碳纤维的研究发展与进程.docx
- 文档编号:26394138
- 上传时间:2023-06-18
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:469.98KB
碳纤维的研究发展与进程.docx
《碳纤维的研究发展与进程.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《碳纤维的研究发展与进程.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
碳纤维的研究发展与进程
Researchprogressofcarbonfibercompositematerial
Abstract:
Basedontheintroductionofcarbonfiber,brieflydiscussesthestructure,characteristicsandclassificationofcarbonfiber,andemphaticallyintroducesthepropertiesofcarbonfibercompositematerials,classification,applicationandmoldingmethod,includinghandlay-upmolding,resintransfermolding,injectionmolding,Formingandpultrusionfiberwinding.
Keywords:
carbonfiber;compositematerial;classification;molding
Introduction
Carbonfiber(carbonfiber,referredtoasCF),isanewtypeoffibermaterialcontainingcarboncontentin95%above.Itnotonlyhastheintrinsiccharacteristicsofcarbonmaterials,aswellasprocessingtextilefiberissoft,isanewgenerationofreinforcedfiber.Withthetraditionalglassfiber(GF),Young'smodulusis3timesasmuch;itandtheKevlarfiber(KF-49),notonlytheyoung'smodulusisabout2times,butinsolubleinorganicsolvents,expansionofacid,alkali,corrosionresistance,riseabovethecommonherd.Carbonfiberisakindofhighperformancefiber,hashighspecificstrength,highspecificmodulus,hightemperatureresistance,chemicalcorrosionresistance,radiationresistance,fatigueresistance,creepresistance,conductive,heattransferandlowcoefficientofthermalexpansionandaseriesofexcellentpropertiesof[1].duetothematerialhashighstrength,highmodulus,hightemperatureresistance,fatigueresistance,conductivity,thermalconductivityandothercharacteristics,soitiswidelyusedincivilconstruction[2],aerospace,automotive,sportsandleisuregoods,energyandmedicalandhealthfields.Inaddition,carbonfiberhasbeenwidelyusedinelectroniccommunications,petroleumexploitation,infrastructureareassuchas[3],mainlyusedforthedischargeofshieldingmaterials[4],anti-staticmaterials,separationofuraniumcentrifugematerials,batteryelectrodes[5],alsohaveoutstandingperformanceinthebiochemicalprotective,ozoneremoval,foodetc.field.Thebearingloadofcarbonfibercanbeusedasastructuralmaterial,butalsoplayaroleasfunctionalmaterials.Asakindofhighperformancefiber,carbonfiberandcarbonmaterialshavebeenwidelyusedinmilitaryandcivilindustrialfields,fromaviation,aerospace,automotive,electronics,machinery,chemical,textileandothercivilindustrytosportsandleisureproductsetc..Therefore,thecarbonfiberisregardedasatypicalrepresentativeofnewindustrialmaterialsinthefieldoftheworld.
1.Thestructure,characteristicsandclassificationofcarbonfiber
Carbonfiberisakindofspecialfibercomposedofcarbon,thecarboncontentvarywiththetype,generallyinmorethan90%.Hissteelaccountedforlessthan1/4,evenlighterthanaluminum,morethan20timesthestrengthofiron.Comparedwithtitanium,steel,aluminumandothermetalmaterials,carbonfiberhashighstrength,highmodulus,lowdensity,linearexpansioncoefficientofsmall,inthephysicalproperties,canbecalledthekingofnewmaterials.Itisgenerallythesamecarbonmaterialhasthecharacteristics,suchashightemperatureresistance,frictionresistance,conductivity,thermalconductivityandcorrosionresistance,butaredifferentfromgeneralcarbonmaterial,itsappearancehasobviousanisotropy,soft,canbeprocessedintoavarietyoffabrics,alongthefiberaxisshowaveryhighstrength.[9]smallproportionofcarbonfiber,ithasahighspecificstrength.Therefore,thecarbonfibercanbe.[6]fieldusedinaircraftmanufacturing,militaryindustry,windpowerbladesandotherindustrialfields,suchasGOLFbatsportsleisure
Carbonfiberstructuredependsonthestructureandthecarbonizationprocess,butnomatterwhatkindofmaterial,carbonfibercarbonatomsinaplanealwaysalongthefiberaxisparallelorientation.Foundbyx-rayandelectronmicroscopicstudyofthegraphitelatticestructure,therealstructureofcarbonfiberisnotideal,buttotheturbostraticstructure,asshowninFigure1-1.Abasicelementofthisstructureishexagonalcarbonlayerbylayercomposedoflattice,latticeplane.Intheplaneofthelayerofcarbonatomsinstrongcovalentbondconnected,thebondlengthis0.1421nm;intheplaneofthelayerareconnectedbyweakFanDehuaforces,layerspacingbetween0.336~0.344nm;fixedpositionofcarbonatomwithoutrulesbetweenlayerandlayer,thelayeredgeuneven.Inthebasisofcarbonatomsandtheinternalstructureofcompleteatomicleveledgeofgraphitelayersofdifferent.Thebasisofcarbonatomiclevelinternalgravityissymmetrical,bondenergyishigh,lowreactionactivityatthesurface;attheedgeofthecarbonatomforceasymmetry,withunpairedelectrons,activityisrelativelyhigh.[2]
Fig.1-1carbonfiberStructure
Carbonfibermainlyhavethefollowingcharacteristics:
(1)smalldensity,lightweight,carbonfiberdensityis1.5-2g/cm3,whichinadditiontotheoriginalwirestructurerelated,mainlydependsonthecarbonizationtemperature.Afterhightemperature(3000℃)graphitization,densityofupto2.0g/cm3.
(2)strength,highelasticmodulus,itsstrengthis4-5timeslargerthansteel,elasticrecoveryof100%;
(3)asmallcoefficientofthermalexpansion,thermalconductivitydecreasedwithincreasingtemperature,resistancetocold,hot,evenfromthousandsofdegreesCelsiustemperaturesuddenlydroppedtonormaltemperaturewillnotburst;
(4)thefrictioncoefficientissmall,andwithlubrication;
(5)goodconductivity,25℃highmoduluscarbonfiberthantheresistanceof775Ω·cm,highstrengthcarbonfiberis1500Ω·cm;
(6)hightemperatureandlowtemperatureisgood,no,notthesofteningmeltingat3000℃nonoxidizingatmosphere,atliquidnitrogentemperatureisstillverysoftalso,notbrittle;goodacidresistance,acidresistanceisinert,concentratedhydrochloricacid,phosphoricacid,sulfuricaciderosion.Inaddition,carbonfiberisalsoresistanttooil,antiradiation,antiradiation,absorptionoftoxicgasesandtheneutronanddecelerationfeatures.[7]
Becauseoftherawmaterialanditspreparationmethod,carbonfiberscanbeclassifiedfromthefollowingtwoaspects:
(1)Accordingtothemechanicalpropertiesofcarbonfiberscanbedividedintohighmodulus,highmodulusandhighstrengthandsuperhighstrength.
(2)Accordingtothetypeofrawsilkcanbedividedintopolyacrylonitrilebasedcarbonfiber,cellulosebasedcarbonfibers,carbonfibers,rayonbasedcarbonfiber(FenQuanji)three.[8]
Carbonfiberrawmaterialsmainlythroughpolymerization,spinning,afterpreoxidation,carbonizationandgraphitizationcanbeprepared.Polyacrylonitrilesolutionpolymerization,emulsionpolymerization,suspensionpolymerizationandbulkpolymerization,bywetspinningordryjetwetspinningofrawsilk.
2.carbonfiberreinforcedcomposites
2.1Thestructureandpropertiesofcarbonfiberreinforcedcompositematerials
Fiberreinforcedcompositematerialismadeofcarbonfiberfabricreinforcedresincarbonorgraphite(includingLiQing)compositecarbonoftheformationofcarbonandchemicalvapordeposition,carboncarboncomposites.Itismadeofcarbonfiberorcarbonfiberfabricreinforcedwithresin,carbonorgraphiteasasubstrate.Thestrengthofthecompositeathightemperatures,hightemperaturestablemorphology,sublimationtemperaturehigh,ablationofdepression,withhighstrengthandhighrigidityisparalleltothedirectionofcrackpropagationcanbeenhanced,resistance,canshock,antiradiation.
Characteristicsofcarboncompositeismainlymanifestedinthreeaspectsofmechanicalproperties,thermalphysicalpropertiesandthermalablationproperties.
(1)andlowdensity(1.7g/cm3)inthestructureunderhightemperature,itisthelightestmaterial;hightemperaturestrength,in2200℃mayretainthestrengthatroomtemperature;havehigherfracturetoughness,fatigueresistanceandcreepresistance;andthetensilestrengthandelasticmodulusishigherthanthatofcarbonmaterials,fiberorientationsignificantlyaffectthestrengthofthematerial,thestresswhenthestress-straincurvepresents"fakeplasticeffect"thatislinearintheinitialloading,becamethebilinearrelation,afterunloadingreloading,curveislinearandcanachievetheloadleveloftheoriginal.
(2)smallthermalexpansioncoefficient,heatcapacity,canstorealotofheat,lowthermalconductivity,thermalshockandthermalperformanceoffrictionandexcellent.
(3)resistantpropertiesofablation,ablationperformanceinheateffect,becausethesurfaceofsolidmateriallosscausedbychemicalandmechanicalprocessofthephenomenon,throughtheablationsurfacematerialawayalotofheat,canpreventtheheatintothematerial,C-Cmaterialisakindofsublimation-radiationtypematerial.[10]
2.2Studyprocessingmethodsandprocessing
Carbonfiberreinforcedcompositematerialhasbeenclassifiedasthelong(continuous)andshortfiberstoprocessing,fromthetypical300~400meterstoseveralmillimetersintodifferentgrades.Inthepast10years,peoplehavebeenimprovedtodifferenttypesofcarbonfibercompositematerialpropertiesandprocessingmethods,fromtheshortfibermixtureinjectionprocessing,laminating,materialprocessingtothemoldingprocessofleachingfromthepre,andstrivetofindthebestprocessingasthematerialofthisexcellentperformanceMethod.
2.2.1handlayupprocess
Thebiggestcharacteristicofhandlayupprocessismainlymanual,suitableformultivariety,smallbatchproduction,andisnotinfluencedbytheproductsizeandshapeconstraints.Butthismethodislowefficiency,poorworkingconditions,andlaborintensityis
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 碳纤维 研究 发展 进程