营口市最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题含答案.docx
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营口市最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题含答案.docx
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营口市最新高考英语阅读理解复习题含答案
营口市最新高考英语阅读理解复习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.
TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.
JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.
Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople."
Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.
"Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential(潜力)intermsofheight.
Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."
(1)Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?
A. Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.
B. Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.
C. Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.
D. Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.
(2)WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?
A. Theyenjoyaneasierlife.
B. Theytendtolivelonger.
C. Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases. D. Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?
A. Sloweddown.
B. Goneupwards.
C. Changedtothecontrary.
D. Cometolifeagain.
(4)WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?
A. Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.
B. Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.
C. Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.
D. Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。
我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。
如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里,人们的身高不断增长,韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上,伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。
一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。
"可知,这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高,得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知,身材更高的人平均寿命更长。
故选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期,乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加;以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中,随着身高的下降。
可知,reversed的意思是"反转"。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来的几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
可知,他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.(2019•江苏)请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?
Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?
Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.
ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.
Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.
Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.
Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.
(1)Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto________.
A. alackofconfidenceintechnology
B. aslowprogressintechnology
C. aconflictofpublicopinions
D. awasteoflimitedresources
(2)TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould________.
A. takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccount
B. maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeople
C. ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupport
D. providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities
(3)Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?
A. Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.
B. Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.
C. Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.
D. Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.
(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.
B. Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.
C. Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.
D. Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)B
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,介绍了对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家,对个人,对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“However,theyhavereakimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.”可知,对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用,也就是资源的浪费,故选D。
(2)推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.”可知,与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心,还不如给钱打井,铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机,这些东西更能改善他们的生活。
作者不是说这些东西一定更重要,但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本,因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况,而不是一味地追求信息化,故选A。
(3)推理判断题。
根据第五段“Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".以及Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.”可知,对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。
正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界,很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规,故选B。
(4)推理判断题。
根据第三段“ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.”可知,对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论
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