docx
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浅议汉字与英文间的中西文化差异.docx
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浅议汉字与英文间的中西文化差异
TheDifferencesbetweenChineseCharactersandEnglishWordsandCulture
浅议汉字与英文间的中西文化差异
摘要
世界因不同的文化而丰富多彩,生机勃勃,每一种文化都是人类智慧的结晶,在学习各种不同文化的旅程中,可以开阔视野,拓展思维,汲取外夷之长技。
文字是记载人类文明的重要工具,也是中西民族传统文化的具体体现。
随着时代的发展,中西文化交流融合,越来越多的人掌握了多门语言文字,在熟练运用语言的同时,我们更希望通过文字,口语等深入的了解每个文化的精髓,领略人类伟大的集体智慧。
本文选取两个代表性的文字:
汉字与英文。
通过对比其起源,发展历史,书写工具,写作风格及写作态度,来阐述两种文化的一些差异。
随着时代发展,中西文化交流,更多的人接触到不同的文化,在比较文化差异的同时,吸取优秀的文化以提高本名族文化,从而促进文化发展,社会进步。
关键词:
汉字;英文;文化;书写工具;书写风格。
ABSTRACT
Cultureconsistsofactivitiessuchastheartsandphilosophy,whichareconsideredtobeimportantforthedevelopmentofcivilizationandofpeople'sminds.Thewordisabundantcolorfulbecauseofdifferentculture.Cultureiscrystallizationofthewisdomhuman.CharacterswhichareimportantinstrumenttorecordhumanculturearetheconcretereflectionofthedifferencesofculturalbackgroundbetweenChinaandwesterncountries.
Thesepaperselecttworepresentativecharacters:
ChinesecharactersandEnglishwords.Thefollowingaresomecomparisonsoftheirorigin,historicaldevelopment,writingtools,writingstyle,writingattitude.FromthesewecanknowdifferencesofculturebetweenChinaandwesterncountries.Withthedevelopment,culturalexchange,morepeopleareattachingdifferentcultures,culturaldifferences,whileincomparison;outstandingculturallessonscanimprovethenationalculture,therebypromotingculturaldevelopmentandsocialprogress.
KEYWORDS:
Chinesecharacter;Englishwords;culture;writinginstruments;writingstyle.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………...ii
ABSTRACTINCHINESE…………………………………………………………...iii
ABSTRACTINENGLISH………………………………………………..………….iv
TABLEOFCONTENTS…………………………………………………….………..v
CHAPTER1
Theoriginanddevelopmentofcharacters8
1.1TheoriginanddevelopmentofChinesecharacters8
1.1.1CharacterscreatedbyCangJie8
1.1.2WritingbrushinventedbyMenTian10
1.2TheoriginanddevelopmentofEnglishwords11
1.2.1TheoriginanddevelopmentofEnglishwords11
1.2.2Thehistoryofpen12
CHAPTER2
TheculturedifferencesbetweenChinesecharactersandEnglishwords13
2.1Writingstyleandthought14
2.1.1ImplicitinChinesecharacters14
2.1.2DirectinEnglishwords15
2.2Thematerialofwritinginstrumentwithlife15
2.2.1Thematerialofbrushandtheharmonywithnature15
2.2.2Thematerialofpenandtechnology16
2.3Lifeattitudeintheusageofwritinginstrument17
2.3.1Self-cultivationbrush17
2.3.2Practicalpen18
CHAPTER3
Conclusion
3.1Conclusion18
3.2ThefutureofChinesecharactersandwesternwords19
Notes20
Bibliography21
TheDifferencesbetweenChineseCharactersandEnglishWordsandCulture
CHAPTER1
Theoriginanddevelopmentofcharacters
Theextentorone’svocabularybecomesameasureofintellect.Knowledgeaboutthehistoryofourwordsisavaluableasset.Understandinghowwordshavedevelopedcanteachusagreatdealaboutourculturalhistory.Finally,wordstoriesareoftenbothentertainingandthoughtprovoking.Asanyyoungstercantellyou,wordsare fun.
Asitknown,wordsaretheimportantpartofculture.Itisregardedasbridgebetweenhistoryandreal.Ittransformsplentyofcultureinformation,forexample,geography,religion,andcustom.Peopleinjecttheirspiritsandpersonalityintowords.Astimegoon,peopleandculturearechanging,sodothewords.
1.1TheoriginanddevelopmentofChinesecharacters
1.1.1CharacterscreatedbyCangJie
Asonekindofthemostancientcharacters,ChinesecharactershaveplayedasignificantroleinthedevelopmentofChineseculture.Italsoconstitutestheoldestcontinuouslyusedsystemofwritingintheworld.UnlikeancientSumerianandancientEgyptiansymbols,Chinesecharactersremaintodaywhicharethemost widelyadopted writingsystemsnowadays.
“ThemostsophisticatedandearliestChinesecharactersaretheinscriptionsontortoiseshellsandanimalbonescalled Jiaguwen oftheShangDynasty(17th-11thcenturyBC).”ButwhoinventedChinesecharacters?
[1]
Thereisabeautifulstoryaboutinventingcharacters.ItissaidthatCangJieinventedChinesecharacters.AftertheYellowEmperorunifiedChina,heterriblydissatisfiedwithhis"ropeknottying"methodofrecordinginformationwhichisinconvenienceandobscure.HencetheYellowEmperorchargedCangJietocreatecharacters.CangJieworkeddayandnight;however,hecannotcreateevenjustonecharacter.
Oneday,CangJiewalkedonthebankinordertoreleasepressure.Suddenly,hesawaphoenixflyinginthesky,carryinganobjectinitsbeak.TheobjectfelltothegrounddirectlyinfrontofCangJie,andhesawittobeanimpressionofahoof-print.Notbeingabletorecognizewhichanimaltheprintbelongedto,heaskedforthehelpofalocalhunter.Thehuntertoldhimthatthiswas,assuredly,thehoofprintofa Pixiu,beingdifferentfromthehoof-printofanyotherbeastalive.HisconversationwiththehuntergreatlyinspiredCangJie,leadinghimtobelievethatifhecouldcaptureinadrawingthespecialcharacteristicsthatsetaparteachandeverythingontheearth,thiswouldtrulybetheperfectkindofcharacterforwriting.Fromthatdayforward,CangJiepaidattentiontothecharacteristicsofeverything,includingthesun,moon,stars,clouds,lakes,oceans,aswellasallmannerofbirdandbeast.Hebegantocreatecharactersaccordingtothespecialcharacteristicshefound,andbeforelong,hadcompiledalonglistofcharactersforwriting.TothedelightoftheYellowEmperor,CangJiepresentedhimwiththecompletesetofcharacters.TheemperorthencalledthepremiersofeachofthenineprovincestogetherinorderforCangJietoteachthemthisnewwritingsystem.
MonumentsandtempleswereerectedinCangJie'shonoronthebankoftheriverwherehecreatedthesecharacters.HistoriesoncetriedtoprovewhethertherewasapersonnamedCangJieinthehistory,andiftherewasone,whenhelived,buttheyfailedtodrawaconclusionduetolackofirrefutableproofs.
EvidentlythelegendofCangJiecreatedChinesecharacterscannotbeacceptedasthetruth,foranyscriptcanonlybeacreationdevelopedby thepeopletomeettheneedsofsociallifeoveralongperiodoftrialandexperiment.Chinesecharactersareahugeandcomplicatedsystem,anditcouldonlycomeintobeingafteralongperiodofcreationanddevelopment.
1.1.2WritingbrushinventedbyMenTian
Thehistoryofwritinginstrumentsbywhichhumanshaverecordedandconveyedthoughts,feelingsandgrocerylists,isthehistoryofcivilizationitself.Thisishowweknowthestoryofus,bythedrawings,signsandwordswehaverecorded.
ThewritingbrushisafunctionalhandicraftarticlepeculiartoChina,aninstrumentstillusedbyitspupilsincalligraphyandpaintingexercises.
“Thefirstwritingbrush,accordingtolegend,wasmadebyMenTian,ageneralundertheFirstEmperorofQin(259-210B.C.),”longtimeincommandofthetroopsstationedalongtheGreatWall.[1]
AfterQinShiHuangconqueredallthesixstates,heaskedMenTiantoattacktheXiongnupeople.So,MenTianhadtoreporttotheEmperoralot,andbackthen,hehadtocarveonbambooslips.Itwasahardandtime-consumingjob.Andsincesomanythingsneededtobewrittendown,noonecouldwritethemfastenough.
Oneday,MenTianstrolled.Hetookhisgeneral’sswordtassel,whichdroppedandmarkedontheground..ThisphenomenoninspiredMenTian.
Hedippedthethingsinink,andwroteitonthebamboo.Itwaslike,somuchfasterandsoheaskedeverybodytomakeonesotheycouldwritefasterandsendtheEmperormessages.
Afterthat,MenTian’ssoldiershuntedthefurofanimalsandwolvestomakebrushesaswell.Normally,they’dtiebambootothefur,buttherewasnobamboo.Sotheyimprovisedandtiedthefurtowoodensticks.
Actually,archaeologicalfindshavegiventhelietothisstory.“TracesonthepaintedpotteryunearthedattheruinsoftheNeolithicsiteofBanpoVillagenearXi'anshowthatthebrushinitscrude,primitiveformwasused6,000yearsago.”[3]
ButpeoplestillcalledMenTian–whomayhaveimproveduponthebrush–theoriginatorofthewritinginstrument.
1.2TheoriginanddevelopmentofEnglishwords
1.2.1TheoriginanddevelopmentofEnglishwords
UnlikethehistoryofChinesecharacters,Englishwordsdon’thaveafunnylegendaboutitsorigin.However,justlikethescience,law,medicine,andthesocialsciences.Englishhasborrowedwordsfromotherlanguages.Newwordshaveentered(andcontinuetoenter)theEnglishinallkindsofdifferentways.Thereareseveralcommonways.
Borrowing:
“mostofthevocabulariesusedinmodernEnglishhavebeenborrowedfromotherlanguages.AndmostofEnglishwordscomefromLatinandGreek,Englishhasborrowedwordsfrommorethan300differentlanguages.Thereareafewexamples:
“muscle(Latin musculus,"mouse");slogan(alterationofScots slogorne,"battlecry").
Clipping orShortening:
“somenewwordsaresimplyshortenedformsofexistingvocabularies.Forinstance:
exam from examination,flu from influenza,and fax from facsimile.”
Compounding:
“anewwordmayalsobecreatedby combining twoormoreexistingwords:
fireengine,and babysitter.”
Blends:
“a blend (alsocalleda portmanteauword)isawordformedbymergingthesoundsandmeaningsoftwoormoreotherwords.Forinstance:
moped,frommo(tor)+pedal,and brunch,frombreakfast+lunch.”
Transferof ProperNouns:
“thenamesofpeople,places,andthingsbecomegeneralizedvocabularywords.Forinstance,thenoun maverick wasderivedfromthenameofanAmericancattleman,SamuelAugustusMaverick.The saxophone wasnamedafter Sax,thesurnameofa19th-centu
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- 关 键 词:
- 汉字 英文 中西文化 差异