英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保技巧很有用及练习题.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保技巧很有用及练习题.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保技巧很有用及练习题
【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧(很有用)及练习题
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读理解
KaitlinWoolleyandAyeletFishbachreportinPsychologicalSciencethatamealtaken"family-style"fromacentralplatecangreatlyimprovetheoutcomeoflaternegotiations.
Havingconductedpreviousresearchin2017revealingthateatingsimilarfoodsledtopeoplefeelingemotionallyclosertooneanother,DrWoolleyandDrFishbachwonderedwhetherthewayinwhichfoodwasservedalsohadapsychologicaleffect.Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity(短缺)andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.
Forthefirsttesttheyrecruited100pairsofparticipantsfromalocalcafe,noneofwhomkneweachother.Theparticipantswereseatedatatableandfedtortillachipswithsalsa.Halfthepairsweregiventheirownbasketof20gramsofchipsandabowlof25gramsofsalsa,andhalfweregiven40gramsofchipsand50gramsofsalsatoshare.Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.
Thegameaskedtheparticipantstonegotiateanhourlywagerateduringafictionalstrike.Eachpersonwasrandomlyassignedtorepresenttheunionormanagementandfollowasetofrules.
Theresearchersmeasuredcooperationbynotingthenumberofroundsittooktoreachanagreement,andfoundthatthosewhosharedfoodresolvedthestrikesignificantlyfaster(in8.7rounds)thanthosewhodidnot(13.2rounds).Asimilarexperimentwasconductedwith104
participantsandGoldfishcrackers(饼干),thistimenegotiatinganairline'srouteprices.Theresultsweremuchthesame,withthefood-sharersnegotiatingsuccessfully63.3%ofthetimeandthosewhodidnotsharedoingso42.9%ofthetime.
(1)Whatdoesthe"family-style"mealinthereportreferto?
A. Amealtakenathome.
B. Amealsharedwithothers.
C. Amealconsumedbyoneself.
D. Amealtakeninafamilyatmosphere.
(2)Forwhatpurposedidtheresearcherscarryoutthepresentexperiments?
A. Toshowthewayfoodisserved.
B. Toprovesharingfoodincreasescompetition.
C. Toconfirmsharingfoodcanpromotecooperation.
D. Tofindoutwhethersharingfoodcangetpeoplecloseemotionally.
(3)Whywereparticipantsaskedtoeatupthesnackbeforethegame?
A. Toaddtotheirenergy.
B. Torewardthemfortheirparticipation.
C. Tohidetheintentionoftheexperiment.
D. Toavoidthedistractionduringthegame.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了外交宴席的心理学 ,研究表明,从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐,可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity(短缺)andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.”他们形成了一套理论,认为一方面,与他人一起吃饭可能表明粮食短缺,并加强了竞争的概念。
然而,他们还推断,这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求,从而推动合作性的行为。
可知family-style指的是与别人一起用餐,故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.” 然而,他们还推断,这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求,从而推动合作性的行为。
出于好奇心,他们做了一系列实验。
可知选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.”作为实验的掩护,所有受试者都得告在游戏开始前就要吃完这些零食。
可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit"brainfreeze".Inourforties,welaughitoffasa"seniormoment"andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful.Youthink,"AmIlosingit?
"Orworse,"IsthisasignofAlzheimer'sdisease(老年痴呆症)?
"
Well,don'tworry.Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease(AD).Theresearchersinanewstudyshowthatit'snotforgetfulnessbutnotbeingawarethatwe'reforgetfulthatweshouldfear.
TheresearchersbeganwiththeassumptionthatonecommonfeatureofAlzheimer'sdis-easeisadamagedawarenessofillness.Andtheywantedtoprovetheirtheorythatthelackofawarenesscanbeusedtopredictwhethersomeonewith"mildcognitive(认知的)damage"willprogresstofull-onAD.Forthestudy,"mildcognitivedamage"wasdefinedassomeonewhosementalstatewasconsideredhealthybutwhohadeithercomplainedofmemorylossorhadsufferedobjectivememoryloss.
Theresearchersusedexistingdatafor1,062peoplebetweentheagesof55and90thathadbeenrecordedovera12-yearperiod.Thedataincludedbrainscans,whichtheresearchersusedtolookforvisualsignsofreducedglucoseuptake(葡萄糖吸收).ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.Whattheresearchersalsodiscoveredwasthatglucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithmildcognitivedamagewhoalsoshowedevidenceofreducedillnessawareness.Finally,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadreducedillnessawarenessweremorelikelytodevelopADthanthosewithout.
(1)Whatcanbeimpliedfromparagraph1?
A. Peoplecanbeforgetfulatdifferentages.
B. Thememoryoftheyoungisbetterthantheold.
C. OldpeoplearemostafraidofgettingAlzheimer'sdisease.
D. It'sararephenomenonwhenyoungpeopleforgetsomething.
(2)Whatstatementdoestheresearchersinthenewstudyagreewith?
A. Beingawareallthetimeisafearfulthing.
B. IllnessawarenesshasnothingtodowithAlzheimer'sdisease.
C. Recognizingforgetfulnessdoesn'tmeandevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease.
D. RealizingforgetfulnessmustbeasignofdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease.
(3)WhatcanbeasignofdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease?
A. Realizingothers'forgetfulness.
B. Reduceduptakeofglucose.
C. Havinghigherintakeofglucose. D. Expectedincreaseinbrainfunction.
(4)Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A. Sciencefiction. B. Achemistrybook. C. Ascienceresearch. D. Ahealthbrochure.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症, 一项新的研究表明,不是遗忘,而是没有意识到我们的健忘让人们感到害怕。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“ Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit‘brainfreeze’Inourforties,welaughitoffasa‘seniormoment’andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful. ”在二十多岁的时候,当我们记不起邻居的猫的名字或是主演一部著名电影的英俊演员时,我们觉得很有趣。
在三十多岁的时候,我们开玩笑地称它为“大脑冻结”,在四十多岁的时候,我们把它当作“老年时期”来嘲笑,然后继续讲这些老年笑话。
但现实是,有这样的时候,健忘不再有趣,而且看起来有点可怕,可推知选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease(AD)”承认自己的健忘也许是一个很好的迹象,至少从你患老年痴呆症,的可能性来看,可知选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.”这是一个患有老年痴呆症降低了脑功能的客观标志。
正如所料,老年痴呆症患者的葡萄糖吸收降低,故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知,是一项科学研究,介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症, 故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Hackingisn'tjustforcomputersandsmartphones,AccordingtoastudypublishedlastweekinthejournalScience,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant'sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.
Photosynthesis(光合作用)isthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistswhoconductedthenewstudysaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergyavailabletotherm.Butbyhackingaplant'sgenes,thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.
"Specifically,scientistshackedtheplant'sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemisactivatedwhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight,"saidscientistKrishnaNiyogi,co-authorofthestudy.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itgetsridofextraenergyandcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff,buttheprocessisslow.
StephenLongistheleadauthorofthestudy.Hecomparedaplant'sprotectivesystemtolight-adjustingglasses.Whenapersonwearstheglassesoutsideduringtheday,thelenses(镜片)darkenandlightendependingonhowsunnyitis.Plantsdothesamething,hesaid.Butinplantstheadjustmentcantakeanywherefrom10minutestoanhour.Thismakesithardforplantstogettherightamountofsunlightneededtocreatefood.
Thenewstudyspeduptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant'sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthintwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobacc
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