英语语法英文讲解时态条件状语.docx
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英语语法英文讲解时态条件状语.docx
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英语语法英文讲解时态条件状语
PresentSimpleUse
PresentUses
1:
Weusethepresentsimplewhensomethingisgenerallyoralwaystrue.
∙Peopleneedfood.
∙Itsnowsinwinterhere.
∙Twoandtwomakefour.
2:
Similarly,weneedtousethistenseforasituationthatwethinkismoreorlesspermanent.(Seethepresentcontinuousfortemporarysituations.)
∙Wheredoyoulive?
∙Sheworksinabank.
∙Idon'tlikemushrooms.
3:
Thenextuseisforhabitsorthingsthatwedoregularly.Weoftenuseadverbsoffrequency(suchas'often','always'and'sometimes')inthiscase,aswellasexpressionslike'everySunday'or'twiceamonth'.(Seethepresentcontinuousfornew,temporaryorannoyinghabits).
∙Doyousmoke?
∙IplaytenniseveryTuesday.
∙Idon'ttravelveryoften.
4:
Wecanalsousethepresentsimpleforshortactionsthatarehappeningnow.Theactionsaresoshortthattheyarefinishedalmostassoonasyou'vesaidthesentence.Thisisoftenusedwithsportscommentary,orindemonstrations.
∙Hetakestheball,herunsdownthewing,andhescores!
∙FirstIputsomebutterinthepanandturnonthecooker.
FutureUses
5:
Weusethepresentsimpletotalkaboutthefuturewhenwearediscussingatimetableorafixedplan.Usually,thetimetableisfixedbyanorganisation,notbyus.
∙Schoolbeginsatninetomorrow.
∙Whattimedoesthefilmstart?
∙Theplanedoesn'tarriveatseven.Itarrivesatseventhirty.
6:
Wealsousethepresentsimpletotalkaboutthefutureafterwordslike''when','until','after','before'and'assoonas'.Thesearesometimescalledsubordinateclausesoftime.
∙IwillcallyouwhenIhavetime.(Not'willhave'.)
∙Iwon'tgooutuntilitstopsraining.
∙I'mgoingtomakedinnerafterIwatchthenews.
ConditionalUses
7:
Weusethepresentsimpleinthefirstandthezeroconditionals.(Seethe conditionalssection formoreinformation.)
∙Ifitrains,wewon'tcome.
∙Ifyouheatwaterto100degrees,itboils.
PresentContinuousUse
PresentUses
1:
First,weusethepresentcontinuousforthingsthatarehappeningatthemomentofspeaking.Thesethingsusuallylastforquiteashorttimeandtheyarenotfinishedwhenwearetalkingaboutthem.
∙I'mworkingatthemoment.
∙Pleasecallbackasweareeatingdinnernow.
∙Julieissleeping.
2:
Wecanalsousethistenseforotherkindsoftemporarysituations,eveniftheactionisn'thappeningatthismoment.
∙John'sworkinginabaruntilhefindsajobinhisfield.(Hemightnotbeworkingnow.)
∙I'mreadingareallygreatbook.(Imightnotbereadingnow)
∙She'sstayingwithherfriendforaweek.
Comparethiswiththepresentsimple,whichisusedforpermanentsituationsthatwefeelwillcontinueforalongtime.
∙Iworkinaschool.(Ithinkthisisapermanentsituation.)
∙I'mworkinginaschool.(Ithinkthisisatemporarysituation.)
3:
Wecanusethepresentcontinuousfortemporaryornewhabits(fornormalhabitsthatcontinueforalongtime,weusethepresentsimple).Weoftenusethiswithexpressionslike'thesedays'or'atthemoment'.
∙He'seatingalotthesedays.
∙She'sswimmingeverymorning(shedidn'tusetodothis).
∙You'resmokingtoomuch.
4:
Anotherpresentcontinuoususeisforhabitsthatarenotregular,butthathappenveryoften.Inthiscaseweusuallyuseanadverblike'always','forever'or'constantly'.Often,weusethepresentcontinuousinthiswaytotalkaboutanannoyinghabit.
∙You'reforeverlosingyourkeys!
∙She'sconstantlymissingthetrain.
∙Lucy'salwayssmiling!
FutureUses
5:
Thenextuseisfordefinitefuturearrangements(withafuturetimeword).Inthiscasewehavealreadymadeaplanandweareprettysurethattheeventwillhappeninthefuture.
∙I'mmeetingmyfathertomorrow.
∙We'regoingtothebeachattheweekend.
∙I'mleavingatthree.
∙HowlongisshestayinginLondon?
Wecan'tusethistense(oranyothercontinuoustense)withstativeverbs.
?
sheisworkingasawaitressforamonth.
PresentPerfectSimpleUse
Weusethistenseforunfinishedandfinishedactions.
UnfinishedActions
1:
Weusethistensewhenwewanttotalkaboutunfinishedactionsorstatesorhabitsthatstartedinthepastandcontinuetothepresent.Usuallyweuseittosay'howlong'andweneed'since'or'for'.Weoftenusestativeverbs.
∙I'veknownKarensince1994.
∙She'slivedinLondonforthreeyears.
∙I'veworkedhereforsixmonths.
'Since'and'For'
Weuse'since'withafixedtimeinthepast(2004,April23rd,lastyear).Thefixedtimecanbeanotheraction,whichisinthepastsimple(sinceIwasatschool,sinceIarrived).
∙I'veknownSamsince1992.
∙I'velikedchocolatesinceIwasachild.
∙She'sbeenheresince2pm.
Weuse'for'withaperiodoftime(2hours,threeyears,sixmonths).
∙I'veknownJuliefortenyears.
∙I'vebeenhungryforhours.
∙She'shadacoldforaweek.
FinishedActions
2:
Lifeexperience.Theseareactionsoreventsthathappenedsometimeduringaperson'slife.Wedon'tsaywhentheexperiencehappened,andthepersonneedstobealivenow.Weoftenusethewords'ever'and'never'here.
∙IhavebeentoTokyo.
∙TheyhavevisitedParisthreetimes.
∙Wehaveneverseenthatfilm.
3:
Withanunfinishedtimeword(thismonth,thisweek,today).Theperiodoftimeisstillcontinuing.
∙Ihaven'tseenherthismonth.
∙She'sdrunkthreecupsofcoffeetoday.
∙I'vealreadymovedhousetwicethisyear!
WeCAN'Tusethepresentperfectwithafinishedtimeword.
∙NOT:
I'veseenhimyesterday.
4:
Afinishedactionwitharesultinthepresent(focusonresult).Weoftenusethepresentperfecttotalkaboutsomethingthathappenedintherecentpast,butthatisstilltrueorimportantnow.Sometimeswecanusethepastsimplehere,especiallyinUSEnglish.
∙I'velostmykeys(soIcan'tgetintomyhouse).
∙She'shurtherleg(soshecan'tplaytennistoday).
∙They'vemissedthebus(sotheywillbelate).
5:
Wecanalsousethepresentperfecttotalkaboutsomethingthathappenedrecently,evenifthereisn'taclearresultinthepresent.Thisiscommonwhenwewanttointroducenewsandweoftenusethewords'just/yet/already/recently'.However,thepastsimpleisalsocorrectinthesecases,especiallyinUSEnglish.
∙TheQueenhasgivenaspeech.
∙I'vejustseenLucy.
∙TheMayorhasannouncedanewplanfortherailways.
BeenandGone
Inthistense,weuseboth'been'and'gone'asthepastparticipleof'go',butinslightlydifferentcircumstances.Weuse'been'(oftenwhenwetalkaboutlifeexperience)tomeanthatthepersonwe'retalkingaboutvisitedtheplaceandcameback.
∙I'vebeentoParis(inmylife,butnowI'minLondon,whereIlive).
∙Shehasbeentoschooltoday(butnowshe'sbackathome).
∙TheyhaveneverbeentoCalifornia.
Weuse'gone'(oftenwhenwearetalkingaboutanactionwitharesultinthepresent)tomeanthatthepersonwenttotheplaceandisattheplacenow.
∙Where'sJohn?
He'sgonetotheshops(he'sattheshopsnow).
∙JuliehasgonetoMexico(nowshe'sinMexico).
∙They'vegonetoJapanforthreeweeks(nowthey'reinJapan).
PresentPerfectContinuousUse
Unfinishedactions
1:
Tosayhowlongforunfinishedactionswhichstartedinthepastandcontinuetothepresent.Weoftenusethiswith'for'and'since'(seethe thepresentperfectsimplepageformoreabout'for'and'since').
∙I'vebeenlivinginLondonfortwoyears.
∙She'sbeenworkingheresince2004.
∙We'vebeenwaitingforthebusforhours.
Thisuseisverysimilartohowweusethepresentperfectsimple,andoftenit'spossibletouseeithertense.Ofcourse,withstativeverbs,wecan'tusethepresentperfectcontinuous.
∙I'vebeenhereforhours.
∙NOT:
I’vebeenbeinghereforhours.
2:
Fortemporaryhabitsorsituations.Theactionstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresentinthesamewayaswithusenumber1,butwedon'tanswerthequestionsabout'howlong'soclearly.Instead,weuseawordlike'recently'.
∙I'vebeengoingtothegymalotrecently.
∙They'vebeenlivingwithhismotherwhiletheylookforahouse.
∙I'vebeenreadingalotrecently.
Thisisverysimilartotheuseofthepresentcontinuousfortemporaryhabitsandofteneithertenseispossible.
Finishedactions
3:
Actionswhichhaverecentlystopped(thoughthewholeactioncanbeunfinished)andhavearesult,whichwecanoftensee,hear,orfeel,inthepresent.Wedon'tuseatimewordhere.
∙I'msotired,I'vebeenstudying.
∙I'vebeenrunning,soI'mreallyhot.
∙It'sbeenrainingsothepavementiswet.
Thepresentperfectsimplehasaverysimilaruse,whichfocusesontheresultoftheaction,whereasthepresentperfectcontinuousfocusesontheactionitself.See mypagehereaboutthedifferencebetweenthepresentperfectsimpleandthepresentperfectcontinuousformoreexplanation.
PastSimpleUse
Thisisthebasicpasttense.Weuseitwheneverwewanttotalkaboutthepastandwedon'thaveanyspecialsituationthatmeansweshouldusethepastperfect,presentperfectorpastcontinuous.
Finishedactions,statesorhabitsinthepast.
1:
Weuseitwithfinishedactions,statesorhabitsinthepastwhenwehaveafinishedtimeword(yesterday,lastweek,at2o'clock,in2003).
∙Iwenttothecinemayesterday.
∙WespentalotoftimeJapanin2007.
2:
Weuseitwithfinishedactions,statesorhabitsinthepastwhenweknowfromgeneralknowledgethatthetimeperiodhasfinished.Thisincludeswhenthepersonwearetalkingaboutisdead.
∙LeonardopaintedtheMonaLisa.
∙TheVikingsinvadedBritain.
3:
Weuseitwithfinishedactions,statesorhabitsinthepastthatwehaveintroduced
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- 关 键 词:
- 英语语法 英文 讲解 时态 条件 状语
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