托福阅读理解练习.docx
- 文档编号:26253502
- 上传时间:2023-06-17
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:24
- 大小:29.78KB
托福阅读理解练习.docx
《托福阅读理解练习.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《托福阅读理解练习.docx(24页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
托福阅读理解练习
ReadingComprehension
PassageOne
Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeinagreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists”.Andthese“generalists”areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople’swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist―-andespeciallytheadministrator—-dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”man;andhumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinaparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareeraccordingly.
Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou――butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyour-selfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.
1.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor______.
A.all-roundpeopleintheirownfield
B.peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople’swork
C.generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional
D.specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers
2.Thespecialistis________.
A.amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople
B.amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefield
C.amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees
D.amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters
3.Theadministratoris_______.
A.a“trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist
B.amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest
C.amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities
D.amanwhoisan“educated”specialist
4.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant______.
A.totrytobeageneralist
B.tochooseaprofitablejob
C.tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou
D.todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist
5.Aman’sfirstjob__________.
A.isnevertherightjobforhim
B.shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob
C.shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob
D.isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljobBDCDB
PassageTwo
Therearefewpartsoftheworldwhereeducationisnotacontroversialissue.Incountrieswithhighunemploymentitmaybeapassporttooneofthefewgoodjobsavailablefortheirchildren.ParticularcontroversyattachestoeducationinWesterncountriesincludingthefollowing:
Dochildrenofallbackgroundsgetafairdeal?
Doboyshaveabettereducationthangirls?
Arechildrenfromdifferentreligious,ethnicandsocialgroupsgiventhesameopportunitiesasothers?
Shouldchildrenattendselectiveschoolsaccordingtotheirability,orshouldallattendacommonhighschoolorcomprehensiveschool?
Andwithintheschoolshouldtheybetaughtin“streamed”classes—ortobetaughtin“mixedability”classes?
Inaddition,thespeedoftechnologicalchangeissuchthateducationhastochangerapidly.Thedevelopmentofradio,television,themicrocomputerandtheinteractivevideodischasalreadyinfluencedthewaypeoplelearnandcontinuetodoso.Withasourceofelectricalpowerandatelephonelink,eventheremotestareascanhaveaccesstothegreateststoreofinformationintheworld.
Furthermore,themanyrapidchangesinsocietyandtherealizationthathumanbeingsarecapableoflearningthroughoutthelives—evenintooldage—havecombinedtoproduceademandforpermanenteducationalopportunities.Inthe21stcenturypeoplewillneedtobeabletolearnthroughouttheirlives,notjustduringthebriefyearsofcompulsoryschooling.
6.WhichofthefollowingquestionscanbeaddedtothecontroversyinPara.1?
A.Isteachers’markingfair?
B.Isitnecessarytohavekeyschools?
C.Dowehaveenoughqualifiedteachers?
D.Istheretoomuchexaminationineducation?
7.Ifchildrenaretaughtinstreamedclasses,theyare___________.
A.groupedaccordingtotheirabilityB.taughtsomeparticularsubjects
C.lookedasbeststudentsC.arebetterthanordinarystudents
8.Itcanbeinferredthatthepresenteducationsystemisnotsosatisfactory,because___.
A.itcannotprovidelife-longeducation
B.itdoesnotprovideequalopportunitiesforall
C.itdoesnothaveenoughmoderntechnology
D.itcannotacceptoldpeopleineducation
9.Beforetheintroductionofthemoderntechnologyintoeducation,oneofthemostdifficultproblemsforeducatorstotacklewas__________.
A.tochangethewaypeopleusedtolearn
B.tomaketheprovisionofeducationfair
C.tomakethelearningmoreinteractive
D.toprovideeducationtochildreninremoteareas
10.Moreandmoreoldpeoplewillcomebacktoeducation,because__________.baadd
A.theywanttofindnewjobs
B.theywanttobemoreusedtoarapidlychangingsociety
C.theyhavemoretimetostudy
D.theywanttosatisfytheirneedtolearn
PassageThree
Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitive(认知的)areassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.
Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmoreratherthanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.
Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarilytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectoroftheNationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.”Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskills,bothbecausetheyenjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.
GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays,“Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”
11.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose_______________________.
A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation
B.whoarehighlyintelligent
C.whosemindsarealertandreceptive
D.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentsounds
12.AccordingtoFozard’sargument,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby_______________________.
A.constantlydoingmemorywork
B.takingpartinvariousmentalactivities
C.goingthroughspecifictraining
D.makingfrequentadjustments
13.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork________________.
A.remainatheorytobefurtherproved
B.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts
C.havebeengenerallyaccepted
D.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves
14.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto_________________.
A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities
B.keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrains
C.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining
D.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities
15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
cbdab
A.Howbiochemicalchangeoccurinthehumanbrain.
B.Whypeopleshouldkeepactivenotonlyphysicallybutalsomentally.
C.Howintellectualactivitiesinfluencebrain-cellhealth.
D.Whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage.
PassageFour
AlbertEinsteinonceattributedthecreativityofafamousscientisttothefactthathe“neverwenttoschool,andthereforepreservedtheraregiftofthinkingfreely.ThereisundoubtedlytruthinEinstein’sobservation:
manyartistsandgeniusesseemtoviewtheirschoolingasadisadvantage.Butsuchatruthisnotacriticismofschools.Itisthefunctionofschoolstocivilize,nottotrainexplorers.Theexplorerisalwaysalonelyindividualwhetherhisorherpioneeringbeinart,music,science,ortechnology.ThecreativeexplorerofunmappedlandsshareswiththegeniuswhatWilliamJamesdescribedasthe“facultyofperceivinginanunhabitualway”.Insofarasschoolsteachperceptualpatternstheytendtodestroycreativityandgenius.Butifschoolscouldsomewhatexistsolelytocultivategenius,thensocietywouldbreakdown,forthesocialorderdemandsunityandwidespreadagreement,bothtr
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 托福 阅读 理解 练习
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)