完整word版考研英语试题及答案.docx
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完整word版考研英语试题及答案.docx
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完整word版考研英语试题及答案
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on
ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)
focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories大21家onthe
individualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior大22家theywerenotsufficientlypenalized
forpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough
withothers.Theories
家大23
focusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin大24家totheirfailuretorise
abovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,大25家asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.
Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,大26家
thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes大27家
lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare大28家tocriticism.
Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly大29家juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesin
theeconomythat大30家tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment大31家make
gainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin大32家leadmore
youthsintocriminalbehavior.
Familieshavealso大33家changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsor
twoworkingparents;大34家,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome大35家was
commoninthetraditionalfamily大36家.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluence
onjuvenilecrimerates.Other大37家causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,the
increased大38家ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing大39家ofchildabuseandchildneglect.All
theseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,大40家adirect
causalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
21.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering[D]commenting
22.[A]before[B]unless[C]until[D]because
23.[A]interaction[B]assimilation[C]cooperation[D]consultation
24.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference[D]response
25.[A]or[B]butrather[C]but[D]orelse
[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting[D]discarding26.
27.[A]on[B]in[C]for[D]with
[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive[D]subject28.
[A]affect[B]reduce[C]check[D]reflect29.[A]point[B]lead[C]come[D]amount30.
[A]ingeneral[B]onaverage[C]bycontrast[D]atlength31.
[A]case[B]short[C]turn[D]essence32.[A]survived[B]noticed[C]undertaken[D]experienced33.
[A]contrarily[B]consequently[C]similarly[D]simultaneously34.
[A]than[B]that[C]which[D]as35.[A]system[B]structure[C]concept[D]heritage36.
[A]assessable[B]identifiable[C]negligible[D]incredible37.
[A]expense[B]restriction[C]allocation[D]availability38.[A]incidence[B]awareness[C]exposure[D]popularity39.[A]provided[B]since[C]although[D]supposing40.
SectionIIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark
youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseon
theInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite's“personalsearchagent.”It'san
interactivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthem
whenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,
andWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.“Istruckgold,”says
Redmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.
Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbe
time-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.But
althoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,for
example,mayworkagainstyou:
“Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility.”saysone
expert.
Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttodo--then
broadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.“There'snocareercounselingimplicitin
allofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsina
particulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.“Iwouldnot
relyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,”saystheauthorofa
job-searchingguide.
Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite'sagentsendsout
messagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs--
thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhaveto
visitthesiteagaintofindthem--andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharp
increaseinourtraffic,”saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.
Eventhosewhoaren'thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepa
closewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselves
whennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.
“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganotherset
ofeyeslookingoutforyou.
41.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?
[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.
[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.
[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.
[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.
42.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?
[A]Lackofcounseling.
[B]Limitednumberofvisits.
[C]Lowerefficiency.
[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches.
43.Theexpression“tipservice”(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans________.
[A]advisory
[B]compensation
[C]interaction
[D]reminder
44.WhydoesCareerSite'sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?
[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.
[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.
[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.
[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.
45.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.
[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.
[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.
[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.
Text2
Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.
Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:
alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsucha
disadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfof
thealphabet.
IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhen
customersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasin
lifeoverZo?
Zysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.Yeta
suspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.
ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and
26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainst
just16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountries
arealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrétienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthree
topcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifone
ofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,Ellison
andAlbrecht).
Canthismerelybecoincidence?
Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythe
alphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,
teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.So
short-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposed
bythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadalucky
escape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellasless
confidenceinspeakingpublicly.
Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawards
first;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjob
up
drawnbetotendallattendees:
andspeakersconferenceoflistspapers,ballotelectioninterviews,
alphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.
46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?
[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.
[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.
[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.
[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination.
47.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?
[A]InbothEastandWest,names
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