10解析版中考英语全国通用.docx
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10解析版中考英语全国通用.docx
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10解析版中考英语全国通用
冲刺2021年中考英语题型预测与满分挑战专练10
序号
题型
主题语境
话题
1
阅读理解
人与社会
水资源对非洲女性的影响
2
阅读理解
人与自然
塔克拉玛干沙漠地下水源的情况
3
阅读理解
人与社会
中国嫦娥5号探测器探月的历程
4
完型填空
人与自我
在异国他乡求学的经历
5
书面表达
人与自我
如何合理的使用零花钱
一、阅读理解
1
Theideamayhityouonceortwiceayear.Youcomehomeonahotsummerday,hopingtohaveacoolbath,andfindthereisnowater.Thenyouseehowimportantwaterisinyoureverydaylife.However,inmanypartsoftheworld,waterisnotjustaboutone’severydayneeds.
IncountrieslikeTanzania,waterishardtoget,andthejobofcollectingwaterfallsonwomen’sshoulders.Girlsareoftenkepthomefromschooltocollectwaterwhiletheirbrothersstayatschoolstudying.StudiesshowTanzaniangirlswholive15minutesawayfromcleanwaterspend12%moretimeatschoolthanthosewholiveanhouraway.Moretimespentcollectingwatermeanslesstimeforlearning.Forthesegirls,“KnowledgeisPower”isnotjustwords;itisasadfactinreallife.Withlesstimespentatschool,theirchancesofgettingwellpaidjobsaresmall,andtheyoftenhavenovoiceonimportantmatters,likewhotomarry.Thesegirlsareoftenmarriedintopoorfamilies.Theyhavelittlemoneyorknowledgetotakecareoftheirchildren,whooftenendupdyingyoung.Forthebabygirlswhoareluckyenoughtosurvive,theirlifemaystillcenteraround“water,"justliketheirmothers'.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Theidea"referto?
A.Waterisimportantinone'severydaylife.
B.Waterisnotjustaboutone'severydayneeds.
C.Itisnicetohaveacoolbathonahotsummerday.
D.Weshouldnottakeabathwhenthereisalittlewater.
2.Accordingtothestudies,Tanzaniangirlslivingclosertocleanwater________.
A.mustcollectmorewaterB.willmarryintorichfamilies
C.mayhavemoretimetostudyD.canunderstand“KnowledgeisPower”
3.Whatdowelearnfromthereading?
A.childreninpoorcountriesdiefromdrinkingwatereveryday.
B.childrenfrompoorfamiliesstayathomeandcareforyoungerchildren.
C.Tanzaniangirlsareoftenpaidlessforthesamejobthantheboysare.
D.Tanzaniangirlswithlittleeducationcanhardlyhaveabrightfuture
4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostsuitableillustration(插图)forthispassage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Whyitisimportanttosavewater.
B.Whyitishardtogetwaterinpoorcountries.
C.Howwatermayplayapartinone’sfuture.
D.Howwatermaygiveacountrypower.
【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C
【解析】文章主要是介绍水的重要性,在一些国家水不仅仅是人们每天的所需,更是改变了一些人的命运。
举例像坦桑尼亚这样的国家很难得到水,取水的工作一般都是落在女人肩上,女孩们也要花很多时间在水上,所以她们没有更多的时间学习,从而没有知识,重大事情上没有发言权,比如要嫁给谁。
1.词义猜测题。
根据文中“Theideamayhityouonceortwiceayear.Youcomehomeonahotsummerday,hopingtohaveacoolbath,andfindthereisnowater.Thenyouseehowimportantwaterisinyoureverydaylife.”可知,这里的“Theidea”指的是“水在日常生活中很重要。
”,故选A。
2.细节理解题。
根据文中“StudiesshowTanzaniangirlswholive15minutesawayfromcleanwaterspend12%moretimeatschoolthanthosewholiveanhouraway.Moretimespentcollectingwatermeanslesstimeforlearning.”可知,如果住的地方离干净的水源更近,她们就有更多的时间学习,故选C。
3.推理判断题。
根据文中“Forthesegirls,“KnowledgeisPower”isnotjustwords;itisasadfactinreallife….Theyhavelittlemoneyorknowledgetotakecareoftheirchildren,whooftenendupdyingyoung.”可知,坦桑尼亚没有受过多少教育的女孩很难有一个光明的未来,故选D。
4.推理判断题。
根据整个文章的理解可知,主要是介绍水的重要性的,介绍坦桑尼亚干净水源的远近决定了她们受教育的时间以及未来,所以B选项中图片上的提示“WELL2km”比较符合,故选B。
5.主旨大意题。
根据整个文章的理解可知,主要是介绍水的重要性的,介绍坦桑尼亚女孩们在取水所花的时间越多就越没有时间学习,就越难有一个光明的未来,也就是说干净水源的远近决定了她们受教育的程度以及未来,也就是水对她们未来的影响,故选C。
2
Whenwethinkaboutthedesertsoftheworld,waterabundance(资源丰富)isoneofthelastthingsthatcometomind.ButthatmightchangefortheTaklamakanDesert(塔克拉玛干沙漠)inChina.
ThereisahugeundergroundseathathasmorewaterthanallofthegreatlakesintotalinNorthAmerica."Peoplehaveneverdaredtoimaginesomuchwaterunderthesandbefore,"saidProfessorLiYan.
Abasinis,avalley(山谷)thatusuallycollectswaterfromthemountaindrainagesystems(山脉排水系统),likewaterthathasmeltedandisrunningdownfromnearby,snow-coveredmountains.But,ifyoulookattheTarim(塔里木)basin,youwon'tseeanywater.
That'spartlybecauselocalpeoplecollectmostofthemeltwatertoirrigatecrops.Theresteitherseepsintothegroundorevaporatesintothedrydesertair.
Sohowdidthisdeserthavesuchhugewater?
Itdatesbackto(追溯到)2,000yearsagowhenfarmersintheregionbeganirrigatingtheland.Andthesoilofthelocalfarmlandsissalty,likethesea."Asaresult,agriculturaldevelopmentoverhumanhistoryhasenhancedthecarbonsink,"theywriteintheirreport.
Theyestimate(估计)thatasmuchas10timestheamountinallofthegreatlakescouldbedownthere.Thescientistsdon'tadviselocalstogodiggingforit,though,becauseit'sextremelysaltyseawater.
6.Wheredoesthestoryhappen__________________.
A.China.B.Japan.C.NorthAmericaD.Africa
7.WhatdidtheydiscoverinTaklamakanDesert?
A.Oil.B.Air.C.Water.D.Plants.
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"basin"inChineseinParagraph3?
A.盆地B.脸盆C.基建D.水域
9.Whydothescientistsadviselocalsnottodigforthewater?
A.Becauseit'sadirtysea.B.Becauseit'ssalty.
C.Becauseit'snothugeenough.D.Becausetheythinkit'sbadforthedesert.
10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywriteabout?
A.TheTaklamakanDesert.
B.TheTarimbasin.
C.WaterabundanceinChina.
D.AhugeundergroundseainTaklamakanDesert.
【答案】6.A7.C8.A9.B10.D
【解析】文章介绍了塔克拉玛干沙漠地下有非常充足的水源,以及介绍这些水是如何形成的。
6.细节理解题。
根据文中Whenwethinkaboutthedesertsoftheworld,waterabundance(资源丰富)isoneofthelastthingsthatcometomind.ButthatmightchangefortheTaklamakanDesert(塔克拉玛干沙漠)inChina.可知,文章讲述的是中国的塔克拉玛干沙漠地下的水资源的问题,所以这个故事是发生在中国,故选A。
7.细节理解题。
根据文中ThereisahugeundergroundseathathasmorewaterthanallofthegreatlakesintotalinNorthAmerica.“Peoplehaveneverdaredtoimaginesomuchwaterunderthesandbefore,”saidProfessorLiYan.以及Sohowdidthisdeserthavesuchhugewater?
可知,他们发现了塔克拉玛干沙漠有水,故选C。
8.词义猜测题。
根据文中Abasinis,avalley(山谷)thatusuallycollectswaterfromthemountaindrainagesystemslikewaterthathasmeltedandisrunningdownfromnearby,snow-coveredmountains.……是一个山谷,通常从山区排水系统收集水,就像融化的水从附近积雪的山上流下来一样。
由此可知,这里的basin指的是“盆地”,故选A。
9.细节理解题。
根据文中Thescientistsdon’tadviselocalstogodiggingforit,though,becauseit’sextremelysaltyseawater.可知,因为水太咸了,所以科学家不建议人们挖,故选B。
10.主旨大意题。
根据文中Whenwethinkaboutthedesertsoftheworld,waterabundance(资源丰富)isoneofthelastthingsthatcometomind.ButthatmightchangefortheTaklamakanDesert(塔克拉玛干沙漠)inChina.以及后文的描述可知,文章主要是介绍塔克拉玛干沙漠地下有水的问题,所以D选项比较符合,故选D。
3
Xinhuanews-China’sChang’e-5probe(探测器)willgettotheearthfromthemoononDecember17th,2020.
OnDecember3rd,2020,aChinesespaceship,Chang’e-5probe,tookofffromthesurfaceofthemoon.Itcarriedthecountry’sfirstsamples(样本)ofthesoilandrocksonthemoon.
Chang’e-5probeisthefirstChinesespaceshiptotakeofffromastarinspaceexcepttheearth.OnNovember24th,Chang’e-5probewaslaunchedfromWenchang,HainanProvinceinChina.ItlandedsafelyonthemoononDecember1st.
Thetakeofffromthemoonovercamealotofdifficulties,includingthedifferentenvironmentsbetweentheearthandthemoon.“Butluckily,wemadeit.”XingZhuoyi,adesignerofChang’e-5probesaidexcitedly.Beforethetakeoff,aChinesenationalflagwasunfoldedfromtheprobe.“Everybodyinthesciencehallclappedtheirhandstogetherwarmly.”Xingsaid.Atthattime,hefeltsoproudofhisworkandhiscountry.
Chang’e-5isoneofthemostimportantandchallengingtasksinChinesespacehistory.Ithasalsobeentheworld’sfirstmoon-sampletaskinmorethan40years.Ifsuccessful,thetaskwillhelpimproveChina’sscienceandtechnologydevelopment.ItwillplayanimportantpartinChina’sfuturemoonlandinganddeep-spaceexploration(探索).
11.WhendidChang’e-5takeofffromthemoon?
A.OnNovember24th,2020.B.OnDecember1st,2020.
C.OnDecember3rd,2020.D.OnDecember17th,2020.
12.Whatisthemostpossiblemeaningoftheword“launched”?
A.发射B.接收C.返回D.运输
13.Whenwasthelasttimetheworldgotmoonsamples?
A.Inthe1970s.B.Inthe1980s.C.Inthe1990s.D.Inthe2000s.
14.Whichistherightorderaccordingtothepassage?
①Chang’e-5probelandedsafelyonthemoon.
②AChinesenationalflagwasunfoldedfromtheprobe.
③Chang’e-5probetookofffromthesurfaceofthemoon.
④Chang’e-5probewaslaunchedfromWenchang,HainanProvince.
A.①②③④B.①③②④C.④③①②D.④①②③
15.Thebesttitleofthispassagemaybe________.
A.AStoryofChang’eB.AGreatStepforChinaSpace
C.ANewJourneytotheEarthD.
China’sScienceandTechnology
【答案】11.C12.A13.A14.D15.B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了中国嫦娥5号探测器探月的过程。
该事件对中国的航天领域以及科学发展有着深远影响。
11.细节理解题。
根据第二段“OnDecember3rd,2020,aChinesespaceship,Chang’e-5probe,tookofffromthesurfaceofthemoon.”可知,2020年12月3日,嫦娥五号探测器从月球表面起飞。
故选C。
12.词句猜测题。
根据第三段“Chang’e-5probewaslaunchedfromWenchang,HainanProvinceinChina.ItlandedsafelyonthemoononDecember1st.”可知,嫦娥5号从文昌发射,于月球着陆;故launched意为“发射”。
故选A。
13.推理判断题。
根据最后一段“Ithasalsobeentheworld’sfirstmoon-sampletaskinmorethan40years.”可知,上一次取得月球样本距2020年已经40多年了;故可推断区间范围在1970-1979年,即1970s。
故选A。
14.细节理解题。
根据“Chang’e-5probewaslaunchedfromWenchang…Itlandedsafelyonthemoon…aChinesenationalflagwasunfoldedfromtheprobe…Chang’e-5probe,tookofffromthesurfaceofthemoon.”可知,嫦娥5号探月任务的正确顺序为:
从文昌起飞、在月球着陆、国旗展开、从月球起飞。
故选D。
15.最佳标题题。
根据最后一段“ItwillplayanimportantpartinChina’sfuturemoonlandinganddeep-spaceexploration”及全文可知,文章主要介绍了中国嫦娥5号探月过程及对中国航天领域、科学发展等方面的深远影
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