届上海师大附中高三上学期开学考试英语试题.docx
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届上海师大附中高三上学期开学考试英语试题.docx
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届上海师大附中高三上学期开学考试英语试题
2017-2018学年
髙三英语试题
(试卷满分140分,考试时间120分钟)
I.ListeningComprehension(25’)
II.Grammarandvocabulary(20’)
SectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
Youknowthatbusinessofbusinessismakingmoney.Whatyoumaynotrealizeis:
21simplethatbusinessis.Youneedtwofundamentalingredients—-agoodproductthatcustomerswanttoown,andbright,charismaticpeoplewhowill22sellitand,ifnecessary,defendit.Andofthetwo23(desire)productandcompetentpeople—goodpeopleare,inthelongrun,moreimportantthangoodproducts.
Youcan'texpecttoproduceonepopularproductafteranother.Youcan,however,coveryourbetsbystaffingyourenterprisewithsuperbemployeeswhowillcontinuetoreflectthecompany’sstrengths2424theproductsareweak.Itisyourresponsibilitytokeepthoseemployees25(perform)aswellastheycan.Theywon’tremainsuperb26reliableleadershipand,infact,thereisaperfecttimetoaddressthisissue.Mostsuccessfulcompanieshaveadefiningmoment27profitsareskyrocketing,andbusiness28notbebetter.Thatispreciselythetimetolookcloselyatyourcustomerservice.Thatyouareearningmoremoneythaneverbefore29(indicate)yourproductisterrific,butitdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthesameaboutyourcustomerservice.Itistheidealtimetoexamineyourreputationandexpandthesuccessyouearningfromyourproducttoincludecustomerservice.
Everybusinesswantstobeknownforitscustomerservice.AlthoughevenaslowbutsteadygiantsuchasRadioShackCorporationwilloftencomeupwithahotproduct,itisitscustomerservice30keepsitinbusinessyearafteryear.
SectionB
Directions:
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.doubleB.intenseC.pressuresD.stockE.agricultureF.trapped
G.withdrawalH.availabilityI.driveJ.expandingK.rising
Throughouthistory,peoplehavefoughtbitterwarsoverpoliticalideology,nationalsovereigntyandreligiousexpression.Howmuchmore31willtheseconflictsbewhenpeoplefightovertheEarth’smostindispensableresourcewater?
Wemayfindoutinthenot-too-distantfutureifprojectionsaboutthe32ofwaterintheMiddleEastandotherregionsprovecorrect.Lessthanthreepercentoftheplanet’s33isfreshwater,andalmosttwo-thirdsofthisamountis34inicecaps,glaciers,andundergroundaquiferstoodeeportooremotetoaccess.Inherbook,PillarsofSand-CantheIrrigationMiracleLast,SandraPosteloutlinesthreeforcesthat35tensionandconflictoverfreshwater:
Usingupthewater“resourcepie”.InIndia,theworld’ssecond-mostpopulousnation,withover1billioninhabitants,therateofgroundwater36istwicethatofrecharge,adeficithigherthaninanyothercountry.Althoughwaterisarenewableresource,itisnota(n)37one.Thefreshwateravailabletodayformorethan6billionpeopleisnogreaterthanitwas2,000yearsago,whenglobalpopulationwasapproximately200million.(ThecurrentU.S.populationis287million.)
Global38accountsforabout70%ofallfreshwateruse.Infiveoftheworld'smostwater-stressed,controversialareastheAralSearegion,theGanges,theJordan,theNilelandandTigris-Euphratespopulationincreasesofupto75%areprojectedby2025.Withthefastestrateofgrowthintheworld,thepopulationofPalestinianterritorywillmorethan39overthenextgeneration.Mostexpertsagreethat,becauseofgeography,population40andpolitics,waterwarsaremostlikelytobreakoutintheMiddleEast,aregionwheretheamountofavailablefreshwaterpercapitawilldecreasebyabout50%overthenextgeneration.
III.ReadingComprehension(45’)
SectionA
Directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Inanidealworld,peoplewouldnotperformexperimentsonanimals.Forthepeople,theyareexpensive.Fortheanimals,theyarestressfulandoftenpainful.Thatidealworld,41,isstillsomewayaway.Peopleneednewdrugsandvaccines.Theywant42fromthetoxicity(毒性)ofchemicals.Thesearchforbasicscientificanswersgoeson.43theEuropeanCommissionismovingaheadwithproposalsthatwill44thenumberofanimalexperimentscarriedoutintheEuropeanUnion,byrequiringtoxicitytestsoneverychemical45forusewithintheunion'sbordersinthepast25years.
Already,thecommissionhas46140,000chemicalsthathavenotyetbeentested.Itwants30,000ofthesetobeexaminedrightaway,andplanstospendbetween$4billion-$8billiondoingso.ThenumberofanimalsusedfortoxicitytestinginEuropewillthus,expertsreckon,quintuple(翻五倍)fromjustover1millionayeartoabout5,unlesstheyaresavedbysomedramatic47innon-animaltestingtechnology.Animalexperimentationwillthereforebearoundforsometimeyet.Butthesearchforsubstitutescontinues.
Agoodplacetostartfinding48fortoxicitytestsistheliver—theorganresponsibleforbreakingtoxicchemicalsdownintosafermoleculesthatcanthenbeeliminatedfrombody.Twofirms,onelargeandonesmall,toldthemeetinghowtheywereusinghumanlivercellsremovedincidentallyduringsurgerytotestvarioussubstancesforlong-termtoxiceffects.
PrimeCyte,thesmallfirm,growsitscellsincultures(士音养基)overafewweeksanddosesthemregularlywiththesubstanceunder49.Thecharacteristicsofthecellsarecarefully50,tolookforchangesintheirmicroanatomy(组织学).Pfizer,thebigfirm,alsodosesitsculturesregularly,butratherthanstudying51cellsindetail,itcountscellnumbers.Ifthenumberofcellsinaculturechangesafterasampleisadded,thatsuggeststhechemical52isbadfortheliver.
Othertissues,too,canbetested53ofanimals.Epithelix,asmallfirminGeneva,hasdevelopedan54versionoftheliningofthelungs.AccordingtoHuangSong,oneofEpithelix'sresearchers,thefirm'sculturedcellshavesimilarmicroanatomytothosefoundinnaturallunglinings,and55inthesamewaytovariouschemicalmessengers.Dr.Huangsaysthattheycouldbeusedinlong-termtoxicitytestsofairbornechemicalsandcouldalsohelpidentifytreatmentsforlungdiseases.
Allthissuggeststhatthoughthereisstillsomewaytogobeforedrugs,vaccinesandothersubstancescanbetestedroutinelyoncellsratherthanliveanimals,usefulprogressisbeingmade.
41.
A.fortunately
B.sadly
C.ironically
D.technically
42.
A.protection
B,identification
C.isolation
D.
interacton
43.
A.However
B.Indeed
C.Instead
D.Furthermore
44.
A,increase
B.decrease
C.prohibit
D.
specify
45.
A.tested
B.created
C.assessed
D.
approved
46.
A.outlined
B.imposed
C.identified
D.
released
47.
A.diagnoses
B.advances
C.proofs
D.
appearances
48.
A.alternatives
B.breakthroughs
C.possibilites
D.
implications
49.
A.suspicion
B.control
C.way
D.
investigation
50.
A.monitored
B.studied
Canalyzed
D.
classified
51.
A.relevant
B.numorous
C.individual
D.
measurable
52.
A.inquestion
B.inprinciple
C.inpractice
D.
inreality
53.
A.successfully
B.independently
C.occassionally
D.
collectively
54.
A.useful,
B.constant
C.mature
D.
artificial
55.
A.operate
B.function
C.respond
D.
enhance
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
(A)
Personalitymayplayonlyasmallpartinleadershipeffectivenessbutthereisnodoubtthatsomeleadershaveacertainmagicthatleavespeersenviousandfollowersentranced.IfyoucouldbottlethisleadershipX-factor—charisma-thequeueofinterestedexecutiveswouldbealong-one.Butwhatqualitiescantheseoftenhighlysuccessfulleadersbesaidtopossess?
Asindividuals,charismaticleadershavehighlydevelopedcommunicationskills,includingtheabilitytoconveyemotionseasilyandnaturallytoothers,saysRonaldRiggio,professorofleadershipandorganizationalpsychology.“Theyareabletoinspireandarousetheemotionsoffollowersthroughtheiremotionalexpressivenessandverbalskills.”
“They,connectwithfollowersbecausetheyseemtotrulyunderstandothers'feelingsandconcerns.”
“Andtheyaregreatrolemodelsbecausetheyhavetheabilitytoengageotherssociallyanddisplayappropriaterole-playingskillsthatallowthemtowalkthetalk,”ProfessorRiggiosays.
“Onequalitywelikeinourleadersisiftheyareseentoreallyrepresentus.Wethinksomeoneismorecharismatic,themoretheyrepresentourcollectiveidentity,”ProfessorVanKnippenbergsays.Inthisway,acharismaticleaderissomehowalarger-than-lifeversionofourselves.
Academicssaythatcharismaticleadersalsomanagetostandoutfromthecrowd.Theymightdothisbybeingunconventionalorbytakingadifferentapproachtoproblem-solving,forexample.
“Theyareupfornewthings,andtheyarenotstuckinthestatusquo.Theyareopen-toout-of-the-boxthinldng,etc.Anoptimistic,energeticqualityhelpsustoseeleadershipqualitiesinthemandmakesusopentotheirinfluence,”hesays...
“Alotofc
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