定语从句.docx
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定语从句.docx
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定语从句
定语从句
Relativeclause
Attributiveclause
(一)定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有which,that,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
A、引导定语从句;
B、代替先行词;
C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:
*Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.
该句中,whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句,修饰先行词theman,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语。
Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.
3.Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.
制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.
他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
4.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中
Whereisthemanthat/whom/whoIsawthismorning?
Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季。
5.Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.
我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
注意:
指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.
ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.
这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。
注意:
1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)
ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。
关系代词是所有格时用whose。
Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(误)
(四)关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
October1,1949wastheday_______thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
October1,1949istheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
Thisisthefactory_________hisfatherworks.
Thisisthefactory________thestudentsvisitedlastweek.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
Pleasetellmethereason______youmissedtheplane.
Doyoubelievethereason_____hegaveforhisbeinglate?
注意:
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
如:
Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.
Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.
(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
Hismother,______loveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
China,______wasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。
如:
Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好。
Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。
Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
我们班总共有40个学生,大多数来自大城市。
(一)限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况
1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。
如:
HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?
Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做好了。
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我不能为你干什么。
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:
Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.
Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。
如:
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
如:
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
4.当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。
如:
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。
如:
WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。
如:
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?
站在门口的那个人是谁?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
哪件T恤衫最合我的身?
6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。
如:
Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.
7.在强调结构中
Itisthehospital_____hewasborn.
Itisinthishospital_____hewasbore.
Itwasten_____theycameback.
Itwasatten_____theycameback.
(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句:
其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。
如:
Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。
which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
另外,as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
如:
Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.
John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.
张华已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信。
注意:
当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。
Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.
Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.
这些桌子是金属的,这使得这些桌子很重。
Hecamebackearly,____wasunexpected.
Lincolnwasmurderedinatheatre,_____wasdescribedinthebook.
3.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时,关系词常用as。
如:
I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。
Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。
ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。
注意:
当先行词受thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
如:
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.
她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
Thisisthesamestudent____oftenhelpstheoldlady.
(三)以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导,而且通常可以省略。
如:
Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.
(四)but有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。
如:
Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents. 少有人不赞赏他的才干的。
(五)
Abeoneofthe….
Abetheoneofthe…
Abetheveryoneofthe..
Abetheonlyoneofthe…
1.I’moneoftheboys___neverlateforschool.
A.thatisB.whoare
C.whoamD.whois
2.Whoisthatgirl___wearingareddress?
A.whoseB.who
C.who’sD.that’s
3.Hersister,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.
A.whomB.thatC.whichD./
4.Theoldman______yesterdayisascientist.
A.IspokeB.IspoketoC.whomIspoke
D.thatIspoketohim
5.Theyoungman____isanengineerofourfactory.
A.thatyoujusttalkedB.whomyoujusttalkedto
C.whichyoujusttalkedtoD.whoyoujusttalked
6.Thehouse_______wasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.
A.who’sroof
B.whose
C.ofwhichtheroof
D.itsroof
7.Thehotel___youhavebeenis___expensiveone..
A.which…avery
B.that…aquite
C.towhich…amost
D.where…themost
8.Thesecondbook___IwanttoreadisTravelsinChina.
A.whichB.what
C.thatD.as
9.Theboyhandedineverything______hehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.
A.whichB.that
C.whatD.whatever
10.I’llneverforgetthedays____Istayedinyourbeautifulcountry.
A.whenB.onwhich
C.thatD.forwhich
11.September18,1931istheday____we’llneverforget.
A.thatB.when
C.onwhichD.onthat
12.Theexplorertookonly____menandthings____hereallyneededintothejunglewithhim.
A.those,whichB.such,asC.those,whoD.such,that
13.Youmayborrowanybook______.
A.thatyouinterest
B.whichyouareinterestedC.thatinterestsyou
D.whichinterestsyou
14.Thedictionary________issoldoutinthebookshop.
A.youneed
B.whatyouneed
C.whichyouneedit
D.thatyouneedit
15.Isthistheshop______sellschildren’sclothing?
Isthistheshop_____children’sclothingaresold?
A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what
16.Thecontinent______Ivisitedlastyearwasnottheone____Ionceworked.
A.which;where
B.which;which
C.where;which
D.where;where
17.Thereason____I’mwritingtoyouistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.
A.becauseB.whyC.forD.as
18.Thatisthereason_____hegaveusforcarryingouttheplan.
A.becauseB.whyC.whenD.which
19.Doyourememberoneeveningaweekago____Icametoyourroomandborrowedadictionary?
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
20.Thebeautifulvillage,____wespentourholidaylastmonth,liesatthefootofamountain.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what
21.Aroom____wedoexperimentsisalab.
A.onwhichB.inthat
C.thatD.where
22.Thetwothings____theytakepridewereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.
A.aboutwhichB.ofwhich
C.inwhichD.forwhich
23.Hewastheman_____MasteroftheGamewastranslated.
A.bywhomB.bywho
C.bywhoseD.byhim
24.Isthismuseum___theyvisitedlastmonth?
A.thatB.where
C.whichD.theone
26.Isthisthemuseum____theyvisitedlastmonth?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.theone
27.Afootballfanis_____hasastronginterestinfootball.
A.athingthat
B.somethingthat
C.apersonwho
D.what
28.Who_____hascommonsensewillbelieveinapersonlikehim?
A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that
29.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.
A.allwhichB.allwhat
C.thatallD.all
30.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which
31.Thetrain_____sheistravelingisdueat3:
00.
A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat
32.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_____thepapersarekept.
A.whereB.onwhichC.underwhichD.which
33.Antarctic_____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich
34.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.
A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because
35.Mr.Crossettwillneverforgettheday_____hespentwithhisvariousstudents.
A.whenB.whichC.duringwhichD.onwhich
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