The Differences of Chinese and English Culture and.docx
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The Differences of Chinese and English Culture and.docx
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TheDifferencesofChineseandEnglishCultureand
中国某某某某学校
学生毕业设计(论文)
题目:
TheDifferencesofChineseand
EnglishCultureandTranslation
姓名:
00000
班级、学号:
000000000
系(部):
经济管理系
专业:
商务英语
指导教师:
00000000
开题时间:
2009-04-10
完成时间:
2009-11-2
2009年11月2日
毕业设计任务书…………………………………………………1
毕业设计成绩评定表……………………………………………2
答辩申请书……………………………………………………3-5
正文……………………………………………………………6-22
答辩委员会表决意见……………………………………………23
答辩过程记录表…………………………………………………24
课题TheDifferencesofChineseandEnglishCultureandTranslation
一、课题(论文)提纲
0.引言
1.英汉文化差异的主要表现
1.1风俗习惯不同
1.2历史背景不同
1.3所处环境不同
1.4宗教信仰不同
2.文化差异下的翻译策略
2.1直译法
2.2意译法
2.3转译法
2.4增译法
2.5省译法
3.文化差异对英汉翻译的影响
4.文化差异对翻译的影响的应对策略
5.结束语
二、内容摘要
文化是指人类社会历史过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。
具体说来,文化包括宗教、习俗、历史、艺术等方面。
每个民族的生活习惯、知识水平、人生观、价值观、道德观等都不同,文化差异由此出现,这就使不同民族的人在遇见同一事物上出现了分歧。
翻译作为跨文化交际的最主要手段之一,是和文化紧密结合在一起的。
翻译活动体现了不同文化之间的交流,同时也揭示了文化差异存在可译性。
英汉文化差异主要表现在宗教文化背景、价值取向、风俗习惯等方面,当文化差异现象在翻译中需要保留或无法求同时,可以采用直译、意译、阐释、増译和省译等翻译策略。
三,参考文献
[M].大连理工大学出版社.2007.
[M]
[M]
[M]
[M].中国翻译.2000.[M].上海外语教育出版社.1983.
TheDifferencesofChineseandEnglishCultureandTranslation
0000000
Abstract:
Culturereferstothematerialwealthandthespiritualwealthcreatedinhumanhistory.Cultureincludesreligion,custom,history,artandsoon.Everynation'slivinghabits,knowledge,philosophy,valuesandmoralityaredifferent,allofthisleadtothedifferencesinculture.Soitmakesthepeopleappearingdifferentopinionsinthesamething.Asofinterculturalcommunication,translationisoneofthemainmethodsandistightlyrelatedtoculture.Translationactivitiesreflectsthecommunicationbetweendifferentculturesandrevealsthetranslatabilityinculturaldifferences.ThedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseculturesarereflectedmainlyinreligiousculturalbackground,valueorientationandcustomshabits.Translationtechniquessuchasliteraltranslation,freetranslation,translation,amplificationandomissiontranslationcanbeappliedwhentheculturaldifferencesneedreservingorcannotbeidentifiedintranslation.
Keywords:
cultural;differences;translation
0.Introduction:
Culturecontainsmanyaspects.Languagecanevenreflectadistinguishingplaceornationamongculture.Thatistosaylanguagecanshowthisculturaldeposits.TheChineseculturehasextensiveknowledgeandisgreatlydifferentfromthewesterncountries.It’snotaeasytaskfortranslatortofullydisplaythegreatnessofcultureintranslationpractice.BecausethecultureofChineseandwesternhasthecertaindifferencewhichleadstosomephenomenathatthesameobjecthasdifferentmeaningindifferentlanguageandbothofthemappearmisunderstandatlast.Therefore,whenwetranslate,wemustaccomplishandrightunderstanddifferencesofEnglishcultureandChineseculture,oritwillinfluencearighttranslation.Ifthereisnothingwrongwiththecontentoftranslation,itwillgiveyouagoodfeast.TheculturalbackgroundofEnglishlanguageandChineselanguagehasgreatdifference,letteristhesamebutsomewordshavesenseimplicits.Normally,writerexpressestheirrealemotionthatcontainsusuallysenseimplicts.Sowhenwetranslate,wemustpayattentiontoit.
1.ThemainperformanceoftheEnglishandChineseculturaldifferences
1.1Differentcustoms
TheEnglishcustomsandChinesecustomshavemanydifferentaspects.Especiallyreflectinginsomefestivals.InChina,suchastheSpringFestival,Mid-autumnFestivalandDragonBoatFestival,inthisthreefestivalsthefamiliescanbothhavedinnerandchatwitheachother.Andsomementhattravelinaplacefarawayfromhomeorcountrycanboththinkfondlyoftheirownhomeandfamilies.Butinwestern,itseemsthatthiskindofs,salsogreatdifference.
ChineseandBritisharebothraisepet.Butithasgreatcontradictionthathowtheytreattheirpet.InChinese’seyespigisusuallyverydirtyanimal.Itsuseusuallyareestiblebypeoplewhengrowingup.ButinBritainorotherwesterncountries,peoplecantreatpigaspet,becausetheythinkpigsareverylovely.Evensometimeswhentheydescribesomeonewhoisverylovely,theywillsayhimlikeapig.ButinChinesepeople’sopinion,thebehaviorcannotbeunderstood.However,theviewappearstobeturngoodinrecentlyyears.Withtheimprovementoflivingstandard,moreandmoreChinesefamilieskeeppetsandgrowflowersathome,mostofthemwillregarddogastheirpet.Fortheythoughtthatdogscanlookafterthehomeforthemanddogsarefaithfulness.Butthestatusofdogsstillremainslow.Chinesepeopleusuallyusedogstodescribesbwhoisfawnonothersandlistentoothersortheywillsaywordslike“evilassociates”.“Brutalandcoldblooded”.ButEnglishpeoplelookondogsastheirfriends.Becausetheyconsideredthatdogscanmakesenseofpersonalities.InEnglishphrases,mostwordsreferredtodogsaren’tnegative.Forinstance,iftheywanttoexpresssomeonelucky,theywillsay“Youarealuckydog”.And“loveme,lovemydogs”isanotherinstance.Thusitcanbeseen,inEnglishpeople’sopinions,dogsareequaltopeopleinstatus.
Differencesincustomsleadtohugereactionswhendifferentcountriespeopletreatthesamethings.Sothattheywilltranslateonesentenceintogreatlydifferentsentence.
1.2Differenthistoricalbackgrounds
FivethousandsyearsofhistoricalliteratureofChinapossessdensenaturalcharacterandspecialliteraturefeature.Thehistoricalstoriesinthearticlecanbeconsideredasinvaluabletreasureinnaturalliterature.Inallages,peopleofalotofknowledgeareallovertheworld,thehistoricalstoriesmustrelatetothemtosomedegree.Suchas“showoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBantheMasterCallzenter.EveryoneknowswhatLuBandid.”Showingoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBantheMasterCallzenterisshowingone’sbadabilities.Butfewofwesternerscanunderstandthemeaning.Besides,theseallusionsofrealmeaning,suchas“Bitethehandthatfeedsyou”etc.thesestoriescan’talsobegraspedbywesterners.Asaresult,whenwetranslatetheseallusionsofhistory,wemusttranslatereallyimplicitthesensemeaningamongtheallusions,otherwiseyourtranslationfails.
1.3Differentenvironment
Thedifferentlivingenvironmentindifferentcountriesmakesthesamethingmayhavedifferentopinions,suchassomethinginakindoflanguageculturewillhaveabundentculturalconnotation,itwillgivehumansgoodimagery.However,inanotherlanguageculturemayseemsverypoor,hasnosignificance,sothedifferencesarisingtherefrom.SuchascowsisthesymbolofindustryinChineseeyes,becausethesensethatthecowgiveshumansisinthefieldsofhard-workingeveryday,andhavenotanycomplaints.Peopleoftensaysuchwordswhenatwork“Wewillhavethespiritlikethecows.”Undoubtedly,inEuropeancountries,theymustn’tunderstandit.Chinaisalargeagriculturalnation,inantiquity,thefarmingisaccomplishedbycows,sopeoplepraiseits,buttheymaynotfeelhowinportanceofcattleforhumans.
Differentgeographicalenvironmentalsocancauseculturedifferences.“Eastwindwarm”itispositiveintheHanpeoplesconsciousness.ButtheBritishpeopledisagree,owingtodifferentgeographyplaces,“eastwind”inBritishpeopleminditmeanscold.Ifwehavemeetthiscondition,shouldpaymoreattentiontothetranslation.TheseafaringofEnglandisveryfamousinthehistory,soitsculturecan’twithoutthesea,buttheChineselivedinmainland,naturallycan’twithoutland.“Spendmoneylikewater”,inEnglish,metaphorsomeonewasteofmoney,justlikewater,butChineseexplanationismiserly.Oneusewaterdescribe,anotherisusesoil.Consequently,thedifferentgeographicalenvironmentbringthemwhentheyexplainedonethingwillusedifferentthingstodescribe.Onlyreallyunderstandtheseculturesbackofthelanguages,wewillbetranslatemoreprecise.
1.4Differentreligiousbeliefs
ChinaisabeliefBuddhismnation.BuddhisminChinahasformorethanonethousandyearshistory,peoplebelievethattheBuddhaholdeverything.Wecanoftensee,whenpeoplemeetanytroubleorfamilyhaveanyills,theywillgotothetempletoprayforthebuddhistincense,toimprecateblessofthejinee.Whenthethingsgoingwell,theywillgototemplepromoseagain.Visible,theimageofBuddhaaredeeplyinthemindsoftheChinesepeople.“Don’tusuallyliketocramasincense”,inwesterneyesidioms,theymightnotunderstand,thereforemaycausecertaindifficultyattranslation,becausetheydidn’tunderstandwhattheBuddhainwhat.AndlikeTaoism,Nuwa,Panguandsoon,theseidiomsinwesternculturedidnotexist.EspeciallysomeofChina’sfairytales,foreignerscouldnotimagine,becausetheseconceptsintheirideologyhasinnoform.
Similarly,inEuropecountriesmostpeoplehasembranceChristianity,theythinkgodisdominatesall.Especiallythewords“Oh,mygod!
”Thesentenceisusuallyboasting.Evensomesimplemodalparticles,theywillputgodtouse.Anotherexample,whenonepersondied,theywillusethisphrase“gotoheaven”,becausetheybelieveheavenisgodhascreatingforthepeoplewhodied,itmaybetheplacewhichcangivethemhappytime.
2.Thetranslationstrategiesundertheculturaldifferences
Translationisnotmerelythatlanguagesnominalconversion,italsoincludesbothcultures'mutuallypenetrateandmutuallycompatible.MrBiQingholdtheviewthatthenatureofculturetranslationisuptotheidentityofknowledge,thesamestructureprincipleofsemanticsystem,andtheidenticalprincipleoftheformsofhumanbeings'thoughts.Buttherelativityofsamestructureandtheblursoflanguagesdecidetherelativityo
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