最新高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 阅读理解 第Ⅱ题 专题一 事实细节类题目.docx
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最新高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 阅读理解 第Ⅱ题 专题一 事实细节类题目.docx
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最新高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习阅读理解第Ⅱ题专题一事实细节类题目
第Ⅱ题 阅读理解
专题一 事实细节类题目
[命题特点]
针对原文具体叙述本身设问,可以直接或间接的从文中找到答案,常以who,which,what,where等设问。
[考查重点]
(1)直接理解题(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。
(2)语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。
[方法技巧]
1.查读法
(1)速读全文,明确段落中心句,掌握大意。
(2)按文章体裁、作者组材方式寻找关键信息词。
(3)找到细节,认真推敲甚至计算等。
2.按组材模式阅读(常见模式)
(1)列举型:
抓住作者所举事例。
(2)时间、空间型:
掌握具体的时间、地点。
(3)分类、例证型:
掌握例证的事实细节,以便得到答案。
(4)程序型:
理清说明事物的顺序,从而得出答案。
(5)因果分析型:
理清因果关系,从而推出答案。
(6)比较、对比型:
通过比较,对比事实细节,找到答案。
(7)留意不含阿拉伯数字,但代表时间或数量的单词。
如:
atdawn(黎明时),score(20),fortnight(14days),century(100years),quarter(
/15minutes),decade(10years),aseason(3months),week(7days),couple(2个),double/doubled(翻倍),multiplied(乘),bedivided(除以),average(平均),sum(求和),inall(总共)。
Passage1
Lastnight'smeteor(流星)showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschild,EmeraldValley'smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.
“Myfamilywassofrustrated,”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby.“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”
Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.
Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(迁徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation,“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”
Countlessmoreanimalcasualties(伤亡)resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans,too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson'schancesofgettingcancer.
EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普文,主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。
在Flagstaff,Arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。
1.Ithappenedlastnightthat________.
A.thecity'slightsaffectedthemeteorwatching
B.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticed
C.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeople
D.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting
解析:
根据第一段最后一句“...sobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.”可知,昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮,影响了人们观看流星。
故选A。
答案:
A
2.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?
A.Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.
B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.
C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.
D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.
解析:
根据第三段“...havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfrom...”可知,天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。
故选C。
答案:
C
3.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?
A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.
B.Animals'livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.
C.Varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduced.
D.Animals'survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.
解析:
根据第四段第一、二句“...thatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.”以及本段最后一句“...‘100millionbirdsayearthroughout...dieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.’”可知,作者第四段主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响,甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。
故选D。
答案:
D
4.LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto________.
A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancer
B.createanidealobservationcondition
C.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnight
D.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony
解析:
根据第六段第二句“...hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersat...”可知,这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。
故选B。
答案:
B
5.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?
A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.
B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.
C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentally
friendly.
D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.
解析:
根据整篇文章的叙述,作者主要描述了城市的光污染对人们生活、工作以及动物的生存造成的影响,因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。
故选C。
答案:
C
Passage2
Studyingvolcanoesisademandingprofession.HazelRymerfrequentlyhastostrugglethroughrainforests,climbtothetopofmountains,thenclimb200metresintothecraterofactivevolcanoes.Butthe38-year-oldvolcanologistdoesherbesttomakeitsoundlessalarmingthanitis.“Drivingtoworkismorerisky,”sheinsists.“AndthedeepestIgointothecraterofavolcanoisabout300metres,”sheadds,tryingtomakeitallsoundasordinaryastakingthedogforawalk.
Hazelhasbeenstudyingvolcanoesforalongtime,soit'snotsurprisingsheisusedtothedanger.Herinterestinvolcanoesbeganatschool.AteachergaveherabookaboutPompeii.“IrememberreadingabouttheeruptionofVesuviusandthedestructionofthecity,”sheexplains.“ThethoughtofallthosepeoplejustfrozenintimehadquiteaneffectonmeandIamstillexcitedbytheirdangerousbeautytoday.”
Nowadays,volcanoesaregettingmoreandmoreunpredictable.Therehavebeenmanychangesinsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandmeltingicecaps.Thesehaveresultedinsomedormantvolcanoeserupting,sostudyingthemismoredangerousthaneverbefore.Hazelsaysthatalthoughshedoesn'ttakeanyunnecessaryrisk,shehashadsomefrighteningmoments.HerworstexperiencewasontheslopesofMountEtnainSicily,whenshewasslowlysurroundedbylava.“Ihadachoiceofwalkingtenhourstogetaroundthelavafloworjustwalkingacrossit,”sheexplains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthecoolerrocksinthelavastream.“Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflowwas1,000°C,soifyouhesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.Itwasscary,butitreallywasapracticaldecision—therewasn'ttimetodoanythingelse.”
Andwhataboutthefuture?
“Ihaven'tbeentothevolcanoesinIndonesiayet.AndIwouldlovetospendsometimeworkingintheAntarctic,”shesays.“Iwouldalsoliketoknowwhyquietlavaflowseruptfromsomevolcanoesandwhyothervolcanoesgobang.”Inotherwords,HazelRymerwon'tbeexchanginghervolcanoesfortherelativesafetyofdrivingtoworkjustyet.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了火山学家HazelRymer的一些关于火山的研究活动。
尽管研究火山充满不可预测的风险,但是Hazel也不会改变自己的选择。
1.Hazel'sclaimthat“drivingtoworkismorerisky”thanexploringvolcanoesshowsthat________.
A.peoplehaveexaggeratedthedangersofvolcanoesinthepast
B.Hazeldoesnotreallyunderstandthedangeroussituationssheputsherselfin
C.therearemanybaddriversintheplacewhereHazellives
D.Hazelisbeingmodestandunderstatingthedangersshefaces
解析:
由此句话的前一句“Butthe38-year-oldvolcanologistdoesherbesttomakeitsoundlessalarmingthanitis.”以及此句话可知,HazelRymer说开车上班比对火山进行研究更危险可推断出,她是以一种谦虚的说法淡化其面临的危险。
答案:
D
2.WhendidHazelfirstbecomeinterestedinvolcanoes?
A.WhenshewasvisitingItaly.
B.Whenshewasatschool.
C.Whenshewastwenty.
D.WhenshesawVesuvius.
解析:
由第二段第二句“Herinterestinvolcanoesbeganatschool.”可知她在读书时就对火山感兴趣。
答案:
B
3.Theunderlinedword“These”(inParagraph3)refersto“________”.
A.meltingicecaps B.volcaniceruptions
C.changesinsealevelD.highertemperatures
解析:
由画线词的前一句话“Therehavebeenmanychangesinsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandmeltingicecaps.”可知画线词应该指的是海平线的变化。
答案:
C
4.WhenHazelwasonMountEtna,shehadto______.
A.takeadangerousroute
B.takeanunnecessaryrisk
C.leaveherbootsbehind
D.walkfortenhoursaroundthemountain
解析:
由第三段最后几句“‘Ihadachoiceofwalkingtenhourstogetaroundthelavafloworjustwalkingacrossit,‘sheexplains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthecoolerrocksinthelavastream.‘Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflowwas1,000℃,soifyouhesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.Itwasscary,butitreallywasapracticaldecision—therewasn'ttimetodoanythingelse.’”可知她选择了从熔岩流中走过,而这是一条危险的路。
答案:
A
5.Inthefuture,Hazelwantsto________.
A.revisitvolcanoessheknows
B.goonholidaytotheAntarctic
C.findalessdangerousjob
D.discovernewthingsaboutvolcanoes
解析:
由最后一段内容“...Iwouldalsoliketoknowwhyquietlavaflowseruptfromsomevolcanoesandwhyothervolcanoesgobang...”可知,Hazel将继续对火山进行研究,并发现一些新的东西。
答案:
D
Passage3
Onlineclothesshopperswillbetoldexactlywhatsizeisbest,forthemusingnewsoftwarewhichcombineswiththeirwebcamorsmartphonetoforma“3Dtapemeasure”.
ScientistsfromSurreyUniversityanddesignexpertsfromtheLondonCollegeofFashionaredevelopingaprogrammewhichcantakeprecisewaist,hip,chestandothermeasurementsfromcameraimages.
Usingtheperson'sheightasastartingpoint,thesoftwarewillbeabletobuildupandestimatetheirsizeatvariousdifferentpointsonthebody,basedontheiroverallproportions.
Theresultwillbeamoreaccuratesizingguidethanprevioussystemsbasedonthewaistsizeora“small/medium/large”scale,whichrelyonlimitedmeasurementsandthebuyer'sperceptionoftheirownbodysize.
Shoppersandretailers(零售商)whochoosetosignupfortheprojectcouldsavemillionsofpoundsayearinpostagecostsbyremovingtheneedtoorder
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