定语从句复习.docx
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定语从句复习.docx
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定语从句复习
定语从句
一.三要素
1.找准先行词
1)Isthisfactory_________wevisitedlastweek?
2)Isthisthefactory__________wevisitedlastweek?
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.theone
3)IreadafunnystorywhenIwasatschool,__________Istillrememberclearly
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
.2.引导词的三大功能
(I)连接主句和从句。
(2)代替先行词(以免重复)。
(3)在定语从句中充当句子成分。
如:
IlostthebookwhichIboughtyesterday. (which在定语从句中作宾语)
(whichIboughtyesterday=Iboughtthebookyesterday.)。
引导词
1.引导词的选择
Isthisthefactory________makesTVsets?
Theman__________visitedourschoolisfromAustralia.
Gonearethedays__________wespenttogetherinthevillage.
Heistheman____________Ithinktobeworthyofourpraise.
Thedayfinallycame__________Iwasgivenajob.
We'llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,______wewon'tbesobusy.
Pleaseputtheletteronthedesk_____________hecaneasilyfindit.
Thisisthereason_______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.
Achild_________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
Pleasepassmethedictionary________coverisblack.
Theway____________thelooksatproblemsiswrong.
Istillremembertheday____IfirstcametoBeijing.
Thatisthehouse_________helivedtenyearsago.
Iknowthereason____________)shewassoangry.
Istillrememberthedays_____wespenttogether.
Istillrememberthedays__________weworkedtogether.
Thisisthefactory________wevisitedlastyear.
Thisisthefactory________weworkedtogetherlastyear.
Idon’tknowthereason___________hedidn’tdohishomework.
Idon’tknowthereason___________hetoldyou1.
2.!
)
That______youborrowedfrommewasn'tarealdiamondnecklace.
Themethodwith_______yousolvedtheproblemisverygood.
2) ①
Thisisthebestplace__________Ihaveevervisited.
Thesecondquestion________isaskediswhywedon'tfallofftheearth.
②
Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.
③:
Hetoldusaboutthepeopleandthecities_______hehadvisited.
④ Thisistheverycoat_______Ineed.
Isoxygenthe_______gasthathelpsfireburn?
⑤Whichisthebook_______youboughtyesterday?
⑥先行词在从句中作表语(常在be动词后面)时,常用that引导。
如:
Shanghaiisnolongerthecity_______itusedtobeinthe1930's.
⑦当主句是Therebe...句型时,用that引导。
Therearetwoticketsforthefilm_______areforyoutwo.
3 Myglasses,without________Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.
Theman,by________thewolfwasshot,iscalledJackson.
三.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.(2007重庆卷)
A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich
2.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(2005天津卷)
A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what
3.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection______shehadcome.(2006重庆卷)
A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich
4.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,______wantedtobuyit.(2007安徽卷)
A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
●“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
在此结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose。
但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,尤其在口语中。
如:
1)Doyouknowthegirltowhomourteacherwastalking?
=Doyouknowthegirl(that/who/whom)ourteacherwastalkingto?
2)Theschool(that/which)mybrotheroncestudiedinisveryfamous.
=Theschoolinwhichmybrotheroncestudiedisveryfamous.
●要确定关系代词前用什么介词,可以根据:
(1)定语从句中动词和什么介词搭配
(2)先行词常和什么介词搭配。
如:
Mymothermissedherbestfriendwithwhomsheworkedinheryouth.
TheEnglishplayinwhichmystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
●listento,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof,lookfor,lookafter,lookat等固定短语,在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。
如:
ThisistheoldladywhomHaroldhastakencareof.
●“介词+关系代词”前有some,any,none,neither,both,all,most,each,few等代词或者数词时,可构成由“名词(代词、数词)+of+which/whom”来引导的定语从句。
如:
Therearethirtystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefromvillages.
【高考链接】从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,_____hefoundajobinabigcompany.
(2007辽宁卷)
A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis
2.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(2005广东卷)
A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that
3.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,______wegavesomebellsandglasses.(2006湖南卷)
A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich
4.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_____Ireallyenjoyed.(2006浙江卷)
A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which
5.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop_____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.
(2005湖南卷)
A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how
【小试】
一、根据句子意思,在下列句子的第一个空白处填入介词,在第二个空白处填入关系代词whom或which。
1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowistheheadmasterthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingismine.
3.Hillary,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings________________IwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.Thestoriesaboutthecivilwar,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
二、选用适当的关系代词(who,which,whose,that)或关系副词(when,where,why)填空。
7.Doyouknowanyone________knowsaboutthehistoryofthepyramids?
8.WehavevisitedtheMuseumofChineseHistory,________ChairmanMao’slifeanddeedsarebeingshown.
9.We’llneverforgettheday________myfriendscametoseemeinhospital.
10.Thisistheman________sondiedinthewar.
11.Idon’tknowthereason________shedidn’tagreetoourstudyplan.
1.在由关系副词when和where,why引导的定语从句可以与"介词+关系词"结构可以同互换。
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
Thisisthehouse__________Ilivedtwoyearsago.
Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
Doyouremembertheday__________youjoinedourclub?
2介词+which/whom引导的定语从句中介词的选择
⒈①Doyouknowthespeed______whichthecarisrunning?
②Hebuiltatelescope_________whichhecouldstudytheskies.(L4,SBI)
⒉①Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson_______whomshecouldturnforhelp.
②Theauthor________whomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourcompany.
⒊①Icannotremembertheage______whichhewontheprize.
②Thatistheage____whichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappiness.
⒋①Thisisthebus____which(=where)theincidenthappened.
②Thisisthebus____whichIcametothistown.
四.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.区别①
ThisisthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.
Hisdog,whichwasveryold,becameillanddied.
②
Thisisthehospitalwherehewasoperatedonafewmonthsago.
Thesun,whichsisveryhot,givesalotofenergy
③
Shehasasisterwhoisamusician.(限制性定语从句)
Shehasasister,whoisamusician.(非限制性定语从句)
2.先行词是整个主句时,用which/as引导非限制性从句。
如:
Hemarriedher,which/aswasnatural.
注:
which和as引导非限制性定语从句时有区别。
①(位置上)as从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾,而which从句不能放在句首。
如:
Aswehadseen,oceanscovermorethan70%percentoftheearth.
②(词义上)as有“正如,好象”之义,习惯上常与表示感知的动词或形容词连用,多构成固定表达,常见的有Asiswellknown,Asweknow,Aswasexpected等。
而which(这时表示“这”或“这一点”)引导的非限制性定语从句无此惯例。
如:
Asisknowntous,themoongoesroundtheearth.
Jackcamelateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.
先行词是thesame,such或被thesame,such,as修饰时,引导词只能用as.(构成the
same…as,such…as和as…as等结构)。
Studentssuchasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.
Ihavethesametroubleinpronunciationasyou(have).
Pollutionissuchabigproblemasconcernsthewholemankind.
Wehaverepairedthemachine(in)thesamewayasthey(have).
Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.
注:
先行词被thesame修饰,可以跟as,也可以跟that作关系代词,但是意义有区别。
比较:
That’sthesamewatchasIlostyesterday.
That’sthesamewatchthatIlostyesterday.
五.其它考点
1.“名词/代词+ofwhich/whom”一般引导非限制性定语从句,指部分和全体的关系,
Shehasthreesons,twoof________areteachers.
=Shehasthreesonsandtwoof_______areteachers.
2.________shesaidistrue.=________shesaidistrue.她说的是真的。
定语从句专项练习
一.用引导词填空
1.Thisisthelab________wasbuiltlastyear.
2.Youmustwatchcarefullyeverything________theteacherdoesinclass.
3.Thisistheverybook________Iamlookingfor.
4.Whichisthebook_______youwant?
5.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthethings________theycanremember.
6.________youknow,heisagoodcomrade.
7.Heisagoodcomrade,________makesushappy.
8.Ihavethesameclothes________youhave.
9.Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm________thisoneis.
10.Thisisthedoctor________weusuallyhear.
11.Ihaveneverseensointerestingafilm________thisoneis.
12.Thecollege________hissisterstudiesisintheeastofthecity.
13.Thisisthebestcomposition________Ihavewritten.
14.Idon’tknowthereason________hefailed.
15.Isthereanyonehere________speaksGerman?
16.Thecopybook,________isontheshelf,isveryuseful.
17.Isthisthebook________youwant?
18.Isthisbook________youwant?
19.Thisisthefactory________heworkedthreeyearsago.
20.Thisfactoryistheone________heworkedthreeyearsago.
21.Thesun,________risesintheeast,isread.
22.Doyoustillrememberthedays________wespenttogether.
23.Doyoustillrememberthedays________weworkedtogether.
24.Whoistheperson________toldyout
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