高考英语熟词生义.docx
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高考英语熟词生义.docx
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高考英语熟词生义
高考英语熟词生义
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据,而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式,未有词性和词义。
这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间,给他们减少了很多限制,但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。
因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的。
例如:
2001年全国卷中第26题:
Wedidn'tplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit_____verywell.
A.workedoutB.triedoutC.wentonD.carriedon
正确答案为A。
此处workout的词义为“(情况)发展……”、“进行……”。
其余干扰项的干扰作用都很大。
如果没有完全掌握workout的含义,根本无法选定这个选项,更何况,我们的课本根本未有把workout作“(情况)进展”、“进行”解释过。
单选题如此,阅读理解、完形填空等题中熟词生义现象更是比比皆是。
为了能使我们广大考生顺利通过考试,我们将根据《考试说明》的词汇表,按照字母顺序举例解析我们常见常考的熟词生义。
2009年全国卷I:
Encourageyourchildrentotrynewthings.Buttrynotto_______themtoohard.
A.drawB.strikeC.rushD.push(逼迫,敦促)
本来push表示推的意思。
2009年全国卷II:
Ifyouleavetheclub,youwillnotbe_______backin.
A.receivedB.admitted(准许进入,准许加入俱乐部,组织等;接收入学)C,turnedD.moved
admit本来表示承认
山东卷2009:
-Doyouhaveenoughto_______allyourdailyexpenses?
-Oh,yes,enoughandtospare.(闲置的,不用的,闲钱)
A.cover(钱足够……之用)B.spendC.fillD.offer
2009湖北卷:
Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto_______theirkidsfromeverykindofdanger,realorimagined.
A.spotB.dismissC.shelter(保护,庇护)D.distinguish
shelter本意:
居所,住处,遮蔽物,庇护处
2008年山东卷:
Thefactthatsheneverapologized________alotaboutwhatkindofpersonsheis.
A.says(显示,表明)B.talksC.appearsD.declares
2008湖北卷:
Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manyChinesestill________thetraditionalcustoms.
A.performB.possessC.observe(遵守规则,法律等)D.support
2009年山东卷完型41:
Icanstillrememberhewasalwayswearing(流露,面带)asmileandwillingtohelp.
A
1.absent(adj.缺席的)
Helookedatmeinallabsentway.(adj.茫然的,恍惚的)
2.abuse(v.滥用;漫骂)
Sheisquiteasuccessfulcareerwoman,butactuallyshe'smuchabusedathome.(v.虐待)
3.ache(v.&n.疼痛)
Hewasachingforhome.(v.渴望)
4.act(v.&n.行动)
Ittakesacoupleofminutesforthedrugtoact.(vi.起作用)
5.address(n.地址v.写地址)
Itissaidthatourheadmasterwilladdressthemeeting.(vt.向……发表演说)
8.against(prep.逆着,反对;倚,靠;碰)
Thepicturelooksniceagainstthewhitewall.(prep.映衬)
9.age(n.年龄)
Worryagedhimrapidly.(v.(使)变老)
10.air(n.空气)
Don’tairyourtroublestoooften.(v.抒发;倾诉;播送)
Therewasacomfortableairaboutherroom.(n.样子,神态,气氛)
11.alone(adv.单独地,一个人地)
Shealonewasabletoanswerthequestion.(adv.仅仅,只有)
12.amount(n.量)
Thecostamountedto$200.(v.(to)共计,达到)
Whatyouhavesaidamountstoaplainrefusal.(v.相当于)
13.announce(宣布)
Awarmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.(vt.显示,预告)
14.appreciate(v.欣赏;感激;感谢)
IappreciatethatImaybewrong.(V.意识到(realize))
15.attend(v.出席;参加)
Thenurseattendedtohimdayandnight.(v.看护;治疗;陪同)
16.accompany(vt.陪伴;伴奏)
Strongwindsaccompaniedtheheavyrain.(v.伴随)
17.allow(v.允许)
Thisdietallowsyouoneglassofwineaday.(vt.使可能)
18.approach(vt.靠近;接近)
Iapproachedhimaboutfillingthemanager'sjob.(v.接洽;建议;要求)
19.available(adj.可得到的;可找到的)
Theworthyprofessorisnowavailable.(adj.(人)有空的)
B
20.become(v.变得,变成)
Hernewhatcertainlybecomesher.(vt.适于,适合)
21.behavior(n.举止;行为)
Thebehaviorofthiscomputerismoderatelygood.(n.性能,特点)
22.blank(adj.空白的n.空白)
Thestrangerreturnedmygreetingwithablanklook.(adj.没表情的;没兴趣的)
IcannotrecallwhereI'veleftmyumbrella;mymind'sacompleteblank!
(n.记忆中的空白,遗忘)
23.blue(adj.&n.蓝色)
Hissongsalwaysmakemefeelblue.(adj.忧伤的)
24.bare(adj.裸露的)
Helikestobarehisheart/soulwithhisclosefriends.(vt.向某人袒露心声)
25.bear(vt.忍受;容忍)
Hewasbadlywoundedinthewarandstillbearsthescars.(v.显示;带有)
26.bound(a由.一定会)
Idon'tlikebeingdesk-boundallday.(adj.受…约束的)
C
27.cause(v.致使)
Wearestrugglingforrevolutionarycause.(n.事业)
28.celebrate(vt.庆祝)
Hecelebratedherforhercourage.(vt.称颂,赞扬)
29.climate(n.气候)
Theculturalclimatehereissomehowalittleupsetting.(n.风气;思潮;倾向)
30.cloudy(adj.阴的,多云的)
Whodiditstillremainscloudy.(adj.不明朗的,不清晰的)
31.coach(n.教练)
ShecoachedmeinEnglish.(v.辅导,指导)
32.count(n.&v.计算,数)
(1)Thereare10peopleintheclassroomcountingtwoteachers.(vt.包括)
(2)Itisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.(vt.有价值,重要)
(3)Shewascountedamongthegreatestdancers.(vt.以为,视为)
33.couple(n.一对,一双;一对夫妇或情侣)
Thediningcarwascoupledontothelastcoach.(v.联合,连接)
34.course(n.课程;过程)
Themaincoursewasavegetablestew.(n.一道菜)
35.cross(v.跨越,横穿n.十字)
Don'tbecrosswithhim——afterall,hemeanttohelp.(adj.生气的)
36.case(n.情况;状况)
Therearethreecasesoffeverinschool.(n.病例;案例)
37.casual(adj.偶然的;随意的)
Hewasemployedasacasuallaborer.(adj.临时的)
38.cater(v.为社交活动提供饮食;承办酒席)
TVmustcaterformanydifferenttastes.(v.满足需要;迎合)
39.challenge(v.挑战)
Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess.(v.强烈建议某人干某事)
40.chance(n.机会)
Shechancedtobeinwhenhecalled.(v.碰巧)
41.charge(v.索价,收费;指控;控告)
MotherchargedAlicetotakegoodcareofthebaby.(v.赋予……责任或义务)
42.clean(adj.干净的)
Icleanforgotaboutit(adv.彻底地;完全地)
43.consume(vt.消耗;消费)
Thefiresoonconsumedtheoldwoodenbuildingsintheneighborhood.(vt.烧毁;毁灭)
D
44.damage(v.&n.损坏)
Heclaimed$7000damagesfromthetaxicompany.(n.赔偿金(复)=compensation)
45.dawn(n拂晓v.破晓,天亮)
Thetruthbegantodawnonhim.(v.开始明白)
46.desert(n.沙漠)
Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenandwentabroad.(v.抛弃,离弃)
47.develop(v.发展;开发;研制)
Didyouhavethefilmsdeveloped?
(v.冲印)
developadisease/ahabit(v.逐渐形成)
Sureenough,mostoftheplantsdevelopedthedisease.(vt.患病;出现问题)
48.difficult(adj.困难的)(adj.难以取悦的,不易满足的)
Heisadifficultmantocontendwith.他是一个难对付的人。
49.dismiss.(v.解雇,开除)
Hejustlaughedanddismissedmysuggestionasunrealistic.(v.拒绝考虑(某观点等))
50.drive(v.驾驶)
Hungerdrovehertosteal.(V.迫使某人(做不好或不快的事))
51.divorce(v.与某人离婚)
Youcan’tdivorcesciencefromethicalquestions.(v.使分离;使脱离)
52.draw(v.画;拖;拉)
Whatmoralarewetodrawfromthestory?
(v.获得,取得,推断出)
E
53.engage(vt.从事)
Apersonalcomputerengageshisinterestnow.(vt.吸引)
54.excuse(n.借口v.原谅)
Hewasexcusedfrompianopractice.(v.免除某人的职责)
55.express(v.表达)
Hisexpresswishwasthatyoushouldcomeherebyair.(adj.明确的)
IsthereanexpressfromNanjingtoShanghai?
(n.快车)
56.encourage(vt.鼓励;激励)
Goodhealthencouragesclearthinking.(v.促进,助长,刺激)
57.escape(v.逃跑;逃脱)
Hisnameescapesmeforthemoment.(v.被忘掉;被忽视)
58.explode(v.爆炸爆裂)
I'mabouttoexplode!
Hebrokemyviolin.(v.勃然大怒;大发雷霆)
59.exploit(v.开发;开采;剥削)
Youmustexploiteveryopportunitytolearnnewthings.(v.利用)
F
60.fail(v.失败)
Ourwatersupplyfailed.(v.不足;缺乏)
Heisfailinginhealth./Hishealthisfailing.(v.衰退,衰弱)
Hefailedtolendherahand.(v.未能)
Wordsfailedhim.(vt.使失望;有负于)
61.fill(v.填满)
Hisanswerdidnotfillourneed.(vt.满足)
62.fine(adj.美好的,很棒的,晴朗的)
There'safinedistinctionbetweenthemeaningsofthetwowords.(adj.微妙的)
Themanwillgetafineifheparksthecarthere.(n.罚款)
63.fond(adj.自由的,喜欢的;慈爱的;深情的)
Fondparentswillspoiltheirchild.(adj.溺爱的)
64.force(vt.强迫)
Thepolicemanforcedtheknifefromthecriminal'shand.(vt.夺取)
Heforcedasmilewhenhesawme.(vt.forceasmile挤出笑容)
65.foreign(adj.外国的;外交的)
Thesubjectisforeigntome.(adj.不熟悉的)
Tellingliesisforeigntohernature.(adj.和……格格不人)
66.form.(vt.形成)
Icannotformanopinionaboutit.(vt.想出)
67.freeze(v.结冰,凝固)
Freeze!
OrI'llshoot.(v.不许动)
68.fly(v.飞;飞翔;飞彤n.苍蝇)
Thechildrenflewtomeettheirmother.(v.疾驰;疾行)
69.fresh(adj.新鲜的)
Sheisquitefreshtoofficework.(adj.无经验的)
G
70.gain(v.获得;赢得)
Don'tworry.Mywatchgains.Westillhavetime.(v.(钟表)快)
Theeargainedspeedgradually.(vt.增加(速度,重量))
71.ground(n.地面)
Hehasstronggroundsformoremoney.(n.理由)
Didthepolicehavereasonablegroundstoarresthim?
(同上)
Weopposethebill,onthegroundsthatitdiscriminatesagainstwomen.
72.glare(v.怒目而视)
Thesunglaredoutofthebluesky.(v.发出刺眼的光)
73.govern(v.管理;控制)
Thelawofsupplyanddemandgovernsthepricesofgoods.(vt.影响;支配)
74.Growup(长大;成熟)
Awarmfriendshipgrewupbetweenthetwomen.(逐渐发展;形成)
H
75.hit(vt.击中,打击)
ThefilmHerobyZhangYimouisquiteahitofthisyear.(n.成功;红极一时的人或事)
76.hold(vt.握住,抓住;抱住)
Hispromisestillholds.(vi:
适用,有效)
I
77.ill(adj.生病的)
It'snogoodspeakingillofothers.(adj.&adv.坏的/地)
78.industry(n.工业;产业)
Hissuccesswasduetoindustry.(n.努力;勤勉)
79.interest(n.兴趣)
Ourfamilyhasaninterestinthebusiness.(n.利益;股份)
80.invent(v.发明)
Heinventedanexcuseforhisbeinglate.(v.捏造,虚构)
81.invite(v.邀请)
Don'tleavethewindowopen—it'sinvitingthievestoenter.(v.吸引)
Thedishesarereallyinviting.(adj.诱人的)
82.inspire(v:
激励;鼓舞)
Hisbestmusicwasinspiredbythememoryofhismother.(v.启发)
J
83.jam(n.果酱)
Hejammedfourapplesinhispocket.(vt.塞进)
Theaccidentjammedthemainroadfor2hours.(vt.堵塞)
Therearetrafficjamseverydayonthisroad.(n..堵塞)
84.jump(v.&n.跳)
Lastweekthepriceofgoodsjumped.(n./v.大幅度上涨)
85.just(adv.正好;恰好)
Youareajustperson.(adj.公正的)
K
86.kid(n.小孩)
Takeiteasy.I'mjustkidding.(v.开玩笑;欺骗)
87.kill(v.杀掉;害死)
Thatguyhangsaroundalldaylong,justkillingtime.(v.消磨(时间))
L
88.late(adj.迟到的/地;晚的/地)
Shemissedherlatehusbandverymuch.(adj.已故的)
89.lecture(v./n.讲课;演讲)
Dostoplecturingme.(V.训斥;教训)
90.lift(v.拾高)
Canyougivemealift?
(n.搭便车)
Hisreportgaveusalift.(n.鼓舞)
91.lose(V.失去;丢掉)
Pleasehurry!
Mywatchloses10minutes.(vi.(钟表)慢(与gain相对))
92.lot(n.量,批)
Itisdifficultforustofindaparkinglotoutsidesomeshoppingcenters.(n.作某种用途的场地)
93.lay(vt.放置;产卵;下蛋)
Thefoundationsoft
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