Analysis of Santiago in the Old Man and the Sea 《老人与海》中圣地亚哥形象分析.docx

Analysis of Santiago in the Old Man and the Sea 《老人与海》中圣地亚哥形象分析.docx

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AnalysisofSantiagointheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》中圣地亚哥形象分析

AnalysisofSantiagointheOldManandtheSea

Abstract:

TheOldManandtheSea，oneofErnestHemingway’smostfamouswork,waspublishedin1952.CriticspraisethatthenovelisHemingway’slastmajorworkoffiction,andhewon1953’sPulitzerPrizeforFictionandAwardofMeritMedalfromtheAmericanAcademyofLetters.[1]Itisashortnovel，afableofakind，aboutankindCubanfishermanSantiagoandhisbattlewithagreatmailin。

For84days，Santiagodoesnotcatchasinglefishbuthedoesnotfeeldiscouraged，Hegoesfaroutintotheseaandhehooksagiantmarlin.Adesperatestruggleensues.Santiagomanagestokillthefishandtiesittohisboat,onlytofindthatonthewayhomehehastofightamoredesperatestrugglewithsomedangerousgiantsharks,whicheatupthemarlin,leavingonlyaskeleton.Theoldmanbringsithomeandgoestobedtodream,almostdeadwitnexhaustion.[2]

KeyWords:

background;struggle;graceunderpressure;symbolism

《老人与海》中圣地亚哥形象分析

摘要：

《老人与海》是海明威最著名的作品之一，发表于1952年。

很多评论家认为这是海明威最后一部主要的小说作品，凭此书他获得了普利策奖以及美国艺术与文学学院长篇小说奖。

这是一部寓言类中篇小说。

内容是关于年迈的古巴渔民桑提亚哥和他与大马林鱼之间抗争的故事。

在连续84天毫无所获时，桑提亚哥试图杀掉这条鱼并把它绑在船上，从而展开了一系列的殊死搏斗。

而在回家途中，桑提亚哥却不得不面对更凶猛的鲨鱼的袭击，鲨鱼吃掉了马林鱼，只留下衣服鱼骨架。

老人将骨架带回家，几乎奄奄一息，他上了床，很快就进入了梦乡。

关键词：

背景，奋斗，压力下的优雅，象征

Contents

AnalysisofSantiagointheOldManandtheSea

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1Totalbackground

TheOldManandtheSeaisafableofanoldman’slifewhichwastoldbyHemingway.

HemingwayisafamousAmericanwriterofmoderntimes.Heisalsoaninternationalliterarycelebrityintheworld.Hisfatherwasaprominentdoctor,andalsoadabatfishingandhunting.Theinfluenceofhisfathermadehimfulloflovewithfishingandhunting.Hislifewasactiveandadventurous,butitwasfullofpains.TheFirstandtheSecondWorldWarshadaffectedHemingwayalot,hehadoncejoinedthearmyandhadinjuredinItaly,andhesufferedmuchthatwasbroughtaboutbythewardeeply.Hewasdisappointedwiththeworldandpessimisticaboutthefateoftheman.Inhisearlydays’novel,TheSunalsoRrisesdepictsthewar,describingthebewildermentoftheEuropeanandAmericanyoungpeople,thenhewaslookdownuponbysomeonearoundhimandsomewriters.“Youareallthegenerationthathasbeenataloss.”So,seekingwayoutandseekingtheunderstandingoflifeisthethemethatHemingwaywantedtoexplore.Hewasanunyieldingman,soheportrayedthedistinctiveindividualcharacterof“thecharacterofunyieldingman”.FromalltheworksofHemingway’s,wecanfindthatwhenHemingwaychosepersonage,heespeciallylikedtochoosebeggar,hunter,soliderandsoon,theycouldprotecttheirdignitybyresistingwiththeworldwhichisfullofhostility,theymaintainagracefuldemeanourundergreatforce,butontarget.Thecharactersoftheprotagonistaredifferentfromthatoftheearlydays’novel.Asamouthpieceof“thelostgeneration”,Hemingwaysufferedcoldshoulderandattackalmosttenyearsinthecommentaryfield.Inordertosavethedesperatesituation,Hemingwaywroteawork,theOldManandtheSea,thathefirmlybelievestobethebestworksinhislife.ThecharactersofSantiago,inTheOldManandtheSea,showshisinwardworld---hewasanunyieldingman,andhadthedesiretobethebestoneintheworld,allthesecanbeimprovedbytheprotagonistwhoissufferingbutstrong-minded.

1.2BackgroundoftheOldManandtheSea

Between1940and1950，Hemingwaywassilentfromaliterarypointofview.Duringthisperiod,hehadwrittenoneworknamedAcrosstheRiverandintotheTrees.Itwassuchapoorperformancethatcriticsallagreedthathehadrunoutofhisintelligenceinliterary.Buthedidnotlosehishopeandcontinuewithhiscareer.FinallytheOldManandtheSeacomedupwithstorm.Hemingwaynevergiveduptoseachforhistreasureintheworldandfindeditintheendbecauseheknowedtheworldwhichwasjustliketheseaandfullofdreamandnightmare.Healsoknowstheworldisfairjustlikethesea.Ifheinsistedofwhathethinksistrue,hewillfindwhathewantsandwinprizefromtheworld.

Thenovel,theOldManandtheSea,isbasedonatruestorywrittenbyHemingway.AfterWorldWarII,HemingwaymovedtoCuba,toknowelderlyfishermanGregorioFuentes.In1930,ErnestHemingwaybyashipinthestormwasindanger.FuentesrescuedHemingwayfromdanger.Sincethen,HemingwayandFuentesforgedaprofoundfriendshipoftenwiththeseafishing.In1936,Fuentes,veryfarouttoseatocatchabigfish,butbecausethefishistoolargedelayforaverylongtimeatsea,resultinginReturnJourneywasattackedbyasharkhadreturnedonlyaskeleton.ErnestHemingwayinthe"classic"magazinepublishedanewsletter"inthebluesea,"andreportedthematter.AtthattimethismattermadeHemingwaydeeplytouched,andheawaredthatitisagoodnovelmaterial,buthaveneverhadtheopportunitytostartwritingit.ShortlyafterChristmasin1950,Hemingwayhadaverystrongcreativedesire.AtavillaintheoutskirtsofHavana,Cuba,an"observationSociety",hebegantostartwriting"Hits"（originallycalled"existingsea"）.ToFebruary23,1951hecompletedthefirstdraftinjusteightweeksbeforeandafter.AprilHemingwaysentthemanuscripttogotoCubatovisithisfriendscirculatedthepeople,winningaunanimouspraise.Hemingwayalsothinksthatthisishisbestnoveljustashehimselfsaid"thisisalifetimeworkofthebestwrittenwork."

ChapterTwoAnalysisofSantiago’sCharacters

TheOldManandtheSeaisoneofthebestworksofErnestHemingwayanditisdifferentfronmhisotherworks,Thisliesin:

Hemingwaynotonlydepictstheimageofunyieldingman,butalsoeulogizestheeternalvalueofhumanbeings“Manisnotmadefordefeat.Mancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated”[3]

Santiago’sresolutecharactersandexquisitefishingskillssuggestthatheisnotonlyatoughguybutalsorepresentsloftyideasthatisaneternalvalueinliferiver.AlifestatewithdifferentaspectscanbeseenfromSantiago,suchaspride,brave,optimistic,lonelyandintelligenct.

TheOldManandtheSeaisawarfarebetweenstrongdeterminationandtheviciousenemy.ThisworkisaboutanoldfishermannamedSantiagowhoovercomesthegreatforcesofnature.Hedoesnotcatchesasinglefishforeighty-fourdays,whatisworse,thechildwhohascatchfishwithhimalsoleaveshim.Lonesomeishisonlyfriendsaswellasenemy.Buthestillkeepsontryingwithoutbeingdespired.Hegoesfaroutintotheseaandcatchesahugemarlinafterthreedays’patientstruggle.Whenapersonwaitsforsomethingtoilsomelyandwhenhehasanopportunitytogetit，hewilltreasurethechancecarefullyandmakemindtorealizeit.Itisthepillarofhisspirit,andonlybymakingitbecometruecanhecontinuehislife.Fromfightingwiththehugemarlintodrivingawaythefierceshark,thefightingprocessisalwaysinthestateofbearingtheoutsideattackswithonlyoneperson.Itisonlywhentheconditionissobadcanshowaperson’sskilloftolerance.Eventhoughheissotired,hebringsthebigskeletonofthefishbacktothebank.“Hesawthewhitenakedlineofhisbackboneandthedarkmassoftheheadwiththeprojectingbillandallthenakednessbetween.”[4]Maybe,Santiagogetsnothing,buthehastastedthevictoryinfightingprocess.Thetoughguyimageoftheoldfishermanismoreobviousandoutstanding.ThisimagerepresentsHemingway’spersonalidealvaluesaswellasasymboltofightingwithnature.Ontheotherhand,itslsorepresentsaspiritthatisstruggle,pride,nevergivingup,confidenceandgraceunderpressure.

ChapterThreeSruggleBravelyandPrideRegardlessofDefeatorDeath

Atthebeginningofthenovel,Santiagoischaracterizedassomeonestrugglingagainstdefeat.Hehasgoneeighty-fourdayswithoutcatchingafish—hewillsoonpasshisownrecordofeighty-sevendays.AlmostasareminderofSantiago’sstruggle,thesailofhisskiffresembles“theflagofpermanentdefeat.”Buttheoldmanrefusesdefeatateveryturn:

heresolvestosailoutbeyondtheotherfishermentowherethebiggestfishpromisetobe.Helandsthemarlin,tyinghisrecordofeighty-sevendaysafterabrutalthree-dayfight,andhecontinuestowardoffsharksfromstealinghisprey,eventhoughheknowsthebattleisuseless.BecauseSantiagoispittedagainstthecreaturesofthesea,somereaderschoosetoviewthetaleasachronicleofman’sbattleagainstthenaturalworld,butthenovellais,moreaccurately,thestoryofman’splacewithinnature.Santiagodisplaysqualitiesofpride,confidence,andbravery,andheissubjecttothesameeternallaw:

theymustkillorbekilled.AsSantiagoreflectswhenhewatchesthewearywarblerflytowardshore,whereitwillinevitablymeetthehawk,theworldisfilledwithpredators,andnolivingthingcanescapetheinevitablestrugglethatwillleadtoitsdeath.Santiagolivesaccordingtohisownobservation:

“manisnotmadefordefeat.Mancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.”[5]InHemingway’sportraitoftheworld,fightingwithrivalisinevitable,butthebestmenaswellasanimalswillnonethelessrefusetogiveintoitspower.Accordingly,manandfishwillstruggletothedeath,justashungrysharkswilllaywastetoanoldman’strophycatch.

Thenovelsuggeststhatitispossibletotranscendthisnaturallaw.Infact,theveryinevitabilityofdestructioncreatesthetermsthatallowaworthymanorbeasttotranscendit.Itispreciselythroughtheefforttobattletheinevitablethatamancanprovehimself.Indeed,amancanprovethisdeterminationoverandoverthroughtheworthinessoftheopponentshechoosestoface.Santiago