不同的地理特征对汉英习语影响.docx
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不同的地理特征对汉英习语影响.docx
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不同的地理特征对汉英习语影响
不同的地理特征对汉英习语影响
【Abstract】Thegeographyenvironmentisconnectedtothehuman‘slivesclosely.Fromtheancienttimes,thehumantriedtheirbesttoconquerthenature,torebuildit.Atthattime,themostimportantfunctionwastoimprovetheproduction.Sointhisperiod,thehuman‘scivilizationswereinfluencedbythegeography.ChinaislocatedintheeastoftheEurasiaandonthewestbankofthePacificOcean--whichcouldnotbecrossedatthattime.InthesouthwestofChina,thereistheHimalayas,andthesouthwestisalargedesert,becauseofthese,wecansaythatChinawasrelativelyisolatedfromtheoutsideworld.Meanwhile,Chinahasalargeoffieldfortillageandtheclimatesuitstoit.SotheChinesecivilizationisthegeographycivilization.ButinEnglandandthewesterncountries,theylackoftheinlandbutneartheMediterraneanandtheAtlanticOcean,theseweresuitedtodeveloptheseacivilization.
TheidiomsaretheflowersoftheChineseandEnglishculture.SothispaperwilllisttheidiomsaboutthegeographyinChineseandEnglishlanguages.LeteveryoneknowmorethegeographyChineseandEnglishidioms
【KeyWords】geography;idioms;Chinese;English
【摘要】地理环境与人类的生存密切相关,远古的人类就是在不断地征服自然,改造自然中,发展、壮大起来。
可以说,古代人类最重要的活动就是征服自然,发展生产。
当时的人类的文化受到地理环境的影响。
中国位于欧亚大陆的东部,东边是难以逾越的太平洋,西南是有世界屋脊之称的喜马拉雅山,西北是一片大沙漠,可以说中国是相对地与外界隔离。
并且中国有大片土地供耕耘,气候也适合农耕,因此中国的文化是农耕文化,其文化偏向土地。
而英国,乃至整个西方,适合耕耘的土地少,而且面向地中海,大西洋,适合发展海洋文化。
而西方文化的发源地古希腊,更可以被称为是典型的海洋文化,因此,英国的文化更偏向海洋。
习语是中西文化中的精华,本篇将列出中西习语中受地理影响的部分。
旨在弄清地理环境与文化之间的关系。
【关键词】地理;习语;汉语;英语
Introduction
Theenvironmentinfluencestheculture.Humanandthenaturearerelatedclosely.Foronething,humandependsonthenature,andisboundbythenature.Foranther,humanalwaystrytomasterthenatureandrebuildit.[1]
Asweallknow,theChinesecultureandtheEnglishculturehavedifferentnatureenvironments.Chinahasalargeplainfortillage.Butinthewesterncountries,especiallyintheGreece,themotherofthewesterncivilization,hassmalllandfortillage,thelandisforthestockbreeding.WhiletheGreekhavelesslandtodeveloptheagriculture,theylivenearthesea,theMediterranean,sotheycansailintheseaforcommerce.Becauseofthedifferences,theChinesecultureandtheEnglishculturearedifferent.TheChinesecultureistheagriculturecivilization andtheEnglishcultureisfromtheGreekcivilization,sotheEnglishcultureistheseacivilization.
2、ThesimilaritiesbetweenEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsaboutthegeography
TheidiomsarethefossilsoftheChineseandEnglishcultures.IntheChineseandEnglishidioms,therearemanyidiomsaboutthegeography.SomeoftheChineseandEnglishidiomshavethesimilarmeanings,butothersareindifferentmeanings.
Inthegroupofidioms,whichhavesimilarmeaning,manyofthemusethesameimages,whileothersusethedifferentimagestoexplainthesamething.
similaritiesbetweenEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsaboutthegeography
InmanyoftheChineseandEnglishidioms,theyhavethesamemeanings.Coincidently,manyofthemusethesameimages.ItshowsthattheChinesepeopleandEnglishpeopleexperiencethesimilarconceptions.Meanwhile,someofthemhavethesamemeanings,buttheyusethedifferentimagestoexplain.Fromthat,wecouldknowthatalthoughtheChineseandEnglishpeoplehavethesameexperience,theyhavethedifferentcultures.Sotheidiomsalwaysusethedifferentimages.
TheChinese-Englishgeographyidiomsthatusethesimilarimages
IntheancientChinaandEngland,thepeoplemayhavethesameexperience,andcoincidentlyusethesameimagetodescribethesamething.Itisverycoincidental.
(1)Fishintroublewatersand"浑水摸鱼"
Meaning:
toprofitinaconfusedenvironment
Don’tfishintroublewaters;thatdoesyounogood.
(2)Pour/throwcoldwateronand"泼冷水"
Meaning:
todiscourage
Theboardofdirectorpouredcoldwateronhisnewinvestmentproposalsinthatregion.
(3)Makewavesand"兴风作浪"
Meaning:
tomaketrouble
Theyliftitwasnotthetimetomakewavesbystagingasit-in.
(4)Gowiththestreamand"随波逐流"[10]
Meaning:
doasothersdo
Helistenedtothesamemusicanddressedthesamewayashisfriends.Hewentwiththestream,forhelackedconfidenceinmakinghisowndecision.
(5)Burnone’sboat/bridges[11]and"破釜沉舟"[12]
Meaning:
todosomethingthatmakeitimpossibletogoback
Startingyourownbusinesshasalotofrisk,sothinktwicebeforeyouburnyourboat.
TheidiomsinthisgroupreflectthattheEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsarenearlycoincidental.Peopleindifferentculturesexperiencethesimilarconceptions.Theexamples
(1)to(4)areusingthesameimages.Theexample(5),inChineseweuse“釜”and“舟”but,inEnglishtheyjustuse“boat”or“bridge”.InbothChineseandEnglishtheboat,thecookingpotandthebridgeareallveryimportanttopeoplelives.
Chinese-Englishgeographyidiomsthatusedifferentimages
WhiletheancientChinesepeopleandEnglishpeoplecoincidentlyusethesameimagetoexplainthesamething.Mostofthetime,theChineseandEnglishpeopleusethedifferentimagestoexplainthesamething.
(1)Bein/getinhotwater[13]orIndeepwater[14]and"泥菩萨过江"
Meaning:
tobeinorgetintotrouble
Shehasgotintohotwateragainforherinquisitivenaturerecently.
(2)Adropinthebucket/ocean[15]and"九牛一毛"
Meaning:
anegligibleortinyquantity;somethingthatmakelittledifference
Tencentsmeansalotofmoneytothebeggaronthestreet,butisadropintheoceanformostpeople.
(3)Paddleone’sowncanoe[16]and"自力更生"
Meaning:
todependononeself
Don’tworrytoomuchaboutyourson;heisbigenoughtopaddlehisowncanoe.
(4)Abigfish(inalittlepond)[17]and"顶天立地"[18]
Meaning:
animportantperson(inasmallcommunity)
ItoldyouwhenGeorgecametoourdepartmenttwoyearsagothathe’dsoonjob-hop.Heisabigfish.
TheidiomsinthisgroupreflectthattheEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomshavethesamemeaning,butusethedifferentimages.Intheexample
(2)inEnglishtheyuse“ocean”,whileinChineseweuse“牛”.Theexample(4),inEnglishtheyuse“fish”,butinChineseweuse“地”.Theexample(5),inEnglishtheyuse“fish”,butinChineseweuse“牛”.TheseshowthattheEnglishculturebelongstotheseacivilization,andtheChineseculturebelongstotheagriculturecivilization.Becausefishisthenormalthinginseacivilization,andtheoxisaveryimportantanimalfortheagriculture.
3ThedifferencesbetweenEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsaboutthegeography
Theenvironmentinfluencedtheidiomsverymuch.Forexample,inChina,therealargelandfortillage,soinChineseidioms,therearemanyidiomsabout“tu”(土)、“di”、and“niu”--theseareallconnectedcloselytotheagriculture.
Butthewesterncultureisdifferent.Inthewesterncountries,especiallyintheGreek–themotherofthewesterncivilizations,therearemanymountainsandsmalllandfortillage.Theyhadtodevelopthebusinessatsea.SointheEnglishidioms,therearemanyidiomsaboutthesea,theboatandthefish.
Thereisatypicalexample,whichcouldexplainthis.InChina,wesay“huijinrutu”,butinEnglish,theysay“spendmoneylikewater”.Thesetwoarealldescribingthatsomeonespendmoneyverymuch,butinChineseweuse“tu”,whileinEnglishtheyuse“water”.
ThedifferentimagesaboutthegeographicalwordsinChineseandEnglishidioms
Nomatterwhethertheidiomshavethesamemeaning,orhavethedifferentmeanings,theirimagesareallaboutthegeographicalwords.InChineseidioms,manyoftheimagesareconnectedtotheland.InEnglish,manyoftheimagesareconnectedtothesea.
TheChinesegeographyidioms
Thelandisveryimportanttothepeople’slive.Alsotheagricultureisthemostimportantactivityinthepeople’scommonlive.Therearesomanyidiomsusethegeographicalwordstoexplainsomething.Therearesomeexamplecouldshowit.
(1)Juantuchonglai(卷土重来)[19]
Stageacomeback
(2)Mianrutuse(面如土色)[20]
Lookashen;lookpale
turnpalewithfright
(3)Yibaitudi(一败涂地)[21]
Failcompletely;sufferacrushingdefeat;berouted.
Wejustcan’tpossiblyfailcompletely,afterallthepreparationwe’vemade.
(4)Hutianqiangdi(呼天抢地)[22]
Lamenttoheavenandknockone’sheadonearth—uttercriesofanguish.
Fromthisgroupofidioms,wecouldseethatthelandisveryimportanttotheChinese.SointheChineseidioms,therearemanyidiomsabouttheland.TheChineseculturebelongstotheagriculturecivilization.
TheEnglishgeographyidioms
InEngland,theseaisconnectedtothepeople’slifeclosely.Englandisanislandcountry.InEngland,thefieldisless,thelandisforstockbreeding.TheEnglishpeoplealwaysmaketheirlivingonthesea.Sotherearemanyidiomsabouttheseaandtheship.
(1)Atsea[23]
①Onaship,etconthesea
spendthreemonthsatsea
②Notknowwhattodo;confused
I’mallatsea;Ihavenoideahowtorepaircars.
(2)Misstheboat[24]
Missanopportunity;betoolatetoparticipateinsomething
Sheputherapplicationinforherinterviewonedaylate.Unfortunatelyforhertheuniversityauthoritiescoulddonothingandshehadmissedtheboat
(3)Atbottom[25]
Inreality;reallybasically
Heseemsaggressivebutatbottomheiskindandgood-natural
(4)Anotherkettleoffish(adifferentkettleoffish)[26]
Acompletelydifferentpersonorthingfromtheonepreviouslymentioned
Heisgoodatplayingtennisinprivate,butplayinginpublicisadifferentkettleoffish.
Thisgroupofidiomsreflectthatthesea、theboat、thefishareveryimportanttothepeople’slives.TheEnglish
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