第10课 状语从句 2.docx
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第10课 状语从句 2.docx
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第10课状语从句2
LESSONTEN
状语从句
导言
状语从句是将以前学过的主谓宾状句型中的状语扩大成一个完整的句子,并用连词引导。
准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。
同时要注意主从句时态呼应。
▲时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有when,while,as,themoment,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas等。
请注意when,while,as的区别。
when--1.当...的时候通常指某一特定的时间,主句与从句的动作同时发生。
●WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.
●WhenIwaseightIbegantostudyEnglish.
●WhenIhavetimeIwillgotoseeyou.
●Hesaidhewouldtellheraboutitwhenhesawher.
注:
如果时间状语从句中,主从句都是将来的动作或状态时,英语习惯上主句用将来时,从句用一般时。
when--2.正在...的时候,突然...。
通常主句是进行时或tobeaboutto时,在翻译的时候,when可以译成没想到或突然。
●Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.
我正在街上走突然遇见了他。
●Oneevening,littleHanswassittingnearthefirewhenheheardaloudknockatthedoor.
一天晚上,小汉斯正坐在火炉旁,突然听到有人使劲敲门。
●Iwasabouttofallasleepwhenmysistercamein.
我刚睡着,我妹妹就进来了。
when--3.当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满.
●SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.
我在吃早饭的时候,真烦人,有人敲门。
●WhenIwasleavingthehouse,thepostmanarrived.
我刚要离开,邮递员偏偏来了。
1.Tom_______intothehousewhennoone__________.
A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;looked
C.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslipping;looked
1.A当when引导的从句是进行时,主句的动作有一种不满的情绪,这句话应该译成:
当没有人注意他的时候,他却偷偷地
while--1.在...期间往往指一段时间。
●WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.
我们在美国期间,见过他两次。
●Whileweweretalking,hecamein.
我们正说着话,他来了。
while--2.表示一种不满情绪意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。
●Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingfootball.
我们这儿在打扫教室而他们在踢足球。
●Thesoldierfacesthepowderwhilethebeautypowderstheface.
前方吃紧,后方紧吃。
(战士面对炸药,美人在往脸上擦粉。
)
as--1.一边...一边,随着
●Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.
●Asshegrewolder,shebecamemorebeautiful.
as--2.指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。
(不能用when因为两个动作不是同时发生)
●AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.
我刚要出去,天就下雨了。
●IsawMaryasshewasgettingonthebus.
玛丽刚要上车,我就看到她。
●Ashewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.
他正在吃早饭的时候听见有人敲门。
●SomeonepattedmeontheshoulderasIwasstandingbeforetheshopwindow.
注:
练习1是针对when,as,while用法上的区别设计,请在做练习时多加注意。
themoment–一…就…(=assoonas)
●–DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?
--Yes,IgaveittoherthemomentIsawher.
--你还记得你把欠玛丽的钱给她了吗?
--我一见她的时候我给她了。
not...until--直到...才
●Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.
直到他干完工作,才离开办公室。
=Helefttheofficewhenhefinishedthework.
注:
not...until可以和when互换,练习2是专为not...until设计的。
Before--在...之前
●Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.
●Didyouworkasastewardessbeforeyoucametothiscompany?
After--在...之后
●Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.
●Theplanetookoffaftertheairtrafficcontrollergaveclearance.
Since--自从...通常主句用现在完成时
●IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.
●Thecaptainhastraveledalmosteverywhereintheworldsincehebecameapilot.
assoonas--一…就…
●Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.
杰克病一好就去上学了。
●As soon as you feel too old to do a thing, do it.
---------M. Deland, American writer
一旦你觉得做某件事年纪太大了,赶紧做它。
--美国作家 迪兰. M.
nosooner--than--一…就…
●Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.
他刚回家就走了。
注:
nosoonerthan要求倒装。
▲条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连词有if,unless(=ifnot),as(so)longas,incase,provided(that),onconditionthat,etc.
if--如果
●Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.
●Ifitsnowstomorrow,theflightwillbecanceled.
unless--如果不,除非=ifnot
●Hewillnotjoinusunlesshechangeshismind.
=Hewillnotjoinusifhedoesnotchangehismind.
●Wecannotgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight.
=Wecannotgetthereontimeifwedon’tbooktheearliestflight.
●Don’ttroubletroubleunlesstroubletroublesyou.
注:
练习3是专为unless设计。
as(so)longas--只要
●Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.
●Youcanplaythegameaslongasyouremembertherules.
●Aman is not old as long as he is seeking(追求 )something.
Aman is not old untilregrets take the place of dreams.
----------J. Barrymore, American actor
一个人还有所追求,他就没有老。
直到后悔取代了梦想,一个
人才算老。
------------美国演员 巴里穆尔.J.
as(so)faras--据…所知
●AsfarasIknowhespeaksEnglishverywell.
incase--假使,如果
●Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.
providedthat--如果有时省略that
●Theplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.
●Youcanbecomeastewardessprovidedthatyouareingoodshape(好体型)andyouhavegotthepropereducation.
onconditionthat--条件是
●Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.
●ThemotherpromisedtothesontobuyhimatoyairplaneonconditionthathepasseshisEnglishtest.
注:
如果主从句的动作发生在将来,则主句用将来时,从句用一般时。
●Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.
●Hesaidhewouldnotleaveunlessitwasfinenextday.
▲地点状语从句
地点状语从句只有两个连词:
where和wherever.
where—在...的地方
●Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.
●Wherethathighbuildingstands,thereusedtobesomelow,dilapidated(荒废的)houses.
●Where there is a flatterer (拍马屁的人)there is also a fool.
------Joseph Addison, British writer
哪里有拍马屁的人,那里就有傻瓜。
wherever--无论哪里
●Hefollowsherwherevershegoes.
●Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.
▲原因状语
Because,as,since,now(that),inthat和for,这5个连词都用于表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱。
because--因为,通常从句放在主句之后。
●Mr.Smithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.
●Hesaidthathecouldn’tworkbecausethecomputerwasoutoforder.
●I succeeded because I willed it; I never hesitated(踌躇).
---------Bonapart Napoleon, French emperor
我成功是因为我有决心,从不踌躇。
--法国皇帝 拿破仑.B.
as--因为,通常放在句首。
●Asitisquitewindytoday,hedecidestotakethebusinsteadofridingabicycle.
●Asheishonestandmodest(谦虚),allhisfriendslikehim.
since--既然,因语气较弱,常译成既然。
●Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.
●Sincethepurserdidn’ttelluswhattodo,wecanrelax.
nowthat--既然。
●Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.
●Nowthatallairlinesofferdiscountprices,weshoulddothesame.
for--因为,for表示的原因是大家都知道的,语气很弱,不用于句首,常译成众所周知。
●Don’tbotherhimwithyoursillyquestionsanymoreforyouknowheisveryexhausted.
●Ihaveeveryreasontoblamehimforitisnotthefirsttimethatheislateforclass.
●If you fight for yourself, only you can win; when you fight for
yourmarriage(婚姻家),you both win.
如果你只为自己奋斗,只有你一个人是赢家;若为婚姻奋斗,夫妻两人都是赢家。
-----美国哲学家 保罗. P.
▲结果状语
引导结果状语的连词有:
so...that,sothat,such...that.
so...that--太...以至于so后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so,只用that。
●Boeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallit‘jetjumbo’.
●Theflightscheduledsoearlythatnobodywantedtobookonit.
sothat--因而,以便,为了有时so可以省去。
●CanyoumoveyourluggagealittlebitawaysothatIcanputmineintheoverheadbintoo?
●Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.
●When you are skinning your customers, you should leave some skin
on to grow sothat you can skin them again.
-------Nikita Khrushchev, Statesman of the former Soviet Union
如果你要剥客户的皮,你应当给他们留点皮,别剥光,让它长新皮,这样你下次还可以继续剥他们的皮。
--前苏联政治家 赫鲁晓夫. N.
such...that--太...以至于用法与so...that相同,但such后面应用名词。
●Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.
●TheCanadianAirline’shangarissuchahugebuildingthatitcanholdtwomedium-rangejetsatthesametime.
▲比较状语
引导比较状语的连词有:
as...as,notso(as)...as,...than,和themore...,themore....
as...as—像...一样
●Ifyoudon’twanttomisstheflight,youneedtobeattheairportasearlyaspossible.
●Mygrandmatoldmethathereyesightwasasgoodas10yearsbefore.
●Cultivation(学习)to the mind is as necessary as food for the
body.-----Cicero, ancient Roman statesman and orator
学习对于头脑,如同食物对于身体一样不可缺少。
---------------古罗马政治家、演说家 西塞罗
notso(as)...as--不像...
●Thejobisnotso(as)difficultasIthoughtitwouldbe.
●Theflightwasnotso(as)harmfulasthecaptainhadpredicted.
...than--比...怎么样用于事物间的比较,more后面用形容词或副词。
●Peoplebelievethatbeingastewardessisbetterthanmostoftheotherjobs.
●IpersonallythinkthattheAmericanmoviesaremoreinterestingthanChineseones.
●A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a beautiful
behavior(is) than a beautiful form.
--------Ralph Waldo Emerson, American thinker
美丽的体形胜过漂亮的脸蛋;美丽的行为胜过美丽的体形。
-------美国思想家 爱默生. R. W.
Themore...,themore...--越...越...
●Themore,thebetter.
●Themorehelistenedtothatsong,thelessheenjoyedit.
●The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is.
---------George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist
一个人感到羞耻的越多,他就越体面。
-英国剧作家 肖伯纳. G.
▲目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有:
sothat,inorderthat,incase,lest和forfearthat.
inorderthat--为了
●TheCaptainbriefedhiscrewinorderthateveryoneknewwhattododuringthelongflight.
●TheAirlineplannedtoofferdiscountfaresinorderthattheywouldhavesomebusinessinthelowseason.
incase—以防
●Pleasetakeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.
●Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.
lest—以防万一
●Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.
●Themanageroftheworkshopaskedhisstafftoworkovertimelesttheywouldn’tfinishthetaskontime.
注:
lest引导的从句用would,might表示虚拟。
forfearthat—以防万一,that可省略
●Theinstructoremphasizedontheissuethreetimesforfearthatthestudentsdidnotpayenoughattentiontotheproblem.
●ThePresidentoftheAirlineoftentalkedwithhisemployeesforfearthattheyarenotsatisfiedwithhispolicy.
▲让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有:
although,as,evenif,though,eventhough,however,nomatter,whatever,while和whether.
although,though--虽然although和
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