全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题一613.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题一613.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题一613
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题
(一)
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)countries,inparticular,howtopayforfuturepublicpensionliabilities.Andearlyretirementplacesan__1__burdenonpensionfinancing.Thereisnoeasysolution,but__2__retirementcouldhelp.
Earlyretirementmayseemlikeaworthyindividualgoal,butitisasocially__3__one,andmakesthepresentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong.The__4__reasonisthatmorepeopleareretiringearlyandlivinglonger.Thatmeansmoreretireesdependingonthe__5__ofthoseinworkfortheirincome.The__6__isworrying.Inthenext50years,lowfertilityratesand__7__lifeexpectancyinOECDcountrieswillcausethisold-agedependencyratetoroughlydouble__8__size.Publicpensionpayments,whichafford30-80%oftotalretirementincomesinOECDcountries,are__9__torise,onaverage,byoverthreepercentagepointsinGDPandbyasmuchaseightpercentagepointsinsomecountries.Suchisthepressureonpensionfunds__10__thereisadangeroftoday’sworkersnotgettingthepensionstheyexpectedorfeltthey__11__for.
Actionisneeded,_12__simplyaimingtoreducethe__13__(andcost)ofpublicpensions,ortryingtoincreasetheroleof__14__fundedpensionswithinthesystem,thoughnecessarysteps,maybe__15__todealwiththedependencychallenge.Afteryearsof__16__earlyretirementschemesto___17__redundanciesandhigherunemployment,manygovernmentsarenow__18__persuadingpeopletostayinworkuntiltheyareolder.Surely,thethinkinggoes,ifwearehealthiernowandjobsarephysicallyless__19__andunemploymentisdown,thenperhapsthepresentrateshould__20__anew.
1.[A]unsolvable[B]additional[C]unsustainable[D]undue
2.[A]delaying[B]retaining[C]remaining[D]hindering
3.[A]ultimate[B]unattainable[C]specific[D]expensive
4.[A]necessary[B]essential[C]potential[D]controversia
5.[A]donating[B]sponsoring[C]offering[D]funding
6.[A]outlook[B]outcome[C]atmosphere[D]condition
7.[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]extending[D]rising
8.[A]in[B]on[C]toward[D]for
9.[A]conceived[B]reckoned[C]expected[D]meant
10.[A]which[B]that[C]where[D]how
11.[A]shouldpay[B]paying[C]bepaid[D]wouldpay
12.[A]but[B]for[C]and[D]thus
13.[A]multitude[B]implementation[C]application[D]generosity
14.[A]publicly[B]privately[C]personally[D]secretly
15.[A]insufficient[B]influential[C]inefficient[D]intrinsic
16.[A]advancing[B]previous[C]ahead[D]preceding
17.[A]discard[B]ignore[C]avoid[D]display
18.[A]believing[B]accounting[C]reckoning[D]considering
19.[A]turbulent[B]strenuous[C]compact[D]intricate
20.[A]deduce[B]disappear[C]rise[D]decrease
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
We'removingintoanotherera,asthetoxiceffectsofthebubbleanditsgraveconsequencesspreadthroughthefinancialsystem.Justacoupleofyearsagoinvestorsdreamedof20percentreturnsforever.Nowsurveysshowthatthey'redowntoa"realistic"8percentto10percentrange.
Butwhatifthenextfewyearsturnouttobebelownormalexpectations?
MartinBarnesoftheBankCreditAnalystinMontrealexpectsfuturestockreturnstoaveragejust4percentto6percent.Soundimpossible?
Afteramuchsmallerbubblethatburstinthemid-1960s,Standard&Spoor’s5000stockaveragereturned6.9percentayear(withdividendsreinvested)forthefollowing17years.Fewinvestorsarepreparedforthat.
Rightnowdenialseemstobetheattitudeofchoice.That'stypical,saysLoriLucasofHewitt,theconsultingfirm.Youhatetolookatyourinvestmentswhenthey'regoingdown.Hewitttracks500,000401(k)accountseveryday,andfindsthatsaversarekeepingtheircontributionsup.Butthey'remuchlessinclinedtoswitchtheirmoneyaround."It'stheslotmachineeffect,"Lucassays."Peoplegetmoreinterestedinplayingwhentheythinkthey'vegotahotmachine'--andnothing'shottoday.Theaverageinvestorfeelsoverwhelmed.
Againstallcommonsense,manysaversstillshuttheireyestothedangersofowningtoomuchcompanystock.Inbigcompanieslastyear,asurprising29percentofemployeesheldatleastthreequartersoftheir402(k)intheirownstock.
Youngeremployeesmayhavenochoice.Youoftenhavetowaituntilyou're50or55beforeyoucansellanycompanystockyougetasamatchingcontribution.
Butinsteadofgettingoutwhentheycan,olderparticipantshavebeenholding,too.Onethirdofthepeople60andupchosecompanystockforthreequartersoftheirplan,Hewittreports.Aretheyinattentive?
Loyaltoafault?
Sick?
It'sasifLucent,EnronandXeroxneverhappened.
Noinvestorshouldgivehisorhertotaltrusttoanyparticularcompany'sstock.Andwhileyou'reatit,thinkhowyou'dbeiffuturestockreturns--averaginggoodyearsandbad--areaspoorasBarnespredicts.
Ifyouaskme,diversifiedstocksremaingoodforthelongrun,withabackupinbonds.ButI,too,amfiguringonreducedreturns.Whatashame.Dearbubble,I'llneverforget.It'stheendofagrandaffair.
21.Theinvestors'judgmentofthepresentstockreturns,intheauthor'sopinion,seemstobe
[A]sortofwishfulthinking.[B]justtoopessimistic.[C]totallygroundless.[D]quiterealistic.
22.Infaceofthecurrentstockmarket,moststock-holdersjust
[A]declinetoinjectmoremoneyintothestockmarket.[B]voicetheirdisgustwiththedevaluingstock.
[C]switchtheirmoneyaroundinthemarket.[D]turnadeafeartothewarning.
23.Theauthorrecommendsthatemployees
[A]holdatleastl/3oftheir401(k)intheircompany.[B]getoutoftheirowncompany'sstock.
[C]waitforsometimebeforedisposingoftheirstock.[D]givetrusttoaparticularcompany'sstock.
24.Lucent,EnronandXerox,itcanheinferredfromthetext,arenamesof
[A]successfulcompanies.[B]bankruptedcompanies.[C]companystocks[D]hugecompanies.
25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthelong-terminvestors'decisionis
[A]positive.[B]suspicious[C]negative.[D]paradoxical.
Text2
Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutional,eventhoseintendedtocompensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycolleges,thismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmerit,notontheirraceorethnicity.IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.,aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.Meanwhile,activistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.
Nowchiefexecutivesofabouttwodozencompanieshavedecidedtoplungeheadfirstintothispoliticallyunsettleddebate.Togetherwith36universitiesand7non-profitableorganizations,formedaforumthatsetforthanactionplanessennallydesignedtohelpcollegescircumventcourt-imposedrestrictionsonaffirmativeaction.TheCEOs'motive:
"Ouraudienceisgrowingmorediverse,sothecommunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverse"aswell,saysoneCEOofacompanythatownsninetelevisionstations.
Amongthestepstheforumispushing:
findingcreativeyetlegalwaystoboostminorityenrollmentthroughnewadmissionspolicies;promotingadmissionsdecisionsthatlookatmorethantestscore;andencouraginguniversitiestostepuptheirminorityoutreachandfinancialaid.Andtocounteraccusationsbycritiestochallengethesetacticsincourt,thegroupsaysitwillgivelegalassistancetocollegessuedfortryingthem."Diversitydiminishedbythecourtmustbemadeupforinotherlegitimate,legalways,"saysaforummember.
Oneofthemorecontroversialmethodsadvocatedistheso-called10%rule.Theideaisforpublicuniversities--whicheducatethree-quartersofallU.S.undergraduates--toadmitstudentswhoareinthetop10%oftheirhighschoolgraduatingclass.Doingsoallowscollegestotakeminoritieswhoexcelinaverageurbanschools,eveniftheywouldn'thavemadethecutunderthecurrentstatewiderankingmanyuniversitiesuse.
26.U.S.courtrestrictionsonaffirmativeactionsignifiesthat
[A]minoritiesnolongerholdtheoncefavoredstatus.[B]thequalityofAmericancollegeshasimproved.
[C]racialpreferenceshasreplacedracialprejudice.[D]theminorityisonanequalfootingwiththemajority.
27.WhathasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheUnitedStates?
[A]Whetheraffirmativeactionshouldcontinuetoexist.
[B]Whetherthislawishelpingminoritiesorthewhitemajority.
[C]WhetherracismexistsinAmericancollegeadmission.
[D]Whetherracialintoleranceshouldbepunished.
28.CEOsofbigcompaniesdecidedtohelpcollegesenrollmoreminoritystudentsbecausethey
[A]thinkitwrongtodeprivetheminoritiesoftheirrightstoreceiveeducation.
[B]wanttoconservethefinecharacteristicsofAmericannation.
[C]wantaworkforcethatreflectsthediversityoftheircustomers.
[D]thinkittheirdutytohelpdevelopeducationofthecountry.
29.Themajortactictheforumusesisto
[A]battletheracialpreferencesincourt.[B]supportcollegesinvolvedinlawsuitsofracism
[C]strivetosettlethispoliticaldebatenationwide[D]findlegallyviablewaystoensureminor
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