brief introduction of the temple of heaven.docx
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brief introduction of the temple of heaven.docx
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briefintroductionofthetempleofheaven
TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest
TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest
ThehighlightoftheTempleofHeavenistheHallofPrayerforGdodHarvest.Thehallwasoriginallybuiltin1420basedonamodeloftheTempleofHeavenandEarthinNanjing.Atthattime,itwascalledtheHallofGreatSacrifice.In1530,theTempleofEarthwasbuiltinthenorthernpartofBeijing,soonlyheavenwasworshippedhere.Thehallwasrestoredin1751andgivenitspresentname.In1889,lightningcausedextensivefiredamagetothehall,butfortunatelyitwasreconstructed.
TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest
Thehallisacone-shapedstructurewithtripleeaves.Originally,thetripleeaveswerepaintedindifferentcolors.Thetopwasblue,whichsymbolizedHeaven,themiddlewasyellowtosymbolizetheemperorandthebottomwasgreentorepresentcommoners.DuringtheEmperorQianlong'sreign(1736-1795),alltheeaveswerepaintedbluetofollowthecolorofthesky.
TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest
Asixmeterhigh,triple-tieredcircularstoneterraceformsthebaseofthestructure.Thehallis32metershighand30metersindiameter.Inthepast,thehallwasoneofthehighestbuildingsinBeijing.Despiteitssize,only28massivewoodenpillarssupporttheentirestructure.
TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest
Anumberofwoodenbars,lathsandbracketsjointheentirestructuretogether.Steelandcementwerenotused.ThefourlargepillarsinthecenterareknownastheDragonWellPillarswitheachpillarrepresentingoneofthefourseasons.Theother24pillarsarearrangedintwocirclessurroundingthefourcentralones.The12innerpillarsrepresentthe12monthsoftheyearandthe12outerpillarsrepresentthedivisionsofdayandnight.
Theceilingframeworkisextremelyintricate.Thefirstorthelowestroofrestsonacircularframeworkthatissupportedbythe24outerpillars.Thesecondroofpartiallyrestsonthe12innerpillarsandpartiallyinthecircleitselfwhichissupportedbycrossbeamsthatareconnectedtothefourDragonWellPillars.Thethirdandhighestroofrestsonthefourcentralpillarsandoneightshorterpillarsthatarebuiltonthesamecircularframework.Adragoniscarvedintothecenteroftheceilinganditrepresentssupremepowerandroyalty.
TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest
AroundmarblestonecalledthedragonandPhoenixstoneliesinthecenteroftheroom.Itsnamecomesfrompatternofthestonewhichresemblesadragonandphoenix.
Thetabletsofheavenandthetabletsofdeademperorarefoundontheplatforms.Thetabletsofheavenareinthecenter.Silkfabrics,jadecarvings,fruitwinesandothersuchitemswereplacedinfrontofeachtabletasanoffering.Also,apig,sheeporacowwassacrificedateachceremony.
TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest
Rectangular,blue-roofedbuildingsstoodoneithersideofthecourtyard.Thesebuildingsoriginallyservedasannexes;however,thewestbuildingisnowasouvenirshopandtheeastoneisanexhibitionroomforallthemusicalinstrumentsusedintheceremony.
TheHallofZenithislocatedonthelowerlevelnorthoftheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest.ThetabletsfortheceremonyofprayerwereusuallykeptintheHallofZenith.Therearemanywaxstatutesthatillustratewhatanimperialceremonywaslike.
Earthlymount(TheCircularMoundAltar)
OutofEarthlymount
TheCircularMoundAltar,whichwasbuiltin1530andenlargedin1740.Therearetwowallswallsthatencirclethealtar.Bothwallsarepaintedredandsurroundedbybluetiles.Eachwallrepresentssomethingdifferent.Theroundinnerwallrepresentsheavenwhilethesquareouterwallrepresentsearth.
AftertheEmperorsignedthedeclarationthatwouldbereadtoheavenoutsidethesquarewall,heproceededtotheterrace.
Earthlymount
Inthesoutheastcorner,pineandcypressbrancheswereburnedinthegreen-tiledoventowelcomethegodsfromheaven.Tobidfarewelltothegods,humansacrificeswereburnedintheoven.NexttotheovenisaspecialpitcalledthePitofHairandBloodbecausethehairandbloodofthesacrificialvictimswereburiedhere.
Earthlymount
Inthesouthwestcorner,aplatformtoholdalanternpolecanbeseen.Thepolewasbuiltin1530butitslengthchangedseveraltimes.Originally,agoldendragononabluebackgroundwaspaintedonthepole,later,thecolorofbackgroundwaschangedtored.ThepolewaslastredecoratedbyYuanShikai,thewarlordmadethelastsacrificetoHeaven.
TheCircularMoundiscomprisedofthreeroundwhitemarbleterraces.Eachoneisedgedwithamarblebalustrade.ThebottommarbleterracerepresentsHell,themiddleterracerepresentstheMortalWorldandthetopterracerepresentsHeaven.
Earthlymount
AroundmarblestonecalledthedragonandPhoenixstoneliesinthecenteroftheroom.Itsnamecomesfrompatternofthestonewhichresemblesadragonandphoenix.
Andakindofancientyardstickwasusedtomeasurethelengthin"Zhang"(one"Zhang"isalittlelessthan3.5metres),theUpperterraceis9"Zhang"(30metres)indiameter,themiddleterraceis15"Zhang"(50metres)indiameterandthebottomterrace21"Zhang"(70metres)indiameter,andthenumbers1X9=9;3X5=15;3X7=21,includeallthesocalled"Heavenlynumbers"1,3,5,7,9;andthetotalnumberofthethreeterracesis45,theresultof9X5,whichisincompleteconformitywith"theSupremenumberofnineandfive"inthe"BookofChanges".ThearrangementofputtingnumbernineandfivetogetherwasusedexclusivelyinChinabytheancientemperors,that'swhyitwasusedhere.
Earthlymount
InthecenteroftheupperterraceistheHeaven'sHeartStonewhichissurroundedbyconcentricallyarrangedflag-stones.Thereare9stonesinthefirstcircle,18inthesecond,27inthethird.Itcontinuesinthismanneruptotheninthcircle,whichhas81stones.Themiddleandbottomterracesalsohave9circleseach.Thetotalnumberofthemarbleflagstonesonthesurfaceis3,402,andeachterracehasfourentrancesandaflightofninestepsleadingdownineverydirection.
Earthlymount
Thetotalnumberofthecarvedbalustradesontheseterracesis360,whichisalsothemultipliesof9.Itstandsforthe360degreesofcircumferenceofheaven.
Duringeachceremony,theshrineofgodwasplacedonthecentralSupremeStone,whichsymbolizedthatgodlivedabovethe"nineheavens".
Thehighestterraceproducesacuriousacousticeffect.Ifyoustandinthecenteroftheupperterraceandspeak,youwillhearyourvoiceechobackbecausethebalustradessendthesoundbacktothecenter.
Thealtarhaswithstoodthetestoftimefornearly500yearandstandsperfectlypreservedwithoutanycrackingorsagging.
TheImperialVaultofHeaven(HuangqiongYu)
TheGatetoTheImperialVaultofHeaven
NorthoftheCircularMoundAltaristheImperialVaultofHeaven,whichwasoriginallybuiltin1530andrebuilt1752.Itsstructureismadefromwoodandbrickwithabluetiledroofthatistoppedwithagildedball.Itis19.5metershighand15;6metersindiameter.Fromadistance,theImperialVaultofHeavenlookslikeasmallversionoftheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest.
TheImperialVaultofHeaven
Asyoucansee,thebuildingdoesnothaveanyhorizontalbeamsassupport.Theentirebuildingissupportedby8pillarsandaspan-workofbars,lathsandbrackets,whichisincompleteconformitywiththeprinciplesofdynamics.Thedecorativepaintedappearfreshbecausetheywereretouchedin1974.
TheImperialVaultofHeaven
InthecenteroftheImperialVaultofHeavenstandstheshrinewherethetabletofGodofHeavenwasplaced.Therearefourstoneplatformsoneeachsidewherethetabletsoftheemperorseightancestorswerekept.Duringeachwintersolstice,thesetabletswereplacedinasmallpavilion-likecageandremovedtotheCircularMoundfortheWorshippingHeavenceremony.Aftertheceremony,thetabletswerereturnedtothestoneplatforms.
TheImperialVaultofHeaven
AroundmarblestonecalledthedragonandPhoenixstoneliesinthecenteroftheroom.Itsnamecomesfrompatternofthestonewhichresemblesadragonandphoenix.TwochamberslocatedatthefrontoftheImperialVaultofHeavencontaineddifferenttabletsusedforworship.Theleftchambercontainedtabletsofthegodsofbasicelementsincludinggold,wood,water,fireandearth.Therightchambercontainedtabletsofgodsofnaturalphonemenaincludingwind,rain,thunder,lightningandsoon.
TheEchoWall(HuiYinBi)
TheEchoWall
ThewallsurroundingtheImperialVaultofHeavenisthewell-knownHuiyinbi(EchoWall).Itis193.2metersincircumference,3.7metershigh,90centimetersthickand65.1metersindiameter.Whatisinterestingforthewallisthatifonepersonspeaksorevenwhispersatoneend,theotherwouldbeabletohearratherclearlyontheotherend.Thisisprobablybecausetheeavesofthewallandthehermeticallylaidbricksmakehumanvoice“travel”roundthewalleasily.
TheEchoWall
OutsidethewestsectionoftheEchoWallisanancientcypress,whosetrunktwistslikeninerisingdragons,hencenamedJiulongbai(Nine-DragonCypress).Accordingtoauthentication,itwasplantedduringtheLiaoorJinperiod(916-1234)andhaslivednearly1,000years.AstheoldestcypressinBeijingCity,itisnowstillflourishing.
TheEchoWall
InthecenteroftheImperialVaultofHeavenstandstheshrinewherethetabletofGodofHeavenwasplaced.Therearefourstoneplatformsoneeachsidewherethetabletsoftheemperorseightancestorswerekept.Duringeachwintersolstice,thesetabletswereplacedina
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