Science says parents of successful kids have these 11 things in common.docx
- 文档编号:26599403
- 上传时间:2023-06-20
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:11
- 大小:935.72KB
Science says parents of successful kids have these 11 things in common.docx
《Science says parents of successful kids have these 11 things in common.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Science says parents of successful kids have these 11 things in common.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Sciencesaysparentsofsuccessfulkidshavethese11thingsincommon
Sciencesaysparentsofsuccessfulkidshavethese11thingsincommon
Anygoodparentwantstheirkids tostayoutoftrouble,dowellinschool,andgoontodoawesomethingsasadults.
Andwhilethereisn'tasetrecipeforraisingsuccessfulchildren,psychologyresearchhaspointedtoahandfuloffactorsthatpredictsuccess.
Unsurprisingly,muchofitcomesdowntotheparents.
Here'swhat parentsofsuccessfulkidshaveincommon:
1.Theymaketheirkidsdochores.
AngryJulieMonday/flickr
"Ifkidsaren'tdoingthedishes,itmeanssomeoneelseisdoingthatforthem,"JulieLythcott-Haims,formerdeanoffreshmenatStanfordUniversityandauthorof "HowtoRaiseanAdult"saidduringa TEDTalksLive event.
"Andsothey'reabsolvedofnotonlythework,butoflearningthatworkhastobedoneandthateachoneofusmustcontributeforthebettermentofthewhole,"shesaid.
Lythcott-Haimsbelieves kidsraisedonchoresgoontobecomeemployeeswhocollaboratewellwiththeircoworkers,aremoreempatheticbecausetheyknowfirsthandwhatstrugglinglookslike,andare abletotakeontasksindependently.
ShebasesthisontheHarvardGrantStudy,thelongestlongitudinalstudyeverconducted.
"Bymakingthemdochores—takingoutthegarbage,doingtheirownlaundry—theyrealize Ihavetodotheworkoflifeinordertobepartoflife," shetellsTechInsider.
2.Theyteachtheirkidssocialskills.
REUTERS/ElijahNouvelage
ResearchersfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversityandDukeUniversitytrackedmorethan700childrenfromacrosstheUSbetweenkindergartenandage25and foundasignificantcorrelationbetweentheirsocialskillsaskindergartnersandtheirsuccessasadultstwodecadeslater.
The20-yearstudyshowedthatsociallycompetentchildrenwhocouldcooperatewiththeirpeerswithoutprompting,behelpfultoothers,understandtheirfeelings,andresolveproblemsontheirown,werefarmorelikelytoearnacollegedegreeandhaveafull-timejobbyage25thanthosewithlimitedsocialskills.
Thosewithlimitedsocialskillsalsohadahigherchanceofgettingarrested,bingedrinking,andapplyingforpublichousing.
"Thisstudyshowsthathelpingchildrendevelopsocialandemotionalskillsisoneofthemostimportantthingswecandotopreparethemforahealthyfuture,"said KristinSchubert,programdirectorattheRobertWoodJohnsonFoundation,whichfundedtheresearch,inarelease.
"Fromanearlyage,theseskillscandeterminewhetherachildgoestocollegeorprison,andwhethertheyendupemployedoraddicted."
3.Theyhavehighexpectations.
Usingdatafromanationalsurveyof6,600childrenbornin2001, UniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesprofessor NealHalfonandhiscolleagues discoveredthattheexpectationsparentsholdfortheirkidshaveahugeeffectonattainment.
"Parentswhosawcollegeintheirchild'sfutureseemedtomanagetheirchildtowardthatgoalirrespectiveoftheirincomeandotherassets," hesaidinastatement.
Thefindingcameoutinstandardizedtests:
57%ofthekidswhodidtheworstwereexpectedtoattendcollegebytheirparents,while96%ofthekidswhodidthebestwereexpectedtogotocollege.
Thisfallsinlinewithanotherpsychfinding:
ThePygmalioneffect,whichstates"that whatonepersonexpectsofanothercancometoserveasaself-fulfillingprophecy."
Inthecaseofkids,theyliveuptotheirparents'expectations.
4.Theyhavehealthyrelationshipswitheachother.
Shutterstock
Childreninhigh-conflictfamilies,whetherintactordivorced,tendtofareworsethanchildrenofparentsthatgetalong, accordingtoaUniversityofIllinoisstudyreview.
RobertHughesJr.,professorandheadoftheDepartmentofHumanandCommunityDevelopmentattheUniversityofIllinoisandthestudyreviewauthor,alsonotesthatsomestudieshavefound childreninnonconflictualsingle-parentfamiliesfare betterthanchildreninconflictualtwo-parent families.
Theconflictbetweenparentspriortodivorce alsoaffects childrennegatively,whilepost-divorceconflicthasastronginfluenceonchildren'sadjustment, Hughessays.
Onestudyfoundthat,afterdivorce, whenafatherwithoutcustodyhasfrequentcontactwithhiskidsandthereisminimal conflict,childrenfarebetter.Butwhenthereisconflict,frequentvisitsfromthefatherarerelatedtopooreradjustmentofchildren.
Yetanotherstudyfoundthat20-somethingswhoexperienceddivorceoftheirparentsaschildrenstillreportpainanddistressovertheirparent'sdivorce tenyearslater. Youngpeoplewhoreportedhighconflictbetweentheir parentswerefar morelikelytohavefeelingsoflossandregret.
5.They'veattainedhighereducationallevels.
MerrimackCollege/Flickr
A 2014study leadbyUniversityofMichiganpsychologistSandraTangfoundthatmotherswhofinishedhighschoolorcollegeweremorelikelytoraisekidsthatdidthesame.
Pullingfromagroupofover14,000childrenwhoenteredkindergartenfrom1998to2007,thestudyfoundthatchildrenborntoteenmoms(18yearsoldoryounger)werelesslikelytofinishhighschoolorgotocollegethantheircounterparts.
Aspirationisatleastpartiallyresponsible.Ina2009longitudinalstudy of856peopleinsemiruralNewYork,BowlingGreenStateUniversitypsychologistEricDubowfoundthat"parents'educationallevelwhenthechildwas8yearsoldsignificantlypredictededucationalandoccupationalsuccessforthechild40yearslater."
6.They teachtheirkidsmathearlyon.
Flickr/tracytheastonishing
A 2007meta-analysis of 35,000preschoolersacrosstheUS,Canada,andEnglandfoundthatdevelopingmathskillsearlycanturnintoahugeadvantage.
"Theparamountimportanceofearlymathskills—ofbeginningschoolwithaknowledgeofnumbers,numberorder,andotherrudimentarymathconcepts—isoneofthepuzzlescomingoutofthestudy,"coauthorandNorthwesternUniversityresearcherGregDuncan saidinapressrelease. "Masteryofearlymathskillspredictsnotonlyfuturemathachievement,italsopredictsfuturereadingachievement."
7.Theydeveloparelationshipwiththeirkids.
Dubova/Shutterstock
A 2014study of243peoplebornintopovertyfoundthatchildrenwhoreceived"sensitivecaregiving"intheirfirstthreeyearsnotonlydidbetterinacademictestsinchildhood,buthadhealthierrelationshipsandgreateracademicattainmentintheir30s.
AsreportedonPsyBlog,parentswhoaresensitivecaregivers"respondtotheirchild'ssignalspromptlyandappropriately"and"provideasecurebase"forchildrentoexploretheworld.
"Thissuggeststhatinvestmentsinearlyparent-childrelationshipsmayresultinlong-termreturnsthataccumulateacrossindividuals'lives," coauthorandUniversityofMinnesotapsychologistLeeRabysaidinaninterview.
8.They'relessstressed.
Flickr/OlegSidorenko
Accordingto recent research citedbyBrigidSchulte atTheWashingtonPost, thenumberofhoursthatmomsspendwithkidsbetweenages3and11doeslittletopredictthechild'sbehavior,well-being,orachievement.
What'smore,the"intensivemothering"or"helicopterparenting"approachcanbackfire.
"Mothers'stress,especiallywhenmothersarestressedbecauseofthejugglingwithworkandtryingtofindtimewithkids,thatmayactuallybeaffectingtheirkidspoorly,"studycoauthorandBowlingGreenStateUniversitysociologistKeiNomaguchitoldThePost.
Emotionalcontagion —orthepsychologicalphenomenonwherepeople"catch" feelingsfromoneanotherliketheywouldacold—helpsexplainwhy.Researchshowsthatifyourfriendishappy,thatbrightnesswillinfectyou;ifshe'ssad,thatgloominesswilltransferaswell.Soifaparent isexhaustedorfrustrated,thatemotionalstatecouldtransfertothekids.
9.They valueeffortoveravoidingfailure.
ChinaStringerNetwork/Reuters
Wherekidsthinksuccesscomesfromalsopredictstheirattainment.
Overdecades,StanfordUniversitypsychologistCarolDweckhasdiscoveredthatchildren(andadults)thinkaboutsuccessinoneoftwoways. Overat thealways-fantasticBrainPickings,MariaPopovasaystheygoalittlesomethinglikethis:
A"fixedmindset"assumesthatourcharacter,intelligence,andcreativeabilityarestaticgivensthatwecan'tchangeinanymeaningfulway,andsuccessistheaffirmationofthatinherentintelligence,anassessmentofhowthosegivensmeasureupagainstanequallyfixedstandard;strivingforsuccessandavoidingfailureatallcostsbecomeawayofmaintainingthesenseofbeingsmartorskilled.
A"growthmindset,"ontheotherhand,thrivesonchallengeandseesfailurenotasevidenceofun-intelligencebutasahearteningspringboardforgrowthandforstretchingourexistingabilities.
Atthecoreisadistinctioninthewayyouassumeyourwillaffectsyourability,andithasapowerfuleffectonkids.Ifkidsaretoldthattheyacedatestbecauseoftheirinnateintelligence,that createsa"fixed"mindset.Iftheysucceededbecauseofeffort,thatteachesa"growth"mindset.
10.Themomswork.
GettyImages/DanielBerehulak
Accordingto researchoutofHarvardBusinessSchool,therearesignificantbenefitsforchildrengrowingupwithmotherswhoworkoutsidethehome.
Thestudyfounddaughtersofworkingmotherswenttoschoollonger,weremorelikelytohaveajobinasupervisoryrole,andearnedmoremoney— 23%morecomparedtotheirpeerswhowereraisedbystay-at-homemothers.
Thesonsofworkingmothersalsotendedtopitchinmoreonhouseholdchoresandchildcare,thestudyfound— theyspentseven-and-a-halfmorehoursaweekonchildcareand25moreminuteson
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Science says parents of successful kids have these 11 things in common
链接地址:https://www.bdocx.com/doc/26599403.html