计科专业毕业设计外文文献翻译SQL.docx

计科专业毕业设计外文文献翻译SQL.docx

《计科专业毕业设计外文文献翻译SQL.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《计科专业毕业设计外文文献翻译SQL.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

计科专业毕业设计外文文献翻译SQL

毕业设计（论文）

外文文献翻译

专业

理学院

学生姓名

班级

计科092

学号

200901051

指导教师

英文原文

IntroductiontoDataMining

Abstract:

Microsoft®SQLServer™2005providesanintegratedenvironmentforcreatingandworkingwithdataminingmodels.This tutorialusesfourscenarios,targeted mailing, forecasting, market basket,and sequence clustering,todemonstratehowtousetheminingmodelalgorithms,miningmodelviewers,anddataminingtools thatareincludedinthisreleaseofSQLServer.

Introduction

ThedataminingtutorialisdesignedtowalkyouthroughtheprocessofcreatingdataminingmodelsinMicrosoftSQLServer2005.ThedataminingalgorithmsandtoolsinSQLServer2005makeiteasytobuildacomprehensivesolutionforavarietyofprojects,includingmarketbasketanalysis,forecastinganalysis,andtargetedmailinganalysis.Thescenariosforthesesolutionsareexplainedingreaterdetaillaterinthetutorial.

ThemostvisiblecomponentsinSQLServer2005aretheworkspacesthatyouusetocreateandworkwithdataminingmodels.Theonlineanalyticalprocessing（OLAP）anddataminingtoolsareconsolidatedintotwoworkingenvironments:

BusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudioandSQLServerManagementStudio.UsingBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudio,youcandevelopanAnalysisServicesprojectdisconnectedfromtheserver.Whentheprojectisready,youcandeployittotheserver.Youcanalsoworkdirectlyagainsttheserver.ThemainfunctionofSQLServerManagementStudioistomanagetheserver.Eachenvironmentisdescribedinmoredetaillaterinthisintroduction.Formoreinformationonchoosingbetweenthetwoenvironments,see"ChoosingBetweenSQLServerManagementStudioandBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudio"inSQLServerBooksOnline.

Allofthedataminingtoolsexistinthedataminingeditor.Usingtheeditoryoucanmanageminingmodels,createnewmodels,viewmodels,comparemodels,andcreatepredictionsbasedonexistingmodels.

Afteryoubuildaminingmodel,youwillwanttoexploreit,lookingforinterestingpatternsandrules.Eachminingmodelviewerintheeditoriscustomizedtoexploremodelsbuiltwithaspecificalgorithm.Formoreinformationabouttheviewers,see"ViewingaDataMiningModel"inSQLServerBooksOnline.

Oftenyourprojectwillcontainseveralminingmodels,sobeforeyoucanuseamodeltocreatepredictions,youneedtobeabletodeterminewhichmodelisthemostaccurate.Forthisreason,theeditorcontainsamodelcomparisontoolcalledtheMiningAccuracyCharttab.Usingthistoolyoucancomparethepredictiveaccuracyofyourmodelsanddeterminethebestmodel.

Tocreatepredictions,youwillusetheDataMiningExtensions（DMX）language.DMXextendsSQL,containingcommandstocreate,modify,andpredictagainstminingmodels.FormoreinformationaboutDMX,see"DataMiningExtensions（DMX）Reference"inSQLServerBooksOnline.Becausecreatingapredictioncanbecomplicated,thedataminingeditorcontainsatoolcalledPredictionQueryBuilder,whichallowsyoutobuildqueriesusingagraphicalinterface.YoucanalsoviewtheDMXcodethatisgeneratedbythequerybuilder.

Justasimportantasthetoolsthatyouusetoworkwithandcreatedataminingmodelsarethemechanicsbywhichtheyarecreated.Thekeytocreatingaminingmodelisthedataminingalgorithm.Thealgorithmfindspatternsinthedatathatyoupassit,andittranslatesthemintoaminingmodel—itistheenginebehindtheprocess.

Someofthemostimportantstepsincreatingadataminingsolutionareconsolidating,cleaning,andpreparingthedatatobeusedtocreatetheminingmodels.SQLServer2005includestheDataTransformationServices（DTS）workingenvironment,whichcontainstoolsthatyoucanusetoclean,validate,andprepareyourdata.FormoreinformationonusingDTSinconjunctionwithadataminingsolution,see"DTSDataMiningTasksandTransformations"inSQLServerBooksOnline.

InordertodemonstratetheSQLServerdataminingfeatures,thistutorialusesanewsampledatabasecalledAdventureWorksDW.ThedatabaseisincludedwithSQLServer2005,anditsupportsOLAPanddataminingfunctionality.Inordertomakethesampledatabaseavailable,youneedtoselectthesampledatabaseattheinstallationtimeinthe“Advanced”dialogforcomponentselection.

AdventureWorks

AdventureWorksDWisbasedonafictionalbicyclemanufacturingcompanynamedAdventureWorksCycles.AdventureWorksproducesanddistributesmetalandcompositebicyclestoNorthAmerican,European,andAsiancommercialmarkets.ThebaseofoperationsislocatedinBothell,Washingtonwith500employees,andseveralregionalsalesteamsarelocatedthroughouttheirmarketbase.

AdventureWorkssellsproductswholesaletospecialtyshopsandtoindividualsthroughtheInternet.Forthedataminingexercises,youwillworkwiththeAdventureWorksDWInternetsalestables,whichcontainrealisticpatternsthatworkwellfordataminingexercises.

FormoreinformationonAdventureWorksCyclessee"SampleDatabasesandBusinessScenarios"inSQLServerBooksOnline.

DatabaseDetails

TheInternetsalesschemacontainsinformationabout9,242customers.Thesecustomersliveinsixcountries,whicharecombinedintothreeregions:

NorthAmerica（83%）

Europe（12%）

Australia（7%）

Thedatabasecontainsdataforthreefiscalyears:

2002,2003,and2004.

Theproductsinthedatabasearebrokendownbysubcategory,model,andproduct.

BusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudio

BusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudioisasetoftoolsdesignedforcreatingbusinessintelligenceprojects.BecauseBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudiowascreatedasanIDEenvironmentinwhichyoucancreateacompletesolution,youworkdisconnectedfromtheserver.Youcanchangeyourdataminingobjectsasmuchasyouwant,butthechangesarenotreflectedontheserveruntilafteryoudeploytheproject.

WorkinginanIDEisbeneficialforthefollowingreasons:

TheAnalysisServicesprojectistheentrypointforabusinessintelligencesolution.AnAnalysisServicesprojectencapsulatesminingmodelsandOLAPcubes,alongwithsupplementalobjectsthatmakeuptheAnalysisServicesdatabase.FromBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudio,youcancreateandeditAnalysisServicesobjectswithinaprojectanddeploytheprojecttotheappropriateAnalysisServicesserverorservers.

IfyouareworkingwithanexistingAnalysisServicesproject,youcanalsouseBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudiotoworkconnectedtheserver.Inthisway,changesarereflecteddirectlyontheserverwithouthavingtodeploythesolution.

SQLServerManagementStudio

SQLServerManagementStudioisacollectionofadministrativeandscriptingtoolsforworkingwithMicrosoftSQLServercomponents.ThisworkspacediffersfromBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudiointhatyouareworkinginaconnectedenvironmentwhereactionsarepropagatedtotheserverassoonasyousaveyourwork.

Afterthedatahasbeencleanedandpreparedfordatamining,mostofthetasksassociatedwithcreatingadataminingsolutionareperformedwithinBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudio.UsingtheBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudiotools,youdevelopandtestthedataminingsolution,usinganiterativeprocesstodeterminewhichmodelsworkbestforagivensituation.Whenthedeveloperissatisfiedwiththesolution,itisdeployedtoanAnalysisServicesserver.Fromthispoint,thefocusshiftsfromdevelopmenttomaintenanceanduse,andthusSQLServerManagementStudio.UsingSQLServerManagementStudio,youcanadministeryourdatabaseandperformsomeofthesamefunctionsasinBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudio,suchasviewing,andcreatingpredictionsfromminingmodels.

DataTransformationServices

DataTransformationServices（DTS）comprisestheExtract,Transform,andLoad（ETL）toolsinSQLServer2005.Thesetoolscanbeusedtoperformsomeofthemostimportanttasksindatamining:

cleaningandpreparingthedataformodelcreation.Indatamining,youtypicallyperformrepetitivedatatransformationstocleanthedatabeforeusingthedatatotrainaminingmodel.UsingthetasksandtransformationsinDTS,youcancombinedatapreparationandmodelcreationintoasingleDTSpackage.

DTSalsoprovidesDTSDesignertohelpyoueasilybuildandrunpackagescontainingallofthetasksandtransformations.UsingDTSDesigner,youcandeploythepackagestoaserverandrunthemonaregularlyscheduledbasis.Thisisusefulif,forexample,youcollectdataweeklydataandwanttoperformthesamecleaningtransformationseachtimeinanautomatedfashion.

YoucanworkwithaDataTransformationprojectandanAnalysisServicesprojecttogetheraspartofabusinessintelligencesolution,byaddingeachprojecttoasolutioninBusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudio.

MiningModelAlgorithms

Dataminingalgorithmsarethefoundationfromwhichminingmodelsarecreated.ThevarietyofalgorithmsincludedinSQLServer2005allowsyoutoperformmanytypesofanalysis.Formorespecificinformationaboutthealgorithmsandhowtheycanbeadjustedusingparameters,see"DataMiningAlgorithms"inSQLServerBooksOnline.

MicrosoftDecisionTrees

TheMicrosoftDecisionTreesalgorithmsupportsbothclassificationandregressionanditworkswellforpredictivemodeling.Usingthealgorithm,youcanpredictbothdiscreteandcontinuousattributes.

Inbuildingamodel,thealgorithmexamineshoweachinputattributeinthedatasetaffectstheresultofthepredictedattribute,andthenitusestheinputattributeswiththestrongestrelationshiptocreateaseriesofsplits,callednodes