英语论文论《警察与赞美诗》中反讽的运用doc.docx
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英语论文论《警察与赞美诗》中反讽的运用doc.docx
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英语论文论《警察与赞美诗》中反讽的运用doc
论《警察与赞美诗》中反讽的运用
TheuseofironyinTheCopandtheAnthem
Contents
摘要…………………………………………………………...Ⅰ
Abstract………………………………………………………Ⅱ
Introduction…………………………………………………...1
1.Briefintroductionoftheauthorandthenovel…………...2
1.1briefintroductionoftheauthor…………………………………...2
1.2theauthor’swritingstyle………………………………………….2
2.Thestatementofirony……………………………………...4
3.TheuseofironyinTheCopandtheAnthem……………...7
3.1Soapy’swayofwinteringandhisthoughts………………………7
3.2Soapy’ssixbackfiredactions…………………………………….9
3.3cops’dutyandpeople’sviewofcops…………………………...11
3.4Soapy’sviewofcops’irresponsibility…………………………...13
3.5Soapyhasbeeninfluencedbyanthemanddecidetoturnoveranewleaf,butisarrested………………………………………......14
Conclusion…………………………………………………...17
Notes…………………………………………………………..18
Bibliography…………………………………………………19
Acknowledgements
摘要
情景反讽作为一种主要的描写手法在欧·亨利《警察与赞美诗》中的运用成功地推动了小说情节的发展,增加了小说的戏剧性悬念,使小说的人物形象更加丰满。
本文将剖析小说中的情景反讽的实例,以指出小说中情景反讽的反复运用表达了欧·亨利对当时美国资本主义社会中不合理的现象的抨击,还表达了作者对下层劳动人民的同情。
作者将情景反讽贯穿于故事的开头、发展和结尾,揭露了资本主义社会的矛盾虚伪和黑白颠倒的本质。
关键词:
情景反讽;警察与赞美诗;美国资本主义社会
Abstract
TheadroitmanipulationofsituationalironybyO.HenryinhismasterpieceTheCopandtheAnthemcontributesfirsteffectivelytotheunfoldingoftheplot.Nextitincreasesitssuspenseoftheplots.Last,itenablesthecharactersvivid.InthispaperIwillanalyzeexamplesofsituationalironyinthatstory.TherepetitionoftheuseofsituationalironyexpressesO.Henry’sattackonirrationalphenomenaintheAmericancapitalistsocietyatthattimeandalsohissympathyforthelowerclass.Theauthorappliedthesituationalironiesinthebeginning,developmentandtheendinordertorevealthecontradictory,hypocriticalandtopsy-turvyessenceofthecapitalistsociety.
Keywords:
situationalirony,TheCopandtheAnthem,Americancapitalistsociety
Introduction
O.Henryisconsideredas“FatherofAmericanmodernshortstories”and“Manhattancriticscrownprosewriter”.Hisworkisfullofhumor,hisstoriesareamusing,flippant,flat,bitingandarefilledwithirony,sentiment,andpathos.Oneofhisfamousworks,TheCopandtheAnthemisthemosttypicalone.ThispaperwillrevealitsrhetoricbeautyandthedarknessofthesocietyinO.Henry’stimeinthewayofanalyzingtheuseofironyinTheCopandtheAnthem.
Thepaperfallsintothreeparts.Thefirstpartgivesbriefintroductionoftheauthorandhiswritingstyle.Thesecondpartisthestatementofirony,suchasitsdefinitionandclassification.Thethirdpart,whichisthecoreofthepaper,illustratestheuseofsituationalironyinTheCopandtheAnthemfromfiveperspectivesasfollow:
1.Soapy’swayofwinteringandhisthoughts;2.Soapy’ssixbackfiredaction;3.cops’dutyandpeople’sviewsofcops;4.Soapy’sviewofcops’irresponsibilitywhichdisappointsSoapy;5.Soapyhasbeeninfluencedbyanthemanddecidetoturnoveranewleaf,butisarrested.
ThisthesismainlyhelpstolearnabouttheuseofironyinO.Henry’stime.
1
Briefintroductionoftheauthorandhiswritingstyle
1.1briefintroductionoftheauthor
O.HenrywhoserealnameisWilliamSydneyPorter,ismostcommonlyassociatedwiththeshortstoryandmasterfulironic“O.Henrytwist”(surprisingending).Hehasbeenhailedas“FatherofAmericanmodernshortstories”and“Manhattancriticscrownprosewriter”.Duringhislifetimeheworkedinvariousjobs,includingabookkeeper,adrugstoreclerk,aTexasRanger,anaccountant,adraftsman,abanktellerandanewspapercolumnist,soheknewthecommonpeople’slifestylewell.
1.2theauthor’swritingstyle
IronyisoneofwritingstylesoftraditionalAmericanliterature.WashingtonIrvingisthefirstonetoemploythiswritingstylewithslightironytomakehisstoriesfunnybutmeaningful.MarkTwainisagoodsuccessorwhounveiledthetruthinlifebydescribingexaggeratedimageshumorouslyandcolloquially.YetIrvingShaw’shumorfocusedonthedepictionofcharacters’personality.Intheinfluenceofthosewriters,O.Henryfollowedtheirstyle.Hisworkisfullofhumor,hisstoriesareamusing,flippant,flat,bitingandarefilledwithirony,sentiment,andpathosbutisquitedifferentfromtheirs,filledwithdepressed,miserableandbitterlaughter.
HismajorironicworksareTheChairofPhilanthromathematics,TheCopandTheAnthem,TheFourMillion,ConfessionsOfAHumoristandsoon,amongwhichTheCopandTheAnthemisthemostexemplary.Ironyrunsthroughoutthewholestory.
2
Thestatementofirony
Ironyisafigureofspeechinwhichtheintendedmeaningofthewordsusedisthedirectoppositeoftheirusualsense.Itisabroadtermreferringtotherecognitionofarealitydifferentfromthemaskingappearance.Forexample,“ForyearsthehospitableBlackwell’shadbeenhiswinterquarters.”Asweallknow,Blackwellisaroughprisonthatcommonpeopleareafraidofgoingto.HereO.Henrydescribestheprisonwith“hospital”whichiscompletelyoppositetowhatitreallyis.Thusthestrongsarcasticironyeffectisreached.Ifthewriteruses“rough”,therewillbenosucheffectatall.
Asironyrealizesitseffectsbymeansofexaggeration,understatementandsarcasm,itcanbesubdividedintoverbalirony,dramaironyandsituationalirony.
Firstisverbalirony.Verbalironyisafigureofspeechinwhichtheactualintentisexpressedinwordswhichcarrytheoppositemeaning.Itcontainstwolevelsofmeaning.Whatitactuallymeansisnotdecidedbyitsliteralmeaningbutthecontext,
e.g.Youareeloquentasanoyster.
Infactanoysteriswordless,sohere“eloquent”isintendedtomean“silent”.Inthisway,thespeakercansatirizesomeonewho’salwaystaciturn.
Secondisdramairony.Dramaironyhasaspecialmeaning,referringtoknowledgeheldbytheaudiencebuthiddenfromtherelevantactors.I’llshowyouanexample.
“IhopeTom’sbetteroffwhereheis”,saidSid;“butifhe’dbeeninsomeways---”
“Sid!
”Tomfelttheglaretheoldlady’seye,thoughhecouldnotseeit.“notawordagainstmyTom,nowthathe’sgone!
”
Inthescene,Tomishidingunderthebed,whichiscleartoaudienceexceptSidandTom’saunt.Becauseofthat,Tom’sauntreactssostrongly.Inordinarydays,Tomisanaughtyboyandhisauntalwayscomplainsabouthim.It’sfunnythatTom’sauntissoemotionalcomparedwiththefactthatTomisstillalive.
Thelastoneissituationalironywhichistheironicspiritappliedtoevent,andsituation.Theactualdevelopmentofonesituationisjustoppositetotheexpression.Forexample,
SeveralvacationersattheluxuriousRichelieuApartmentsthereheldahurricanepartytowatchthestormfromtheirspectacularpoint.RichelieuApartmentsweresmashedapartasifbyagiganticfist,and26peopleperished.
Intimeofdanger,peoplestillsoakedthemselvesinvisualenjoymentratherthanrunningaway.Theresultwasthat26peoplewerekilledwhichwasabsolutelyoutoftheirexpectations.
ThereareaseaofironiesinTheCopandtheAnthem,especiallysituationalironies.Detailedanalysisaboutthesituationalironiesusedinthisnovelwillbegivennext.
3
TheuseofironyinTheCopandtheAnthem
ItisthesituationalironythatisusedinTheCopandtheAnthem.Becauseitisappliedthroughoutthebeginning,thedevelopmentandtheend,anunexpectedeffecthasbeenachieved.Theanalysisandtheunderstandingofsituationalironycanhelpenablereaderstoenjoyliteraturebetter,toknowmoreaboutthetemptationfortheauthorsandtoimprovetheirtasteinliterature.Hereisthedetailedanalysisaboutthesituationalironiesinthisnovel.
3.1Soapy’swayofwinteringandhisthoughts
ThehibernatorialambitionsofSoapywerenotofthehighest.InthemtherewerenoconsiderationsofMediterraneancruisesofsoporificSouthernshiesordriftingintheVesuvianBay.ThreemonthsontheIslandwaswhathissoulcraved.Threemonthsofassuredboardandbedandcongenialcompany,safefromBoreasandblue-coats,seemedtoSoapytheessenceofthingsdesirable.[1]P65
Forallanimals,itiscertainthatstoringfoodandlookingforaplaceforwinteringbeforewinterareexcessivelynecessary,letaloneforadvancedhumanbeings.Aswinterisaroundthecorner,winteringintheprisonisobviouslynotanobleandreasonableideaforpeoplewithfourstronglimbslikeSoapy,thoughhehasnoplacetolivewithoutacashinhispocket.What’smore,everyoneknowswhataprisonisusedfor—aplaceforholdingprisoners.Aprisononlycouldprovidetheprisonerswiththemostbasicevenquitebadaccommodations,soaprisoncanneverbeaplacemenhavebeenlongingfor.Yetinthenovel,it’sabigironythattheauthorcomparedSoapy’sridiculousideatotheessenceofthingsdesirable.
Wemayknowfromthenovel,atthattimethereisnolackofAmericanaidagencies,andphilanthropistsarenotinasmallnumber.ThusitshouldbesaidthatthereisnoneedforSoapytolivesuchanawkwardlife.NeverthelesswhywouldSoapyrathergotoprisonthanacceptrelief?
ItturnsoutthatinSoapy’sopinionthelawwasmorebenignthanphilanthropy.Ifnotincornyoumustpayinhumiliationofspiritforeverybenefitreceivedatthehandsofphilanthropy.TheconflictbetweenSoapy’sstrangeideaandtherealityexposesthehypocrisyofthecapitalistswithphilanthropists’masks.OnceO.HenryseverelycriticizedthosesanctimoniouscapitalistsinTheChairofPhilanthromathematics.O.Henrysaid:
“Whenamanswindlesthepublicoutofacertainamounthebeginstogetscaredandwantstoreturnpartofit.Andifyou’llwatchcloseandnoticethewayhischarityrunsyou’llseethathetriestores
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