短文改错专题复习.docx
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短文改错专题复习.docx
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短文改错专题复习
短文改错专题复习
[复习讲义]
英语复习短文改错专题
nmet短文改错的解题基本思路应该是:
一.以句为单位,找行中错误,每行必有一个判断(错词、多词、少词和正确),而判断的依据一定是上下文,最小单位是一个完整的句子。
二.以篇为单位,找句中错误。
许多时候,就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确,错误何在,而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句,进而对该行作出判断。
具体解题过程中,应该注意把握九个一致问题:
一.时态一致短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文,特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。
例1.myfavoritesportisfootball.iwasamemberofourfootballteam.(nmet’98)全文都是一般现在时,此句中was虽然与上下问不一致,应改为am。
例2.irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.(nmet’XX)
此处为一描述过去事件的语境,应与前文remembered保持一致,须改为calmed。
例3.today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.(nmet’93)第一个is与时间状语today保持一致,地第二个is则应改为was,使之与其时间状语inthepast一致。
二.主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。
例4.nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.
(nmet’XX)主语为aandb时,谓语动词一般为复数,应改为are。
例5.thenewboyorgirlinschoolquicklybecomeoneoftheclassafterafewgames.(nmet’93)主语为aorb时,应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数,become应改为becomes.
例6.playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrong…(nmet’98)此处与例4,例5不同,谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致,为正确的用法,而play须改playing才可与此处其它部分一致。
三.平行一致
notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…以及and,but,or等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
在平行结构中,词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。
例7.playingfootballnotonlymakes…butalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.(nmet’98)依据平行一致原则,此处give应与前文makes保持一致,改为gives.
例8.itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.(nmet’96)此句中的drove应与前文tomeet保持平行,故改为drive。
四.数的一致名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致
例9.westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,
chinese…(nmet’97)quiteafew只修饰复数名词,保持一致,subject应改为subjects.
例10.they…askedmelotsofquestion.(nmet’96)与lotsof保持一致的只能是复数名词,应改为questions.
五.主饰一致句中的主要词(中心词)应与其修饰词间保持一致。
共16页,当前第1页12345678910111213141516
除了例9,例10外,还有
例11.…sothati’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.(nmetXX)
all若修饰可数名词时,其后名词应为复数。
subject该为subjects。
例12.shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedme
success.(nmetXX)all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上,故schoolmate应为schoolmates.
例13.unfortunate,therearetoomanypeople…(nmet’99)
unfortunate应作状语,修饰整个句子,此时应为副词unfortunately才可保持一致。
例14.i’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.(nmet’95)修饰名词,应为awonderfultime.
六.指代一致用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性上与上下文保持一致。
例15.thesmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.
(nemt’96)thesmiths为一复数概念,故指代词也应为第三人称复数their.
例16.iliveinbeijing,whereisthecapitalofchina.(nmet’97)
此处应为作主语的关系代词which.
例17.andican’tforgetthefoodyoucookedfori.(nmet’95)
此处i应作介词的宾语,故改为me才可保持一致。
七.语态一致句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。
例18.booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.(nemt’94)
与其主语books相对应,此处应为被动语态,故keep应改为kept。
八.搭配一致句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。
例19.ifeltsonervousasishooklikealeaf.(nmet’XX)后
跟从句,保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。
as改为that.
例20.ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(nmet’97)
lookforwardto中to是介词,其后应为动名词hearing。
例21.butitdidn’tmatterthatiwouldwinornot.(nmet’XX)
与其后ornot保持一致时应用whether。
例22.ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters---inanyotherwords,iamanonlychild.(nmetXX)
inanyotherwords意为“换言之”,应为inotherwords。
九.逻辑一致
这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误,检查时应通篇考虑,重点在连词、代词,肯定与否定,及相对应的动词如come与go等。
例23.shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.(nmet’XX)
上下文看,应为she---myenglishteacher微笑且点头鼓励我,but应为and。
例24.nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.(nmet’99)
从上文可知,因为无电视可看,人人都只好读书,someone改为everyone或everybody.
例25.andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.(nmet’98)通读全文,都是用第一人称,这时突然用到they,显然不一致,应改为we.
[实战演练一]
⑴mostfamiliesinchinahopedtheirsinglechildrenwill76._______共16页,当前第2页12345678910111213141516
haveahappyfuture,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren.77._______
sodoteachersinschools!
manychildrenaregivensomuch78._______
homeworkthattheyhavehardlyanysparetimehavesports.79._______
thechildrenareforbiddentodoanythingbuttostudy.no80._______
wondersomanychildrenaretiredoflessons.someeven81._______
attackorkillhisparentsandteachers!
ibelievemanypeople82._______
alreadyreadthiskindofnewsinnewspapersormagazines.83._______
shouldn’twedrawlessonfromtheaccidents?
nowour84._______
governmentismakingoutaplantosolvetheeducationproblems.85._______
⑵nowadays,almosteveryfamilyhastvset,andalmost76._______
everyonelikeswatchingtv.tvhasbecomepartofourlives.77._______
tvhasmanyadvantages,forexample,itinformsusthe78._______
latestnewswhichishappeningintheworld;itcanopenour79._______
eyes,enlargeourknowledgeandalsohelpustoseemore80._______
abouttheworld.but,italsohassomedisadvantages.people81.______
wastetoomuchtimeinwatchingtvandhisnormallife82._______
andworkareaffected.tothechildrenwhotheyspendtoo83._______
muchtimeinwatchingtv,itcandoharmfultotheirsight84._______
andhealthy.soweshouldcontrolthetimeofwatchingtv.85._______
⑶afewmonthsafterreturningtheusfromgermany,itook76._______
partinacollegecourseinfrench.sinceihavelearned77._______
tosaygermanwellingermany,ithoughtitmightbe78.______
interestedtobeginstudyinganotherlanguage.atthe79._______共16页,当前第3页12345678910111213141516
firstclass,theteacheraskedustodoapronunciation80._______
exerciseinithewouldsayawordortwoinfrench,and81._______
eachstudentwoulddotheirbesttocopy.whenhegotto82._______
me,hekepthavingmetosaymorewords,andi83.______
finallyaskedhimwhy.“ifinditgreatfun,”sheexplained84._______
it.“in25yearsofteachingatschool,it’sthefirsttime85._______
i’veheardanamericanspeakfrenchwithagermanaccent.”
⑷thehuaiheriverhasbeenseriouspolluted.dayandnigh76._______ millionsoftonsofwastewaterisbeingpoureddowntofrom77._______hundredsoffactories.thewastewaterisharmful.atpresent78._______thereisnofishinit.theriverwatercannotbedrunk.peoplein79._______
eitherbankhavetodigwellstotakedrinkingwater.thehuaihe80._______
riverissuchdirtyandpoisonousthatpeopledon’tdareswim81._______init.somethingmustbedonetostoppingthepollution.the82._______governmentandthepeopleneartherivermusttrytoclearwater83._______
assoonaspossible.nowspecialattentionhaspaidtothe84._______
pollutionbythegovernmentandmorescientists.thepollution85._______
willbepreventedinthenearfuture.
⑸dearabby,
howareyou?
todayi’vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou.76._______
ihaveofferedascholarshipatauniversityinaustraliaformy77._______
furthereducation.onehundredandtwentystudentstookexam78._______
forit,butonlyafewwaschosenandiwasoneofthem.however,79._______
myparentsarenothappyaboutit.theyarestrongagainstme80._______共16页,当前第4页12345678910111213141516
goingthere.theysayitistoofarawaythattheywillnotseeme81._______
forawholeyearandtheyareafraidofiwillfeellonely.they82._______
can’timagineagirlsoyounglivealone.theyadvisemetostudy83._______
inthecapitalinstead.theni’llbeabletocontinuelivingwith84._______
them.howcanipersuadethemtoacceptthefactihavegrownup?
85._______bestwishes,
jane
⑹aperson’sagenolongertellsyousomethingabout76.________hissocialposition,marriageorhealthy.there’snolonger,77.________
aparticularyearwhichonegoestoschoolorgoesto78.________
workorgetsmarriedorstartafamily.thesocialclock79.________
thatkeptusontimeandtolduswhengotoschool,get80.________
ajob,orstopworkingisn’tasstrongasitwasusedtobe.81.________
itdoesn’tsurpriseustoheara28-year-olduniversity82.________
presidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,or70-year-old83.________
manwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.whatwe84.________
allknow,public’sideasarechangingnowadays.85.________
⑺itisdifficultforparentstoteachyourchildrentoberesponsible76.________
(有责任的)forhousework,butwithoneofthefollowedsuggestions,77.________共16页,当前第5页12345678910111213141516
youreallycangetyourchildrenhelpyouathome.ifyougiveyour78.________
childrentheimpressionwhichtheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,79.________
thentheywillregardthemselvesunfitorunablepersons.unlessthey80.________
believetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependence.81.________
don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.talkabout82.________
whatthey’vedoneright,butaboutwhattheyhaven’tdone.ifyour83.________
childrencompleteadifficulttask,reward(酬劳)himwithasunday84.________
triporaballgameofdad.85.________
⑻beforeiwenttoseniormiddleschool,somepeoplestold76._______
me.“alifeofseniormiddleschoolisunforgettable.”77._______
whileifirstenteredmyseniormiddleschool,everything78._______
seemedunpleasant.faceallthestrangethingsaroundme,79._______
ioftenmissmyoldfriendsandclassmates.ididn’twant80._______
totalkothersormakefriendswithothers.littlebylittle,my81._______
schoolrecordwentfrombadtoworse,especiallymy82._______
maths.icouldn’tevenpasstheexam.ilosttheheartand83._______
missedthehappytimesalldaylong.itoldme,“idon’t84._______
belongtoit.idon’tlikethelifehere.”85._______
⑼tomanddickarenextdoorneighbourwhowork76.________共16页,当前第6页12345678910111213141516
inthesameofficesotheywalkedtogethertoandfrom77.________
office.somedayastheywerewalkinghometogetherit78.________
suddenstartedtorain.tomquicklyopenedhisumbrella79.________
andsaid,“mywifesurelyhasforesight(预见).shesaid80.________
onthismorningitwouldrainandtoldmetocarrymy81.________
umbrellawithme.”dicksmiledandwalkedtohim,said,82._
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