语言学单元自测8word精品.docx
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语言学单元自测8word精品.docx
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语言学单元自测8word精品
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.
1.Sociolinguisticsisthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudiessocialcontexts.
2.Languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.
3.Languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother,fromoneregionalgrouptoanother,fromonesocialgrouptoanother,andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.
4.ThegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureofIanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.
5.Thelinguisticmarkersthatcharacterizeindividualsocialgroupsmayserveassocialmarkersofgroupmembership.
6.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,theterm“speechvariety”cannotbeusedtorefertostandardlanguage,vernacularlanguage,dialectorpidgin.
7Functionalspeechvarietiesareknownasregionaldialects.
8.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.
9.Geographicalbarriersaretheonlysourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.
10.Aperson'ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.
11.Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.
12.Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.
13.Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.
14.Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.
15.Pidginsarelinguisticallyinferiortostandardlanguages.
16.Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.
17.Themajordifferencebetweenapidginandacreoleisthattheformerusuallyhasitsnativespeakerswhilethelatterdoesn't.
18.Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.
19.Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.
20.Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.
II.Fillineachoftheblanksbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.
21.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc.
22.Speechvreferstoanydistinguishableformofspeechused
byaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.
23.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,aspeechvarietyisnomorethanadvarietyofalanguage.
24.Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguagep.
25.Socialvariationgivesrisetoswhicharesub-divisibleinto
smallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,
occupationalbackground,etc.
26.Svariationinaperson'sspeechorwritingusuallyrangeson
acontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.
27.Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationalorolanguageofacountry.
28.Thestandardlanguageisas,sociallyprestigiousdialect
oflanguage.
29.Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard,or
vlanguages.
30.Apidgintypicallylacksinimorphemes.
31.Linguistictabooreflectsstaboo.
32.Theavoidanceofusingtaboolanguagemirrorssocialattitudes,
emotionsandvaluejudgmentsandhasnolbasis.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
33.isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguage
variationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.
A.Psycholinguistics
B.Sociolinguistics
C.Historicallinguistics
D.Generallinguistics
34.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits
A.useofwords
B.useofstructures
C.accent
D.morphemes
35.isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawherea
speakercomesfrom.
A.Regionalvariation
B.Languagevariation
C.Socialvariation
D.Registervariation
36.arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.
A.Geographicalbarriers
B.Loyaltytoandconfidenceinone'snativespeech
C.Physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange
D.Socialbarriers
37.meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegov-ernment
choose,aparticularspeechvariety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.
A.Languageinterference
B.Languagechanges
C.Languageplanning
D.Languagetransfer
38.inaperson'sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesona
continuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.
A.Regionalvariation
B.Changesinemotions
C.Variationinconnotations
D.Stylisticvariation
39.Aisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcom-
municationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticback-grounds.
A.linguafranca
B.register
C.Creole
D.nationallanguage
40.Althougharesimplifiedlanguageswithreducedgrammatical
features,theyarerule-governed,likeanyhumanlanguage.
A.vernacularlanguages
B.creoles
C.pidgins
D.sociolects
41.Innormalsituations,speakerstendtousemoreprestigious
formsthantheircounterpartswiththesamesocialback-ground.
A.female;male
B.male;female
C.old;young
D.young;old
42.Alinguisticreferstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibit-edby
the"polite"societyfromgeneraluse.
A.slang
B.euphemism
C.jargon
D.taboo
IV.Definethefollowingterms.
43.
sociolinguistics
44.
speechcommunity
45.
speechvariety
46.
languageplanning
47.
idiolect
48.
standardlanguage
49.
nonstandardlanguage
50.
linguafranca
51.
pidgin
52.
Creole
53.
diglossia
54.
Bilingualism
55.
ethnicdialect
56.
Sociolect
57.
register
58.
slang
59.
taboo
60.
euphemism
V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary.
61.Discusswithexamplesthatthespeechofwomenmaydifferfromthespeechofmen.
62.DiscusswithexamplessomeofthelinguisticdifferencesbetweenStandardEnglishandBlackEnglish.
63.Whatisalinguistictaboo?
Whateffectdoesithaveonouruseoflanguage?
SuggestedAnswers
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.
F
F
T
T
T
F
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
F
8.
F
9.
F
10.
F
11.
F
12.
T
13.
F
14.
F
15.
F
16.
T
17.
F
18.
F
19.
T
20.
F
II.Fillineachoftheblanksbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.
21.
community
22.
variety
23.
dialectal
24.
planning
25.
sociolects
26.
Stylistic
27.
official
28.
superposed
29.
vernacular
30.
inflectional
31.
social
32.
linguistic
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
33.-37.BCAAC
38.-42.DACAD
IV.Definethefollowingterms.
43.Sociolinguistics:
Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinsocialcontexts.
44.Speechcommunity:
Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechcommunityoraspeechcommunityisagroupofpeoplewhoformacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage.Theimportantcharacteristicofaspeechcommunityisthatthemembersofthegroupmust,insomereasonableway,interactlin-guisticallywithothermembersofthecommunity.Theymaysharecloselyre-latedlanguagevarieties,aswellasattitudestowardlinguisticnorms.
45.Speechvariety:
Speechvariety,alsoknownaslanguagevariety,referstoanydistin-guishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofaspeechvarietymaybelexicalphonological,morphological,syntactic,oracombinationoflinguisticfeatures.
46.Languageplanning:
Languagestandardizationisknownaslan-guageplanning.Thismeansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentorgovernmentagencyofacountry,chooseaparticularspeechvarietyandspreadtheuseofit,includingitspronunciationandspellingsystems,acrossregionalboundaries.
47.Idiolect:
Anidiolectisapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcom-binesaspectsofalltheelementsregardingregional,social,andstylisticvariation,inoneformoranother.Inanarrowersense,whatmakesupone'sidiolectincludesalsosuchfactorsasvoicequality,pitchandspeechrhythm,whichallcontributetotheidentifyingfeaturesinanindividual'sspeech.
48.Standardlanguage:
Thestandardlanguageisasuperposed,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.Itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandthejudiciarysystem,usedbythemassmedia,andtaughtineducationalinstitutions,in-cludingschoolsettingswherethelanguageistaughtasaforeignorsecondlanguage.
49.Nonstandardlanguage:
Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandardlanguages.
50.Linguafranca:
Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcom-municationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.
51.Pidgin:
Apidginisavarietyoflanguagethatisgenerallyusedbynativespeak-ersofotherlanguagesasamediumofcommunication.
52.Creole:
ACreolelanguageisoriginallyapidginthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.
53.Diglossia:
Diglossiausuallydescribesasituationinwhichtwoverydifferentvari-etiesoflanguageco-existinaspeechcommunity,eachwithadistinctrangeofpurelysocialfunct
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