最地道过年习俗从小年到元宵.docx
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最地道过年习俗从小年到元宵.docx
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最地道过年习俗从小年到元宵
最地道过年习俗:
从小年到元宵
小孩小孩你别馋,过了腊八就是年。
腊八粥,喝几天?
沥沥拉拉二十三。
二十三糖瓜儿粘,二十四扫房日,二十五糊窗户,二十六炖大肉,二十七杀公鸡,二十八白面发,二十九蒸馒头,三十晚上熬一宿,大年初一扭一扭。
初一早,初二早,初三困到饱;初四接神,初五隔开,初六挹肥;初七七完,初八完全;初九天公生,初十有食食;十一请子婿,十二查某子返来拜,十三食暗糜配芥菜,十四结灯棚,十五上元暝。
这些顺口溜你都听说过吗?
从二十三已经开始进入过年时间段了,一直到正月十五,每天都有不同的过年习俗,今天就来为你一一解释一下。
腊月二十三——小年
December23oftheLunarCalendar(LittleNewYear)
Custom:
WorshipingtheKitchenGod
Asthelegendgoes,thereisakitchengodineachhousewhoisresponsibleforthekitchenandoverseestheconductofthefamily.Onthisday,thekitchengodreturnstoHeaventoreporttheconductsofthefamilytotheEmperorofHeaven.Therefore,worshippingthekitchengodaimsto“pleasehim.”Peopleputoutsomesweetandstickyfoods,suchasricedumplingsandmaltedsugar.Inthisway,thelipsofthekitchengodwillstucktogether,andhecannotreportanywrongdoingsofthefamily.Thusthefamilycanleadanauspiciouslife.
习俗:
祭灶
民俗传说中,每家都有一位灶神掌管饮食,也记录一家人的言行。
今天,灶神就要返回天庭汇报这一户人一年的大小事,所以祭灶的主题就是“拉拢灶神”。
在厨房内摆放些甜而粘牙的如汤圆、麦芽糖等食物,灶神的嘴被粘住,就少汇报些坏事,才能天降吉祥。
腊月二十四
December24oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
Dusting
Afterworshippingthekitchengod,peoplebegintothoroughlycleantheirhousestosweepawaybadluckandwelcomegoodluck.Dustingshowsthegoodwishofputtingawayoldthingsandwelcominganewlife,makingeverythinglookfreshinthenewyear.
习俗:
扫尘
祭灶后,人们便开始大扫除,扫尘除灾,以迎祥纳福。
扫尘也是辞旧迎新,求的是万象更新的新年新气象。
腊月二十五
December25oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
PastingWindowPaperandMakingTofu
Thetimesforpastingwindowpaperaregone.Nowadays,thetraditionisreplacedbycleaningwindows.Tofuishomophonicwith“Toufu(firstfortuneoftheyear)”,soitisconsideredasagoodfoodwhichbringshappiness.InordertoprepareitfortheSpringFestival,peopleshouldbegintogrindbeansandmaketofutoday.
习俗:
糊窗户、磨豆腐
纸糊窗户的时代已经过去,所以如今这习俗已经被擦玻璃取代。
而豆腐音同“头福”,被视为能够为新年带来福气的好食材,要为过年做准备,今天就要开始磨豆自制豆腐了。
腊月二十六
December26oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
PreparationofMeatandShoppingfortheSpringFestival
Whentherewasinsufficientfoodinthepast,themajorityofordinarypeoplecouldenjoyacomparativelylavishfeastonlyduringtheSpringFestivalcanbestartedontheday.Besidesmeatandfish,peoplealsopurchasecigarettes,wines,fruits,giftsandfestiveornaments.
习俗:
割年肉、置年货
在物质不丰富的年代,大多寻常人家要到年节期间才能吃得丰富一些。
割年肉主要指准备春节的肉食,实际上也代表各种年货可以从这一天开始置办,除了鱼、肉,还有烟酒瓜果以及礼品、装饰等。
腊月二十七
December27oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
BatingandGoingtotheMarket
AccordingtothetraditionalfolkcustomsoftheHanethnicgroup,peopleshouldtakeabathanddotheirwashingstogetridofbadluckfromthepastyearandwelcomethenewyear.Besidesthepurposeofpurchasinggoods,peoplealsogoshoppingtoenjoytheexciting atmosphere oftheSpringFestivalinadvance.
习俗:
洗浴、赶集
汉族传统民俗中,在这天要洗澡、洗衣,以除去一年的倒霉,准备迎接来年的新春。
赶集,除了担负置办年货的任务,也能提前感受过年的热闹气息。
腊月二十八
December28oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
LeavingDoughandPastingSpringCouplets
Besidesmeatandsidedishes,peoplealsopreparecookedwheatenfoodfortheSpringFestival.PeopleinnorthChinamainlyeatnoodles.Theyleavendough,steambunsorcooknoodlesduringtheSpringFestival.Today,peoplealsopastespringcoupletsandpictures.Withconcisetextsandfestivepatterns,peopleshowtheirwelcomefortheSpringFestival.Inaddition,theseactivitiesindicatethattheSpringFestivalbegins.
习俗:
发面、贴春联
准备了肉食配菜后,也要准备主食。
北方以面为主食,发好面,可以在春节期间蒸馒头或者做面条等食物。
这一天也是将春联、年画贴出来的日子。
以简洁的文字和喜庆的图案迎接春节、抒发愿望,也意味着春节正式拉开帷幕。
腊月二十九——小除夕
December29oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
PayingTributetoAncestors
PreparationfortheSpringFestivalshouldbecompletedtoday,thedaybeforeNewYear’sEve.Worshippingancestorsisalsoamajoreventonthisday,bywhichpeopleexpresstheirgratitudeandyearningfortheirancestorsduringtheimportantfestival.
习俗:
祭祖
过年的准备工作将在除夕前一天的今天全部完成。
除此之外,祭祖也是这天的重要活动,以在春节这最重要的节日表达感恩与思念。
大年三十——除夕
December30oftheLunarCalendar
December30oflunarcalendar,alsocalled“Chuxi”(NewYear’sEve),isthelastdayoftheyearaccordingtolunarcalendar.Itmeanssayinggoodbyetothelastyearandwelcomingthenewyear.ChuxiistoChinesepeoplewhatChristmasEveistoWesterners.Andit’salsotheclimaxofthewholeSpringFestival.Therearemanycustomsineveryperiodoftimeonthisspecialdayandthosecustomshavebeen wellobservedforthousandsofyears.
大年三十,中国农历的最后一天,又称“除夕”——告别旧日,迎来新年。
这一天对每一个中国人来说意义非凡,如同平安夜在圣诞假期中的重要地位一般,整个春节的高潮也在这一天到达顶峰。
这一天中,每一个时间段都有约定俗成的讲究,几千年来,延续至今。
7:
00-11:
30
PreparingfortheReunionDinner
团年饭准备
Inthemorning,everyfamilybeginskillingchickenandfishesas well ascuttingmeatandvegetablestopreparefortheReunionDinner.
清晨开始,各家各户就忙着宰鸡、剖鱼、剁肉、切菜……为团年大餐做着最后的筹备工作。
11:
30-11:
50
PrayingtoAncestors
拜敬祖先
Althoughdifferentregionshavedifferentcustom,manywillpraytotheirancestorsbeforethedinneronthisday.Allthefamilymembershosedbytheirpatriarchofferincenseandkowtowtothememorialtabletsorthepicturesoftheirancestors,thentheyburnpapermoneyandprayonebyone.Theyalso present themaindishesoftheReunionDinnerincludingporkasofferingstotheirrespecttotheancestors.
虽各地都有不同的习俗,但大多会在今日正式的宴席前拜敬祖先。
全家人在家长的主持下,对祖先的牌位、人像烧香叩拜,并逐一烧纸祈福。
也会提前将宴席上的主菜如猪肉等作为贡品呈放,以示对先辈的尊敬。
12:
00-18:
00
EnjoyingtheReunionDinner&GivingLuckyMoney
团年饭开席、发压岁钱
Thetwowonderfulmealsatthisdayarecalled“ReunionDinners”,amongwhichtheNewYear’sEveDinnerismuchmoreimportant.
ThereareabundantdishesfortheNewYear’sEveDinner.Thedishesareofawidevarietyandtheyallimplythemeaningofgoodluck.Foreexample,“fish”sharesasimilarpronunciationwith“Yu”whichstandsfor“abundance”;beetrootsoundslike“CaiTou”thatmeansonecanhavegoodluckinthenewyear.Besides,therearechicken,duck,fish,porkandbeefinthedinner,whichsymbolizearichnewyear.WhileisSichuan,everyfamilyhashome-madesausageandcuredmeatas well asChineseliquor.
Duringdinnertime,Chinesepeopledonotjusteatanddrinkalthoughthefoodanddrinksareverydelicious.Theyalsosaysome“bestwishes”suchas“Iwishyougoodhealthandalonglife”,“mayallgo well withyou”,etc.totheelders,andthenhopetogetluckymoneyfromthosehappyelders.Itissaidthattheluckymoneycandriveoutevilspiritsbecauseitsharesthesamepronunciationwith“Sui”inChinese(meaningevilspirits),thuschildrenwhogetluckymoneywillbesafeinthenewyear.Surely,receivingluckymoneyisthefavorite“event”ofeverychildduringtheSpringFestival.
除夕日的两顿大餐称为“团年饭”,其中尤以晚餐“年夜饭”为重头戏。
年夜饭的餐桌上总是丰富异常,菜色虽然五花八门,但宗旨都要有开福纳吉的好寓意。
如“鱼”和“余”谐音,象征“年年有余”;“菜头”与“菜头”谐音,象征来年有好彩头,鸡鸭鱼猪牛肉都备齐,则说明来年丰裕。
在四川地区,还少不了自家酿制的香肠、腊肉,当然,还有白酒。
热闹的年夜饭进行到中段,酒菜正酣,可别只顾着吃喝,晚辈们此时只须给长辈献上几句如“健康长寿”、“万事如意”的吉祥话,就只等长辈乐呵呵发送压岁钱了。
相传压岁钱可以压住邪祟,因为“岁”与“祟”谐音,得到压岁钱的小辈就可以平平安安度过一岁。
当然,这也是小辈们无可争议最喜欢的过年“节目”。
20:
00
WatchingSpringFestivalGala
看春节联欢晚会
ShownduringtheChineseNewYear’sEve,theSpringFestivalGalaisalargevarietyshowproducedbyChinaCentralTelevision.Althoughithasbeencriticizedformanytimesbecauseofitsoutdatedcontentsandforms,theGalaisstillanimportantprogramforChinesefamiliestosittogether,enjoyfamilyloveandsharehappinessintheSpringFestival.
春节联欢晚会,是中国中央电视台在每年除夕晚上举办的大型文艺晚会。
如今虽然饱受形式内容老套的诟病,但依然是大年夜一大家子围坐在沙发上,感受亲情、分享喜乐的重要过年项目。
23:
00-24:
00
OfferingIncenseandPraying
上香祈福
Nearthemidnight,thesoundoftheGalahasbeenalreadycoveredbythethunderoffireworksoutside.Atthemoment,allthefamilymembersgototollNewYearbellsandofferincenseat24:
00inanearbytemple.Everyyear,largetemplesindifferentregionsholdgrandSpringRitualforBlessingsonNewYear’sEve.Peopleputtheirpalmstogetherdevoutlyandprayforawonderfulnewyearatthecrowdedtemple.Suchactivitywilllasttotheendofthefirstdayoftheyear.
临近午夜,电视机里的声音早已被窗外震耳的炮竹声盖过,人们便扶老携幼全家出动,到附近的寺庙撞新年钟、上子时〔零点〕香。
每年除夕夜,各地大型的寺庙都将举行盛大的新春祈福法会,在人头窜动的寺庙中,人们虔诚地双手合十,祈愿来年的美好。
这样的活动也将跨过零点,持续大年初一整日。
正月初一
January1oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
New-YearVisitsandCollectingFortune
VisitingrelativesisstillconsideredamajoreventonthefirstdayofthefirstLunarmonth.Also,itisthebirthdayof“broom”,soitistabootousebroomortakeouttrash,otherwise,youmightsweepawaygoodfortunesandsufferfinanciallosses.
习俗:
拜年聚财
延续自大年夜,拜年依然是大年初一的重要活动。
另外由于这天是“扫把星”的生日,正月初一要注意不能动用扫帚,也不要丢垃圾,否则就会扫走运气、破财。
正月初二
January2oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
MarriedDaughtersReturntoParents’Home
Marrieddaughtersvisittheirparentswiththeirhusbandsonthisday,sothisdayisalsocalled“welcomeson-in-lawday”.Thecouplemustbringsomegiftsandredenvelopesalongwiththem,andgivethemtochildrenfromthewife’ssideofthefamily.Theyhavetoreturnhusband’sfamilybeforedinner.
习俗:
回娘家
出嫁的女儿回娘家,要与丈夫同行,所以也称“迎婿日”。
这一天,回娘家的女儿必须携带一些礼品和红包,分给娘家的小孩,并且在娘家吃午饭,但要在晚饭前赶回婆家。
正月初三
January3oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
StayingatHome
Accordingtocustom,peopleshouldnotpayvisitstoothersonthethirddayofthefirstlunarmonthasitisverylikelytoquarrelwithothersonthisday.However,thishasalreadybecomeobsolete.ItisarareopportunityforpeopletogetreunitedduringtheSpringFestival,solessandlesspeoplefollowthistradition.
习俗:
忌出门
按照习俗,人们在初三通常不会外出拜年,传说这天容易与人发生争执。
不过这个习俗早已过时,现在人们难得春节团聚,对此已经淡化许多。
正月初四
January4oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
WorshipingtheGodofWealth
ItisthedayforworshippingtheGodofWealth.Inthepast,ifanemployeewasnotinvitedtoworshiptheGodofWealthwiththeboss,he/shehadtoresignaccordingtotheunwrittenrule.
习俗:
祭财神
今天是及财神的日子,过去,老板想将某人“炒鱿鱼”,这天就不请他来拜神,对方也就心知肚明,自己收拾走人。
正月初五
January5oftheLunarCalendar
Custom:
BreakingFive
Itisthedayto“driveawayfiveghostsof poverty”
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- 关 键 词:
- 地道 过年 习俗 小年 元宵
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