大学英语六级改错讲义张子宏.docx
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大学英语六级改错讲义张子宏.docx
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大学英语六级改错讲义张子宏
大学英语六级改错讲义(张子宏)
第一节介词
考点1:
中心词+介词of
例1:
Moreandmorepeopleliveintownsandcitiesinsteadonfarmandinvillages.(90/1,No.71)
例2:
Thefamily’srecreationandsociallifechieflyconsistedadriveinthewagontothenearbysmalltownorvillagetotransactsomebusinessaswellastochatwithneighborswhohadalsocometotown.(90/6,No.78)
考点2:
中心词+介词to
例1:
Peopleareearninghigherwagesandsalaries.Thisleadschangesinthewayoflife.(90/1,No.76)
例2:
Similarly,wefeelcomfortablewithpeoplewithphysicalqualitiessimilarasours.(95/1,No.71)
考点3:
中心词+介词on
例1:
……,butsuchreasonsaretotallydependentinthebalanceofrisksandbenefitsforthepatients.(93/6,No.75)
考点4:
中心词+介词with
例1:
Ineveryhomeastereoortelevisionwillfilltheroomssound.(95/6,No.72)
考点5:
中心词+介词for
例1:
Bigcitiesoftheworldarewell-knownbytheirnoisiness.(95/6,No.76)
j固定搭配:
onthecontrary,ononehand…ontheotherhand,onpurpose,
onbusiness,onthewhole,onthespot
k表位置,指与某物面碰面的接触:
onthewall,ontheearth
考点6:
介词onl表时间,置于某日前:
onMay4th,onSunday,onthemorningof
m表时间,指“在……之后,立即……”:
onourarrival
non和to合成的介词onto:
表示运动的方向和场所,意为“到……上,在……上”。
getontothebus,slipontothefloor
例1:
……,onthecontrast,theintimateatmosphereofthesmallcollegeallowsthestudentsfouryearsofstructurallivinginwhichtoexpectandpreparefortherealworld.(96/6,No.79)
例2:
Menhaveexploredpartsofthemoon,putspaceshipsinorbitaroundanotherandpossiblywithinthedecadewilllandintoanotherplanetandexploreit.(00/1,No.73)
考点7:
其它常用介词的基本含义
j介词in:
表示“在(某空间)里面”,构成“in+空间、范围”
k介词for:
表示“为某一目的而准备”;或者,for用于表示持续的时间;表原因
l介词from:
表示“特定地点或时间的起点”;或者,指特定的“来源或起因”
m介词by:
表示“按照,根据,由,依据,”;或者,为“借助于,通过”
例1:
Onsomefields,thishadclearlynothappened.(96/1,No.78)
例2:
……aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvitedtoanArabmealatoneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast.(00/6,No.75)
例3:
Ifhewasabsentbecauseofsickness,therewasoftennojobfromhimwhenhereturned.(94/1,No.77)
例4:
Weaskedalady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell-manneredpersononthewaytheyoccupiedthespacearoundthem…….(00/6,No.71)
例5:
…,andwinningaffectionandrespectinthiswaywithoutawareoftheirmethods.(95/1,No.80)
例6:
Then,abouttenyearsago,whenthisimmenselylongformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.(02/1,S8)
第二节动词
考点8:
使役动词感官动词
+sb.dosth.+sb.do/doingsth.
例1:
Theybelievethatitwasgoodbusinesstohiremen,womenandchildrenascheaplyaspossible,makethemtoworkashardastheycouldand,…(94/1,No.80)
例2:
Youcanpassanyfactoryorconstructionareaandtheroarofitsmachinerywillmakeyourearsringing.(95/6,No.75)
考点9:
主语+及物动词+宾语主语+不及物动词
例1:
Thefarmerarousedatdawnorbeforeandhadmuchworktodo,withhisownmusclesashischiefsourceofpower.(90/6,No.75)
例2:
…isahighlypersonalmatter,notadecisionweshouldremaintodoctorsalone.(93/6,No.80)
例3:
Youmayhavenoticedabouthowpeoplewholiveorworkcloselytogethercometobehaveinasimilarway.(95/1,No.72)
例4:
Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthecoinbeforearrivinghastyconclusion.(00/1,No.80)
例5:
HisArabhost,whohadbeenwatching,saidofnothing,butimmediatelycopiedtheactionofhisguest.(00/6,No.80)
考点10:
分词作定语的用法:
j-ing分词+中心词
k-ed分词+中心词
例1:
Soasportsman’sindividualwayofwalkingwithraisedshouldersisimitatedbyanadmiredfan.(95/1,No.74)
例2:
Eventhequietofourcarefullyprotectedwildernessareascanbeinvadedatanymomentbyapassedjet.(95/6,No.79)
考点11:
动词的-ing与-ed形式在谓语中的用法区别
j主语+be+-ing
k主语+be+-ed
例1:
Decidinghowmuchdiscomfortandriskwearepreparingtoputupwithinthenameofbetterhealthis…(93/6,No.78)
例2:
…oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresourcestheyarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts.(00/1,No.79)
考点12:
其它需注意的动词用法
j常见动词词组为固定短语,不可随意变更,如keepinmind,growup,calloff等。
kthus,thereby等副词后常跟动词-ing形式。
lconsidering,regarding,concerning可作介词,其后接名词或动名词作介词宾语
m连词and连接的并列动词为平行结构,或同为不定式,或同为分词形式。
例1:
Thistendencyoftechnologytomakeworkerssuperfluousbutatthesametimeallowingtheirnumbertogrowupsolargeiscreatingpsychologicaltensions.(98/1,No.78)
例2:
Butwemustkeepinheadthebillionsofdollarswemightspendincarryingouttheproject.(00/1,No.76)
例3:
Thesmallcollege,however,generallyprovidesalimitednumberofcoursesandspecializationsbutoffersabetterstudent-facultyratio,thuspermitindividualizedattentiontostudents.(96/6,No.74)
例4:
Considerthegreatneedforimprovingmanyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment,oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoney…(00/1,No.79)
例5:
…theintimateatmosphereofthesmallcollegeallowsthestudentfouryearsofstructurallivinginwhichtoexpectandpreparingfortherealworld.(96/6,No.80)
第三节数词、名词和代词
考点13:
j置于表时间的名词前:
fifteenminutes,fiftyhours
k置于表距离的名词前:
fortymiles,fourkilometres
l置于表价格的名词前:
thirtydollars
基数词
m置于表重量的名词前:
threekilograms
n置于表温度的名词前:
89ºF
o表示考试得分:
geteighty-eightonthetest
p表示尺码,置于表尺码的名词后:
wearsizethirty-eight
q表示物件数目或数量,置于名词前:
twocaps,fournovels
j表示某月中的第几号:
onJulythe4th,onthe10thofSeptember
k表示在几世纪:
inthe4thcenturyB.C.,intheeighteenthcentury
序数词
l表示运动会或其它大型活动的第几届:
the25thOlympicGames
m表示考试的排名:
comein11thinthetest
n表示顺序或位置,置于名词前:
inthe15throw,the2ndlongestriver
例1:
Inthenineteencentury,farmworkandlifewerenotmuchchangedfromwhattheyhadbeenintheolddays.(90/6,No.73)
例2:
Duringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,perhapsoneineveryseventhdeathsinEurope’scrowdedcitieswascausedbythedisease.(00/1,No.75)
考点14:
名词(noun)
j可数名词(countablenoun)单数形式前用a/an;复数形式后加-s或-es。
如:
ajob,twocakes,threepotatoes。
k不可数名词(uncountablenoun)前不可用a/an,但可用the或不用;没有复数形式。
下列名词常用作不可数名词:
accommodation(食宿),accuracy,advice,baggage,behaviour,bread,cash,clothing,equipment,fun,furniture,harm,information,knowledge,leisure,luck,lightning,living,luggage,machinery,money,news,paper,permission,produce(农产品),progress,scenery,traffic,travel,trouble,thunder,weather,work,uncertainty等。
例1:
Thegovernmentalsoaffectsthekindofworkspeopledo.(90/1,No.79)
例2:
Itseemsthattheprogressesofmanincludesarisingvolumeofnoise.(95/6,No.71)
例3:
Canwebesoboldastosuggestthatwemaybeabletocolonizeotherplanetwithinthenot-too-distantfuture?
(00/1,No.75)
例4:
Theyspentoveramillionyearevolvingasco-operativehunters.(02/1,S5)
例5:
Therisksanduncertaintiesoffarmingwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.(02/1,S10)
考点15:
代词照应
j人称照应:
是指人称代词、物主代词、反身代词与其指代对象之间的照应。
k指示照应:
是由指示代词和指示限定词实现的照应关系。
例1:
Thewidespreaduseofsuchelectricalappliancesmeansthatthereisaneedforservicementokeepitrunningproperly.(90/1,No.75)
例2:
Andifhedoesnoticethematchingofhisgesturesormovements,hefindsitpleasingheisinfluencingpeople:
theyaredrawntothem.(95/1,No.78)
例3:
Amansurroundedbyflamesandsmokegenerallyconsidersthatjumpingoutofasecond-floorwindowisanacceptablerisktosaveitslife.(93/6,No.72)
例4:
Theworkingmanhadlittleschoolingbeyondhiscraft,andtherewaslittlehopethattheirchildrenwouldhaveanythingbetter.(94/1,No.73)
例5:
Youcanpassanyfactoryorconstructionareaandtheroaroftheirmachinerywillmakeyourearsring.(95/6,No.74)
例6:
Abreakintheiremployment,oradecisiontoworkpart-time,willslowitsraisesandpromotionsasitwouldformen.(96/1,No.75)
例7:
Butif98percentofusdon’tneedtowork,whatarewegoingtodowithoneself?
(98/1,No.80)
例8:
Unconsciouslywecopytheseweareclosetoorloveoradmire.(95/1,No.73)
考点16:
复合不定代词的用法
用于陈述句用于疑问句、否定句
例1:
Thefarmfamilygrewandmadealmostnothingitneeded.(90/6,No.71)
例2:
Theworkingmanhadlittleschoolingbeyondhiscraft,andtherewaslittlehopethathischildrenwouldhavenothingbetter.(94/1,No.73)
考点17:
先行代词it
j作形式主语:
it+“be”+名词/形容词+(of/for+名词/代词+)+不定式
k作形式宾语:
主语+动词+it+名词/形容词+不定式
例1:
Theybelievedthatwasgoodbusinesstohiremen,womenandchildrenascheaplyaspossible.(94/1,No.79)
例2:
Whiletechnologymakesthispossibleforfourorevensixbillionofustoexist,italsoeliminatesourjobopportunities.(98/1,No.75)
第四节冠词
考点18:
jby+kby+the+
表方式表触及
例1:
Dishwashersandwashingmachinesdojobsthatwereoncedonebythehand.(90/1,No.74)
考点19:
bed,church,college,university,school,court,hospital,prison,sea等表处所的名词及名词work用来指有关活动时,一般不用冠词。
例1:
Dayornight,thesoundoftheworkfillstheair.(95/6,No.77)
考点20:
the+先行词+同位语从句(that-clause)
例:
Mostofthedollardifferencesstemfromfactthatwomentendtobemorerecentlyemployedandhavefeweryearsonthejob.(96/1,No.71)
考点21:
冠词的习惯用法
j习惯用定冠词的短语
bythewayforthetimebeinginthecaseof(至于……)
inthelongruninthehabitofinthepossessionof
k习惯用不定冠词的短语
allofasuddenasaruleasamatteroffact
ataloss(不知所措)onalargescaleinahurry
haveagoodtimekeepaneyeonlendahand
l习惯用零冠词的短语
atpresentathand(近在手边)atstake
attable(在进餐)atwarbywayof(经由)
inhonorofintroubleinorder
inplace(适当的)inadvanceinfashion(时兴、流行)
infactincase(of)(如果)inpossessionof(拥有)
例1:
Thistendencyoftechnologytomakewordssuperfluous(过剩)butatsametimeallowingtheirnumbertogrowsolargeiscreatingpsychologicaltensions.(98/1,No.77)
考点22:
零冠词
j表示洲的名词前:
如Asia,Europe,America,Africa,Oceania
k表示国家、省市的名词前(但由短语组成的国家,或以-s结尾的国家前需要用定冠词the):
如China,Russia,France,Beijing,London
l表示街道、建筑名词前(但有of介词短语修饰时,需用定冠词the,如thetowerofLondon,theGreatWallofChina):
如Broadway,RedSquare
m表示大学名称的名词前(但有of介词短语修饰时需用定冠词the,如theUniversityofNorthCarolina):
如YaleUnive
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