翻译理论与实践之汉译英讲义Key.docx
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翻译理论与实践之汉译英讲义Key.docx
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翻译理论与实践之汉译英讲义Key
第1讲汉英词汇比较与翻译
练习1
一、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配。
1.aswarmofbeesabroodofchickensalitterofpups
2.abevyofbeautifulladiesapackofhounds
ateamofducksaherdofantelopes
3.unfailingsupportproactivefiscalpolicy
makeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources
4.makeaphonecalltakeataxiknitawoolensweater
fetchwaterplaybasketballsprayinsecticide
5.basicwagecapitalconstructionessentialcommodity
primaryindustryfundamentalinterest
二、翻译下列句子,注意划线词语的理解。
1.Thetwoleadersexchangedviewsonbilateralrelationsandissuesofcommonconcern.
2.Partymembersshouldlistencarefullytotheopinionsofthegeneralpublic.
3.Theyofferedsomesuggestionsfortherevisionoftheplan.
4.Everyonecomplainedagainstsuchapractice.
5.Theyhadadisputeatthemeeting.
6.Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvice.
7.Theyreachedaconsensusonthisissue.
练习2
一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
1.Thatdependsuponcircumstances.
2.Thisstateofaffairsmustbechanged.
3.Howdomattersstandwiththem?
4.Hepresentsallhisbookstothelibrary.
5.Ateachershoulddevotehimselftothecasueofeducation.
6.Thecommitteeconsistsof15members.
7.Airismadeupofamixtureofgases.
8.Goinforrigoroustrainingandsetstrictdemand.
二、翻译下列词组,注意词汇的搭配方式。
1.setsail2.openquotation
3.thebeginningofspring4.gointooperation
5.betakenin6.makeprogress
7.distinguishedguests8.beonduty
三、翻译下列各句,注意汉语中词汇的词义范围。
1.Itrainedcatsanddogs(hard/heavily)threedaysonend(insuccession/running).
2.Helikestalkingbig(talkinglarge/talkinghorse/talkingtall).
Helikessayingbigwords/largewords.
3.Theyaregivingtheclassroomagood(general/spring/through)clean(ing).
4.Apersonlikehimisbynomeans(innoway/onnoaccount/never/notabsolutely)rare.
5.Weshouldgoinforindustryinabigwayinaccordancewithyoursuggestion.
6.Ifyoudoitlikethat,you’llbecompletely(gravely/seriously)mistaken(beabsolutelywrong/makeabigmistake/makeamajorblunder/commitaverygrosserror).
练习3
一、翻译下列句子,注意划线词语的多样性译法。
1.尤二姐听说,笑道:
“依你说,你两个已是情投意合。
竟把你许了他,岂不好?
”
“Itsoundsasifthetwoofyouarealwaysofonemind,”SecondSisterchuckled,“Howwoulditbeifweweretobetrothyoutohim?
”
2.一面说,一面咬牙切齿的,又说道……
Throughclenchedteethheadded,…
3.凤姐笑道:
“他倒不怨我,他临死咬牙切齿,倒恨宝玉呢。
”
“Sheboremenogrudege,”repliedXifeng.“ItwasBaoyuwhomadehergrindherteethwithragejustbeforeshedied.”
4.凤姐收了怯色,反喝道:
“死了罢了,有什么大惊小怪的!
”
ButafterherinitialfirghtXifengputonaboldface.“Ifshe’sdead,”sheretorted,“What’sallthefussabout?
”
二、翻译下列句子,注意划线部分的成语。
1.Themoreyouget,themoreyouwant.
2.It’sonlynaturalformantohankerformore.
3.Goodnessknowswhatthey’rebeingsosecretiveabout.
4.She’sbeencreepinginherethelastcoupleofdaysinaverysneakyway.Goodnessknowswhatshe’’supto.
5.Whotoldyoutomakesuchafussovernothing?
6.Anythingwilldo;don’tfuss.
7.Ourgrandmaisill,don’tkickupsuchashindy.
8.Whenothersheradthistheycommented,“Wethoughtitwassomeonewhomattered,butthisisn’tworthmakingsuchafussabout.”
短文翻译练习1
AWaterBridge
AcrossPanamarunsaworld-famous“waterbridge”,andthatisthePanamaCanal.LastsummervacationIwentwithmyparentsonasightseeingtouralongit,whichisstillfreshinmymemory.
HavinggottoPanamaCitybyair,weboardedapleasureboatintheportofBalboaandsailedintothecanal.Theboattraveled13kmandreachedthefirstgroupofwaterlocks.ThePanamaCanalisthusa“waterbridge”thatallowsshipstocrosslandbytheopeningandclosingofwaterlocks.
Webegan“gettingontothebridge”.Whentheboathadsailedintothelockchamber,thesteelgate,2metersthick,20metershighandwideandhundredsoftonsinweight,slowlyclosed,andwaterbeganrunningintothechamber,whichcontinuedforafewminutes.Theboatrosewiththewaterandadvancedslowly,pulledalongbypowercarsalongbothbanks.Twoliftslikethatraisedtheboat16meters.Itsailedoutofthelockacrossasmalllakeandcametothesecondgroupoflocks,whichraisedtheboatanother9.5meters.Inthisway,theboat,now26metersabovesealevel,hadgotontothe“topofthebridge”.Itsailedalongthemainchannel,whichstretched13kmbetweenbeautifulhillsassteepasifcutapartwithaswordandcoveredwithgreentreesandcolorfulflowers.
TheboatsailedoutofthegorgeandintothewideGatúnLake,withwhitecloudsanddistanthillsreflectedinitandprettyislespassingintoandoutofsight.Afteraleisurelyjourneyof38kmonthelake,theboatcametotheGatúnLocks,andtherebeganits“descentdownthebridge”.TheGatúnLocks,threeinnumber,lookedlikesomanygiganticsteps.Aftergettingthroughthelocks,theboathaddescendedtothesamelevelasthesurfaceoftheAtlanticOcean.ThebeautifulCaribbeanSeacameintoviewasitsailedintotheLimónBay.
WehadcomefromthePacifictotheAtlantic,twogreatoceansseparatedbylandbutlinkedbythePanamaCanal.Thecanalis81.8kminlengthand150to304minwidth.Shipsof50,000tonscanpassitunimpededallaroundtheclock.Itistrulyworthyofthenameof“theBridgeoftheWorld”.FullofheartypraisesamIforman’swisdomandcourageintransformingnature!
Iadmireyou,thepeopleofPanama!
TheguidetoldusthatthePanamanianpeoplehadhighaspirations.Ontheonehand,theywereworkingtoimprovetheexistentcanal,andontheotherhand,theywereplanningforanevenlongerone,which,itwasestimated,wouldtake10yearstocomplete,andwhichwouldbethegreatestprojectinman’shistory.Welookforwardtoitsearlycompletion.
第2讲词法翻译的一般技巧
练习1
一、翻译下面的句子,注意搭配产生的假朋友。
1.afaithfulChristian2.alovingparents
3.anobedientchild4.avirtuouswife
5.adutifulhusband6.ahardworkingstudent
7.strongwind8.thickfog
9.heavyrain
二、翻译下列句子,注意不顾语境而产生的假朋友。
1.Onlywhentheyfindmuchincommonandhopetokeepintouchlateron,willtheyoffertheircards.
2.Anotherexampl.ThereadingofChineseclassicsisamustforallChinese.Nevertheless,itwasnotuntilIwasoverthirtythatIcametorealizetheimportanceofself-studyinthematterofclassics.
3.Dearyoungfriends,myadvicetoyouis:
Dophysicalexercisesperseveringly.Thathasnothingtodowithmerry-makingortime-wasting.Goodhealthisthewherewithalforasuccessfullifeandcareer.
三、用对等译法,翻译下列成语。
1.fishintroubledwaters
2.beafterone’sownheart
3.kinandbones
4.touchandgo
5.hitthenailonthehead
6.beheadandshouldersaboveothers
7.turnadeafearto
8.burnone’sboat
9.turnablindeyeto
10.lookforaneedleinabundleofhay
四、用对等译法,翻译下列谚语。
1.Practicemakesperfect.
2.Morehaste,lessspeed.
3.Eastorwest,homeisbest.
4.Allisfishthatcomestothenet.
5.Everythingcomestohimwhowaits.
6.Themoonisnotseenwhenthesunshines.
7.Lookbeforeyouleap.
8.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.
练习2
一、翻译下列句子,注意增补冠词。
1.Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.
2.Thisistheheadofourdelegation.
3.Heputthepaperasideandturnedontheradio.
4.TheChinesepeopleareindustriousandbrave
5.Wemusthavefaithinthemasses.
二、翻译下列句子,注意增补代词。
1.Handinyourexercise-books,please.
2.Ican’texpressmyselfinEnglish.
3.Liberalismmanifestsitselfinvariousways.
4.Thisarticleiseasytoreadandunderstand.
5.Iwishtoavailmyselfofthisopportunitytoexpressourgratitudetoyou.
三、翻译下列句子,注意增补动词。
1.Theyareinhighspirits.
2.Theybeamedwithjoy.
3.Heisquickofeyeanddeftofhand.
4.Thisarticleiseasytoreadandunderstand.
5.Istoodalooffromhim.
四、翻译下列句子,注意增补介词。
1.Thebookisverypopularamongyoungpeople.
2.Sheinquiredaboutyourillness.
3.Themountainis1,000feetabovethesealevel
4.Shutthedoorafter/whenyougoout.
5.Dinnerwasatoneo’clock.
五、翻译下列句子,注意增补连词。
1.Promotephysicalcultureandbuildupthepeople’shealth.
2.Menandwomen,oldandyoung,alljoinedinthebattle.
3.Weworkedneitherforfamenorforpersonalgain.
4.Weshouldstrikewhiletheironishot.
5.IshallstayhereuntilI’vecompletedmystudies.
六、翻译下列句子或短语,从文化角度增补词语。
1.YoumighthavethegeniusofLiBaiorDuFu,whowasagreatpoetintheTangDynastyandthemoralworthofYanHuiorZengShen–bothofthemweredisciplesofConfucius,noonewouldaskyouradvice.
2.toshowoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxbeforeLuBanthemastercarpenter
3.Jigong,RobinHoodinChina,robbedtherichandhelpdthepoor.
4.letahundredflowersbloom,permittheairingofconflictingviews
5.blackchildren,whoareborninviolationofChina’sone-childpolicy
练习3
一、翻译下列句子,注意省略范畴词。
1.Reformandopening-upreversedthestagnationofnationaleconomy.
2.Hisrudenessshockedme.
3.Hehasundertaken/takenupthetranslationofLuXun’sworks.
4.Theexportisnotpermittedtoexceeditslimit.
5.ThediscusssioncoversSino-USrelations.
6.IntheSummerof1969,theAdministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.
7.Hisarrogancemadeeveryonedislikehim.
8.Now,birthcontrolbecameapossibility.
9.Chinaiscarryingoutnationwidepollutioncontrolandenvironmentalprotection.
10.Duringthetalk,theirdiscussioncenteredaroundtheprotectionofintellectualpropertiesrights.
二、翻译下列句子,注意省略原文的重复成分。
1.ThetwosidesheldthatSino-USrelationsshouldbeviewedinaglobalcontextandfromaperspectiveofthefutureandthe21stcenturyinparticular.
2.Whenproblemsemerge,theycanbeeasilyputright.
3.distance/length/size/height
4.Increasetheawarenessaboutself-reliance,compet
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