洗衣粉去污力实验设计Washing powder detergency experimental design.docx
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洗衣粉去污力实验设计Washing powder detergency experimental design.docx
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洗衣粉去污力实验设计Washingpowderdetergencyexperimentaldesign
洗衣粉去污力实验设计(Washingpowder,detergency,experimentaldesign)
Atpresent,thereareavarietyofwashingpowderonthemarket,suchasTide,Omo,white,super,Diaopai,washingpowderinthemarketdizzying,howshouldwechoose,choosewhatbrand,whatbrandofwashingpowderforthebestcleaningeffectwestainsonclothing,wecangettheanswerfromthefollowingdesignin.
1kindsandcompositionofwashingpowder
1.1kindsofwashingpowder
Fromtheclassification,combinationofwashingpowdercanbedividedintosinglefromactivitytoavarietyofactivesubstance;fromasinglehighfoamtypetoalowbubble,atthesametime,inthelaundrypowdercanbeaddedtoavarietyofaccessoriestoformenzymepowder,concentratedpowder,sterilizingpowder,bleachingpowderandsoftantistaticpowderetc..
AccordingtotheMinistryoflightindustry"syntheticwashingpowder"standardrequirements,China'sproductionofwashingpowderisdividedintothreecategories,oneofwhichisthegeneraltype,thetwocategoryislowbubbletype,thethreecategoryisconcentratedtype.Theordinarytypeishighfoamtype,ordinarywashingpowder(A)particlesarelargeandloose,goodsolubility,foamisrich,butthedetergencyisrelativelyweak,noteasytorinse,generallysuitableforhandwashing;lowfoamcontainingpolyetherandsoapcomposition,highefficiencyandlessfoam,easytorinse,specialforwashingwashingmachine;concentratedinthewaterbyaddingasmallamountofwashingpowdercanplayagoodwashingeffect,butitspriceisrelativelyhigher.Concentratedwashingpowder(B),smallparticles,largedensity,lessfoam,butcleaningpowerisatleasttwotimestheordinarywashingpowder,easytoclean,savewater,generallysuitableforwashingmachine.Someconsumersmistakenlybelievethatthemorefoampowder,thebetter,infact,thenumberofbubblesanddecontaminationforceisnotdirectlylinked.Inaddition,washingpowdercanbedividedintobleaching,enzymeandYanYantype.Bleachingtypecontainingsodiumborateandsodiumphosphate,hasableachingeffect;enzymecontainingbiologicalcatalystcanbedecomposedonclothes,milk,bloodandsweat;brighteningtypecontainingfluorescentwhiteningagent,canwhiteningwhiteclothes,clothingcolorcanbebrightening.Accordingtothephosphoruscontentofwashingpowder,canbedividedintononphosphorusandphosphorusdetergent.
1.2ingredientsofwashingpowder
Washingpowderispowder(orgranular)detergent,isthemostcommonsyntheticdetergentinlife.Thedetergentisamixtureofsurfactantandpromoterthatismadefromathickslurryandthenspraydriedandagglomerated.Washingpowderbyvariouschemicalconstituents,playedamajorroleinthesurfactant,suchassodiumdodecylsulfate,sodiumsulfate,fattyalcohol,fattyalcoholpolyoxyethyleneether,ethyleneoxideandpropyleneoxidecopolymer.Variouschemicalspromoteeachother,makeupforeachother,andmakewashingdecontaminationmoreideal.Generaladditivesforwashingpowdercanbedividedintotwocategories:
inorganicsaltsandorganiccompounds.Themainchemicalcompositionoflaundrydetergentistwelvesodiumbenzenesulfonate.
Therearemanykindsofdetergentusedinwashingpowder,suchasheavymetalchelatingagent,antifoulingagent,antimoistureagent,enzymepreparation,whiteningagent,bleachingagent,solventandsoon.Acertainamountofenzymepreparationwasaddedintothedetergentpowder.Commonlyusedenzymepreparationshavethefollowingthreekinds:
(1)alkalineprotease.Itcaneffectivelyremovesweat,blood,milkandotherproteinfouling,itissuitableforpH=8-12,thetemperatureis30-60degreescentigrade;
(2)amylase,alsoknownassaccharifyingenzyme.Thebestwaytoremovestarchandsugarstains,itissuitableforpH=6-9.5,thetemperatureis20-70degreescentigrade;
(3)lipase.Cleargrease,dirteffectisobvious.
2cleaningprincipleofwashingpowder
Washingpowderismainlycomposedofsurfactantandwashingauxiliaries.Surfactantisacansignificantlyreducethesurfacetensionofsolvent(usuallywatersurfacetensionorliquid-liquidinterfacialtension),chemicalchangesystemstatesoastoproducesurfacewettinganddewetting,emulsificationanddemulsification,dispersionandcoagulation,foaminganddefoamingandsolubilizationandaseriesofaction.Thesurfactantactstoreducethesurfacetensionofthewaterandremovestainsfromtheclothes.Thefunctionofwashingauxiliariesistocombinecalciumandmagnesiumtopreventfoulingre-deposition,andatthesametimetoimprovethedetergencyofsurfactants.
Thesurfactantiscomposedoflipophilicnonpolargroupsoflipophilicandhydrophilicpolargroups,hydrophilic,lipophilicandthedirtontheclothes(withdirtgenerallydividedintooilsolubleandwatersolubleandinsolubleetc.),hydrophiliccombinationofdirtProbasebandoilbasecombinedwithwaterintothewater,soitiseasytogetridofthedirtontheclothes.Soitisbesttowashclotheswiththewashingpowderintothewashingpowderandclothesinthewateraftersoakingfortenminutes,twokindsofchemicalgroupsinthewashingpowderisfullydissolvedafterwashing,soitiseasiertowashoffthedirt.
Surfaceactiveagentsareclassifiedintohydrophilicgroups,anionicsurfactants,cationicsurfactants,amphotericsurfactantsandnonionicsurfactants.
Experimentaldesignschemeofdetergencyforwashingpowderin3cities
3.1experimentalpurposes
(1)throughtheexperiment,letthestudentsunderstandthedetergentdecontaminationability,reducetheuseofphosphoruswashingpowder,trytousenonphosphoruswashingpowder,therebyreducingsewagedischarge,protectourlivingenvironmentandimprovethestudents'awarenessofenvironmentalprotection;
(2)understandthewashingpowderondifferentfabricsofdifferentstainsofwashing,learnhowtoidentifyitsquality,improvethewashingeffect;
(3)cultivatestudents'hands-onabilityandimprovetheirscientificinquiryability.
3.2experimentalprinciple
Thesyntheticdetergentpowderismainlycomposedoftwokindsofanionicsurfactantandnon-ionicsurfactant.Theanionicsurfactantiscomposedoftwoparts,thelipophilicgroupandtheanionicgroup,asthehydrophilicgroup.Thereismainlysodiumalkylsulfonate(chemicalformulaisCnH2n+1SO3Na,nisabout14~18],andsodiumbenzenesulfonate[chemicalformulaisCnH2n+1]
SO3Na,n=10~14]andsodiumsulfateoffattyalcohol.Nonionicsurfactantinwaterdoesnotdissociateintoions,butalsohasthelipophilicandhydrophilicgroups,accordingtodifferentstructurecanbedividedintohydrophilicpolyethyleneglycol(R-O(CH2CH2O)nH)andpolyol(R-COOCH2C(CH2OH)3).Nonionicsurfactanthasgoodemulsifyingcapacityandsolubilizingcapacityforoilpollution.Whenusedincombinationwithanionicsurfactant,thecleaningcapacityofthesystemcanbegreatlyenhancedeveniftheamountofaddedisverylittle.
3.3experimentalsupplies
Cottonwhitecloth,polyestercottonwhitecloth,
Dacroncloth(alsoislighterthanthecolorofthecloth),variousbrandsofwashingpowder(canletthestudentscomesfromhome),carbonink,orange,tomato,soysauceandcookingoil;beaker,glassrod,thermometer,scales,dropper,timer,alcohollamp.
3.4experimentalsteps
Configurationof3.4.1stainsolution
(1)mixingsoysauceandedibleoilaccordingtothequalityof1:
1,thatis,oilstainliquid;
(2)thefreshorangeandtomato,choppedmash,filter,isfresh,OrangeJuiceTomatoJuice.
Manufactureofstainson3.4.2cloth
(1)takecotton(orpolyesterorpolyester)fabricwhitecloth,cutintoanumberofpiecesofclothofconsiderablesize;
(2)separatedby2cmdrop2dropswithagoodOrangeJuice,TomatoJuice,soysauce,edibleoil,mixedoilandsixcarboninkstainsrespectivelyinthestripsofclothtodry,andtheformationoforangestains,tomatosauce,edibleoilstains,oilstains,oilstainsandmixedinkstains.
3.4.3washingprocess
(1)name3Geachbrandoflaundrypowderineachbeakerof200mL;
(2)add150mLoftapwatertoeachbeaker,stirwithglassrodtodissolvethewashingpowdercompletely;
(3)putstainedclothandsoak10min.Stiritwithglassrodsatintervalsof1min,stirringatabout20seachtime,untilthespecifiedtimeisover;
(4)takeoutthecloth,cleanwithtapwatertwotimes,andobservetheeffectofcleaning;
(5)inthesameway,thewashingpowderhasanyimpactonthestainsdroppingtimelength,watertemperature,washingtimeandwashingpowderamountofdirtwashingeffect,andthencomparetheobtainedconclusion.
3.5experimentalphenomenaandrecords
3.5.1standardforevaluationofdetergencyoflaundrydetergent
Washingpowdercleaningpowerreferstoacertainconcentrationofwashingpowderoncarbonblack,greasycloth,proteinclothandsebumdecontaminationcapacity.
Detergencyeffectcanbesettofivegrades,1,2,3,4and5,respectively.1fortheworstdecontamination,5forthebestdecontamination,3forthemedium,2,4ofthedecontaminationpower,respectively,between1and3,3and5between.Variousbrandsofdetergentonthesixstainsdecontaminationeffectscores(decontaminationvalue)addup,thehighestscore,thatis,thebestdecontamination.Foreachbrandofwashingpowderdecontaminationeffect(decontaminationefficiency)observation,itisbettertojudgemorethanthreepeople,taketheaverage.Inthisway,wemeasurethecomprehensivedecontaminationabilityoflaundrydetergentagainstvariousstains.Ifwelookatvariousbrandsoflaundrydetergentondifferentstainsofdecontaminationvalue,youcancomparedifferentbrandsofwa
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